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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Split-dose polyethylene glycol (PEG) is routinely used for bowel preparation before colonoscopy. This study aimed to investigate the composition of gut microbiota and...
OBJECTIVE
Split-dose polyethylene glycol (PEG) is routinely used for bowel preparation before colonoscopy. This study aimed to investigate the composition of gut microbiota and its functions in pediatric patients undergoing split-dose PEG bowel preparation for colonoscopy to understand the stability and resilience of gut microbiota.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
From September to December 2021, 19 pediatric patients were enrolled at Shenzhen Children's Hospital and 76 samples (4 time points) were analyzed using metagenomics. Time points included Time_1 (one day before bowel preparation), Time_2 (one day after colonoscopy), Time_3 (two weeks after bowel preparation), and Time_4 (four weeks after bowel preparation).
RESULT
Alpha diversity comparison at both the species and gene levels showed a decrease in community richness after colonoscopy, with little statistical significance. However, the Shannon diversity index significantly decreased (<0.05) and gradually returned to pre-preparation levels at two weeks after bowel preparation. The genus level analysis showed six genera (, , , , , and ) significantly different across the four time periods. Additionally, at the species level, the abundance of , , and significantly increased at one day after colonoscopy before gradually decreasing at two weeks after bowel preparation. In contrast, the abundance of decreased at one day after colonoscopy but then recovered at two weeks after bowel preparation, reaching the preoperative level at four weeks after bowel preparation. Furthermore, five functional pathways (base excision repair, biosynthesis of ansamycins, biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptide, flavonoid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of type II polyketide products) were significantly different across the four time periods, with recovery at two weeks after bowel preparation and reaching preoperative levels at four weeks after bowel preparation.
CONCLUSIONS
Gut microbiota at the genus level, species level, and functional pathways are impacted in pediatric patients undergoing split-dose PEG bowel preparation and colonoscopy, with recovery two weeks following bowel preparation. However, the phylum level was not impacted. Modifications in gut microbiota composition and function may be investigated in future studies of bowel preparation. This study highlights the stability and resilience of gut microbiota among pediatric patients during bowel preparation.
Topics: Humans; Child; Cathartics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metagenomics; Polyethylene Glycols; Colonoscopy
PubMed: 37533931
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1202007 -
Microorganisms Aug 2021The genus is a common and abundant member of the oral microbiome. It includes eight species, , , , , , , and . They possess important metabolic pathways that utilize...
The genus is a common and abundant member of the oral microbiome. It includes eight species, , , , , , , and . They possess important metabolic pathways that utilize lactate as an energy source. However, the overall metabolome of these species has not been studied. To further understand the metabolic framework of in the human oral microbiome, we conducted a comparative pan-genome analysis of the eight species of oral . Analysis of the oral pan-genome revealed features based on KEGG pathway information to adapt to the oral environment. We found that the fructose metabolic pathway was conserved in all oral species, and oral have conserved pathways that utilize carbohydrates other than lactate as an energy source. This discovery may help to better understand the metabolic network among oral microbiomes and will provide guidance for the design of future and studies.
PubMed: 34442854
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081775 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology Jun 2021: This experimental study investigated bacterial microbiome and metabolome longitudinal changes associated with enamel caries lesion progression and arrest. : We...
: This experimental study investigated bacterial microbiome and metabolome longitudinal changes associated with enamel caries lesion progression and arrest. : We induced natural caries activity in three caries-free volunteers prior to four premolar extractions for orthodontic reasons. The experimental model included placement of a modified orthodontic band on smooth surfaces and a mesh on occlusal surfaces. We applied the caries-inducing protocol for 4- and 6-weeks, and subsequently promoted caries lesion arrest via a 2-week toothbrushing period. Lesions were verified clinically and quantitated via micro-CT enamel density measurements. The biofilm microbial composition was determined via 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and NMR spectrometry was used for metabolomics. : Biofilm maturation and caries lesion progression were characterized by an increase in Gram-negative anaerobes, including and was associated caries lesion progression, while a more equal distribution of characterized arrest. Lactate, acetate, pyruvate, alanine, valine, and sugars were more abundant in mature biofilms compared to newly formed biofilms. : These longitudinal bacterial microbiome and metabolome results provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of the biofilm in caries progression and arrest and offer promising candidate biomarkers for validation in future studies.
PubMed: 34188775
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1886748 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2023Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdomen clinical emergency. Most APs have mild clinical symptoms and a good prognosis. However, about 20% of patients develop severe...
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdomen clinical emergency. Most APs have mild clinical symptoms and a good prognosis. However, about 20% of patients develop severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), increasing morbidity and mortality. The microbiome's impact on AP pathophysiology has received increasing attention. Hence, to explore changes in oral microbial composition in acute pancreatitis, we collected clinical information and oral saliva samples from 136 adult participants: 47 healthy controls, 43 acute mild AP (MAP), 29 moderate AP (MSAP), and 17 severe AP (SAP). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 663,175 high-quality sequences were identified. The relative abundance and diversity of oral microorganisms in AP patients increased, with decreased beneficial bacteria such as , , and , and increased , and in the AP group. Further changes in microbial composition occurred with increasing disease severity, including a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria such as , and in MSAP and SAP compared to MAP. Moreover, the Lefse analysis showed that , and were better microbial markers for AP. Therefore, oral microbiome changes could distinguish AP from healthy individuals and serve as an early novel predictor of disease severity in AP patients.
PubMed: 37808891
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2264619 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Jul 2023Children with preschool wheezing or school-age asthma are reported to have airway microbial imbalances. To identify clusters in children with asthma or wheezing using...
Children with preschool wheezing or school-age asthma are reported to have airway microbial imbalances. To identify clusters in children with asthma or wheezing using oropharyngeal microbiota profiles. Oropharyngeal swabs from the U-BIOPRED (Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes) pediatric asthma or wheezing cohort were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed on the Bray-Curtis β-diversity. Enrichment scores of the Molecular Signatures Database hallmark gene sets were computed from the blood transcriptome using gene set variation analysis. Children with severe asthma or severe wheezing were followed up for 12-18 months, with assessment of the frequency of exacerbations. Oropharyngeal samples from 241 children (age range, 1-17 years; 40% female) revealed four taxa-driven clusters dominated by , , , and . The clusters showed significant differences in atopic dermatitis, grass pollen sensitization, FEV% predicted after salbutamol, and annual asthma exacerbation frequency during follow-up. The cluster was the most allergic and included the highest percentage of children with two or more exacerbations per year during follow-up. The oropharyngeal clusters were different in the enrichment scores of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) (highest in the cluster) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling (highest in the cluster) transcriptomic pathways in blood (all values <0.05). Analysis of the oropharyngeal microbiota of children with asthma or wheezing identified four clusters with distinct clinical characteristics (phenotypes) that associate with risk for exacerbation and transcriptomic pathways involved in airway remodeling. This suggests that further exploration of the oropharyngeal microbiota may lead to novel pathophysiologic insights and potentially new treatment approaches.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Transcriptome; Respiratory Sounds; Asthma; Hypersensitivity; Microbiota
PubMed: 37163754
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202211-2107OC -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Feb 2021Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most aggressive form of alcohol-related liver disease with high mortality. The microbiome is an emerging therapeutic target in...
BACKGROUND
Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most aggressive form of alcohol-related liver disease with high mortality. The microbiome is an emerging therapeutic target in alcohol-related liver disease.
AIMS
To investigate the microbiome composition in patients with severe AH, and to determine microbiome recovery after rifaximin treatment in gut bacteria and bacteria derived-extracellular vesicles.
METHODS
We enrolled 24 patients with severe AH and 24 healthy controls. Additional faecal samples were collected after 4 weeks in 8 patients with severe AH who completed rifaximin treatment. Treatment response was defined based on Lille score model after 7 days of treatment. Metagenomic profiling was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing.
RESULTS
Faecal microbiomes of patients with severe AH had lower alpha diversity and higher beta diversity than those of healthy controls in both gut bacteria and extracellular vesicles. Bacilli, Lactobacillales and Veillonella were significantly increased in the gut bacteria of patients with severe AH, and Veillonella, Veillonella parvula group and Lactobacillales were significantly increased in the extracellular vesicles of patients with severe AH. Eubacterium_g23, Oscillibacter and Clostridiales decreased in the gut bacteria of patients with severe AH, and Eubacterium_g23, Oscillibacter and Christensenellaceae decreased in the extracellular vesicles of patients with severe AH. After rifaximin treatment, 17 taxa in the gut bacteria and 23 taxa in extracellular vesicles were significantly restored in patients with severe AH. In common, Veillonella and Veillonella parvula group increased in patients with severe AH and decreased after rifaximin treatment, and Prevotella and Prevotellaceae decreased in patients with severe AH and increased after rifaximin treatment. Treatment non-responders showed a significantly lower abundance of Prevotella at baseline than did treatment responders.
CONCLUSION
Dysbiosis was confirmed in severe AH but was alleviated by rifaximin treatment. Taxa associated with severe AH can be candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hepatitis, Alcoholic; Humans; Microbiota; Veillonella
PubMed: 33264437
DOI: 10.1111/apt.16200 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Oct 2020Veillonella species, known as the early colonizer of oral biofilm, are prevalent in oral microbiota. Seven Veillonella species have been isolated from oral cavity. Their... (Review)
Review
Veillonella species, known as the early colonizer of oral biofilm, are prevalent in oral microbiota. Seven Veillonella species have been isolated from oral cavity. Their distribution varies not only with different people but also with different sites in the oral cavity. Oral Veillonella are associated with oral diseases. They contribute to the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and consume the lactate generated by streptococci. Veillonella species play an important role in the occurrence and development of periodontal diseases by providing adhesion sites for Porphyromonas gingivalis and boosting immune responses. The production of lipopolysaccharide and H2S is related to other oral diseases, such as pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, and halitosis. Several studies have been conducted on the relationship between Veillonella and oral diseases and the interaction between Veillonella and other pathological microorganisms, but limited knowledge is available at the molecular level. This article reviews the research progress in the relationship between Veillonella and oral infectious diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases.
Topics: Dental Caries; Humans; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans; Veillonella
PubMed: 33085245
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.05.018 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2021This study aimed to investigate that these bacteria counts in the oral cavity were modulated by the recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) status according to age and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Quantitative changes of Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Neisseria in the oral cavity of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate that these bacteria counts in the oral cavity were modulated by the recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) status according to age and ethnicity with a systematic review and meta-analysis.
DESIGN
The relevant case-control studies were searched in the literature database in English, Korean, and Chinese until June 2020 using keywords, and the literature was screened and collated for Review Manager analysis. Sensitivity analysis and quality check of the included literature were conducted.
RESULTS
From the selection process, oral bacteria counts were measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 8 studies and next-generation sequencing in 4 studies. Healthy control, ulcerative phases of RAS (UC-RAS), non-ulcerative phases of RAS (Non-UC-RAS) groups included 442, 473, and 386 participants in a total of 12 studies. For PCR detection, mean differences (95 % confidence intervals) of Veillonella and Streptococcus counts between the healthy-control and RAS groups were -1.91 (-2.41 ∼ -1.41) and -1.34 (-1.85 ∼ -0.83)(P < 0.0001). The bacteria count results by "Next-generation" sequencing (NGS) and PCR methods were similar. Significantly lower Veillonella and Streptococcus counts were observed in the UC-RAS group than in the non-UC-RAS group (P < 0.0001). Veillonella and Streptococcus count differences between RAS and controls aged ≥30 years were greater than those aged <30 years. At the species level, the prevalence of RAS had a negative relation with Veillonella dispar count.
CONCLUSIONS
Counts of Veillonella and Streptococcus are strongly correlated with the recovery and progression of RAS, especially in middle-aged patients. Adjustment of oral microbiota should be considered in the treatment of RAS.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Neisseria; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Streptococcus; Veillonella
PubMed: 34167010
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105198 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a common cause of liver cirrhosis. To identify the characteristics of the oral microbiome in patients with AIH, we collected 204 saliva... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a common cause of liver cirrhosis. To identify the characteristics of the oral microbiome in patients with AIH, we collected 204 saliva samples including 68 AIH patients and 136 healthy controls and performed microbial MiSeq sequencing after screening. All samples were randomly divided into discovery cohorts (46 AIH and 92 HCs) and validation cohorts (22 AIH and 44 HCs). Moreover, we collected samples of 12 AIH patients from Hangzhou for cross-regional validation. We described the oral microbiome characteristics of AIH patients and established a diagnostic model. In the AIH group, the oral microbiome diversity was significantly increased. The microbial communities remarkably differed between the two groups. Seven genera, mainly and , were dominant in the HC group, while 51 genera, and , were enriched in the AIH group. Notably, we found 23 gene functions, including Membrane Transport, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Glycerolipid metabolism that were dominant in AIH and 31 gene functions that prevailed in HCs. We further investigated the correlation between the oral microbiome and clinical parameters. The optimal 5 microbial markers were figured out through a random forest model, and the distinguishing potential achieved 99.88% between 46 AIH and 92 HCs in the discovery cohort and 100% in the validation cohort. Importantly, the distinguishing potential reached 95.55% in the cross-regional validation cohort. In conclusion, this study is the first to characterize the oral microbiome in AIH patients and to report the successful establishment of a diagnostic model and the cross-regional validation of microbial markers for AIH. Importantly, oral microbiota-targeted biomarkers may be able to serve as powerful and noninvasive diagnostic tools for AIH.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Microbiota; Saliva; Veillonella
PubMed: 34094998
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.656674 -
Journal of Dental Research Sep 2021Cervical composites treating root carious and noncarious cervical lesions usually extend subgingivally. The subgingival margins of composites present poor plaque...
Cervical composites treating root carious and noncarious cervical lesions usually extend subgingivally. The subgingival margins of composites present poor plaque control, enhanced biofilm accumulation, and cause gingival irritation. A potential material to restore such lesions should combine agents that interfere with bacterial biofilm development and respond to acidic conditions. Here, we explore the use of new bioresponsive bifunctional dental composites against mature microcosm biofilms derived from subgingival plaque samples. The designed formulations contain 2 bioactive agents: dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) at 3 to 5 wt.% and 20 wt.% nanosized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) in a base resin. Composites with no DMAHDM and NACP were used as controls. The newly formulated 5% DMAHDM-20% NACP composite was analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The wettability and surface-free energy were also assessed. The inhibitory effect on the in vitro biofilm growth and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of survival bacterial colonies derived from the composites were analyzed. Whole-biofilm metabolic activity, polysaccharide production, and live/dead images of the biofilm grown over the composites complement the microbiological assays. Overall, the designed formulations had higher contact angles with water and lower surface-free energy compared to the commercial control. The DMAHDM-NACP composites significantly inhibited the growth of total microorganisms, , , , and by 3 to 5-log ( < 0.001). For the colony isolates from control composites, the composition was typically dominated by the genera , , , , and , while and dominated the 5% DMAHDM-20% NACP composites. The DMAHDM-NACP composites contributed to over 80% of reduction in metabolic and polysaccharide activity. The suppression effect on plaque biofilms suggested that DMAHDM-NACP composites might be used as a bioactive material for cervical restorations. These results may propose an exciting path to prevent biofilm growth and improve dental composite restorations' life span.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Methacrylates; Nanocomposites; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34167373
DOI: 10.1177/00220345211018189