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Veterinary Pathology Sep 2021
Topics: Animals; Education, Veterinary; Pathology, Veterinary; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 34196248
DOI: 10.1177/03009858211027357 -
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and... Oct 2016This review provides a tutorial for individuals interested in quantitative veterinary pharmacology and toxicology and offers a basis for establishing guidelines for... (Review)
Review
Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health - Part II: principles, methods, applications, and value of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in veterinary medicine and food safety assessment.
This review provides a tutorial for individuals interested in quantitative veterinary pharmacology and toxicology and offers a basis for establishing guidelines for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model development and application in veterinary medicine. This is important as the application of PBPK modeling in veterinary medicine has evolved over the past two decades. PBPK models can be used to predict drug tissue residues and withdrawal times in food-producing animals, to estimate chemical concentrations at the site of action and target organ toxicity to aid risk assessment of environmental contaminants and/or drugs in both domestic animals and wildlife, as well as to help design therapeutic regimens for veterinary drugs. This review provides a comprehensive summary of PBPK modeling principles, model development methodology, and the current applications in veterinary medicine, with a focus on predictions of drug tissue residues and withdrawal times in food-producing animals. The advantages and disadvantages of PBPK modeling compared to other pharmacokinetic modeling approaches (i.e., classical compartmental/noncompartmental modeling, nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, and interspecies allometric scaling) are further presented. The review finally discusses contemporary challenges and our perspectives on model documentation, evaluation criteria, quality improvement, and offers solutions to increase model acceptance and applications in veterinary pharmacology and toxicology.
Topics: Animals; Food Safety; Models, Statistical; Pharmacokinetics; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 27086878
DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12311 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jan 2015Exoprostheses are devices that are secured to incomplete limbs to enable locomotion. By comparison, orthoses are devices externally applied to support or protect an... (Review)
Review
Exoprostheses are devices that are secured to incomplete limbs to enable locomotion. By comparison, orthoses are devices externally applied to support or protect an injured body part. Orthoses also can be used to control, guide, protect, limit motion of, or immobilize an extremity, a joint, or a body segment. Exoprostheses and orthoses are a growing aspect of the physical rehabilitation of companion animals. They require precise design and fabrication. Patients and owners must be trained to use the devices. Exoprostheses and orthoses can have a profound beneficial impact on the mobility and the quality of life of companion animals.
Topics: Animals; Artificial Limbs; Orthotic Devices; Pets; Physical Therapy Modalities; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 25432685
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.09.009 -
Equine Veterinary Journal Jul 2015
Topics: Research Design; Surveys and Questionnaires; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 25846780
DOI: 10.1111/evj.12429 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Jul 2020This paper reviews experiences with participatory epidemiology (PE) and focuses in pastoralist areas of Africa where much of the early development and... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews experiences with participatory epidemiology (PE) and focuses in pastoralist areas of Africa where much of the early development and institutionalization of PE occurred. The paper discusses the importance of context when designing PE activities and framing study questions, and uses the example of changing livelihoods in pastoralist areas, and marked wealth and gender differences within communities. By reference to a recently proposed definition of PE that includes community empowerment, the paper describes the marked socio-economic and gender differentiation in pastoralist communities. In these contexts, questions of "disease control for who?" and "empowerment for who?" arise, as does the need to move beyond the concept of communities as homogenous social and economic units. By reference to the persistent complex emergencies and other humanitarian crises, the paper discusses community participation and how functional participation in programmes and PE can contribute to successful livestock disease control. In contrast, empowering forms of participation are difficult to achieve in humanitarian contexts and might not be needed to achieve effective livestock disease control. In non-humanitarian contexts, and secure countries with stable governments, national control programmes for important transboundary or zoonotic diseases usually require control strategies that can be applied consistently across areas, and with disease policy, funding, coordination and implementation controlled centrally. In contrast, empowerment in PE implies local, community-level decision-making and control of resources. The paper also discusses importance of designing PE studies that focus on action, and participatory evaluation of new or adapted disease control methods with communities.
Topics: Africa; Animals; Community Participation; Community-Based Participatory Research; Epidemiologic Methods; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 32474333
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105026 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Oct 2015
Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Periodicals as Topic; Societies, Scientific; United States; Veterinarians; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 26693570
DOI: No ID Found -
The Veterinary Record Jul 2017Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in her 20s, Mary-Elizabeth became severely disabled; she was never confined by her illness and travelled widely. She won 'Mastermind'...
Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in her 20s, Mary-Elizabeth became severely disabled; she was never confined by her illness and travelled widely. She won 'Mastermind' in 1989, scoring '40 and no passes'.
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; United Kingdom; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 28710176
DOI: 10.1136/vr.j3392 -
The Veterinary Record Dec 2017A well-respected, understanding veterinary surgeon who was as comfortable with his clients as with the many species of animals he treated. He was Deputy Lord Lieutenant...
A well-respected, understanding veterinary surgeon who was as comfortable with his clients as with the many species of animals he treated. He was Deputy Lord Lieutenant for Inverness-shire and was awarded an MBE for his services to agriculture.
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; United Kingdom; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 29192049
DOI: 10.1136/vr.j5566 -
Revue Scientifique Et Technique... Dec 2015Veterinary public health (VPH) assumes huge significance in developing countries such as India. However, the implementation of VPH services throughout the country is... (Review)
Review
Veterinary public health (VPH) assumes huge significance in developing countries such as India. However, the implementation of VPH services throughout the country is still in its infancy. From 1970 onwards, many institutes, national and international organisations, professional societies, policies and personalities have contributed towards the development of VPH in India. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need to develop VPH still further as there are many issues, such as high population density, the re-emergence of zoonotic pathogens, environmental pollution and antimicrobial resistance, that require attention. The time has surely come to involve all stakeholders, ranging from primary producers (e.g., farmers) to policy-makers, so as to garner support for the holistic implementation of VPH services in India. To improve VPH activities and services, science-based policies enforced through stringent regulation are required to improve human, animal and environmental health. The emergence of the 'One Health' concept has ushered in new hopes for the resurrection of VPH in India. Applying tools such as the World Organisation for Animal Health (OlE) Day One Competencies and the OlE Tool for the Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS Tool) is essential to improve the quality of national Veterinary Services and to identify gaps and weaknesses in service provision, which can be remedied to comply with the OlE international standards. VPH initiatives started modestly but they continue to grow. The present review is focused on the current status and future needs of VPH in India.
Topics: Animals; Developing Countries; Humans; India; Public Health; Veterinary Medicine; Zoonoses
PubMed: 27044147
DOI: 10.20506/rst.34.3.2391 -
Veterinary Pathology Sep 2017Using light microscopy to describe the microarchitecture of normal and diseased tissues has changed very little since the middle of the 19th century. While the premise... (Review)
Review
Using light microscopy to describe the microarchitecture of normal and diseased tissues has changed very little since the middle of the 19th century. While the premise of histologic analysis remains intact, our relationship with the microscope is changing dramatically. Digital pathology offers new forms of visualization, and delivery of images is facilitated in unprecedented ways. This new technology can untether us entirely from our light microscopes, with many pathologists already performing their jobs using virtual microscopy. Several veterinary colleges have integrated virtual microscopy in their curriculum, and some diagnostic histopathology labs are switching to virtual microscopy as their main tool for the assessment of histologic specimens. Considering recent technical advancements of slide scanner and viewing software, digital pathology should now be considered a serious alternative to traditional light microscopy. This review therefore intends to give an overview of the current digital pathology technologies and their potential in all fields of veterinary pathology (ie, research, diagnostic service, and education). A future integration of digital pathology in the veterinary pathologist's workflow seems to be inevitable, and therefore it is proposed that trainees should be taught in digital pathology to keep up with the unavoidable digitization of the profession.
Topics: Animals; Computer Communication Networks; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Microscopy; Pathologists; Pathology, Veterinary; Software; Telepathology; User-Computer Interface; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 28578626
DOI: 10.1177/0300985817709888