-
Environmental Science and Pollution... Aug 2021Vibrio species, widely distributed in water environments, has emerged as a prominent cause of water and food-related disease outbreaks posing significant risk to human...
Vibrio species, widely distributed in water environments, has emerged as a prominent cause of water and food-related disease outbreaks posing significant risk to human and animal health worldwide. About 40% of presumptive isolates recovered from four selected rivers in Southwest Nigeria and, established as Vibrio species genus through polymerase chain reaction techniques., were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against a panel of 18 commonly used antibiotics. The relative prevalence of key Vibrio species (V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. mimicus, V. harveyi, and V. cholerae) was in the order 17%, 13.3%, 4.4%, 2.2%, and 2.2% respectively. Antibiotic resistance by all Vibrio species was mostly observed against doxycycline (71-89%), erythromycin (86-100%), tetracycline (71-89%), rifampicin (86-100%), and sulfamethoxazole (87-100%), though susceptibility to meropenem (86-100%), cephalothin (60-100%), norfloxacin (93-100%), ciprofloxacin (88-100%), amikacin (64-100%), gentamicin (57-74%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (57-81%) was equally observed in all species. Vibrio mimicus expressed highest resistance against streptomycin and chloramphenicol (64%), while V. vulnificus (52%) and V. cholerae (57%) had the highest resistance against cephalothin. High resistance against ampicillin (57%) and amoxicillin (50%) was exhibited by V. cholerae and V. mimicus respectively. Indexes of multiple antibiotic resistances (MARI) among Vibrio species ranged between 0.11 and 0.72 with the highest MAR index of 0.72 observed in one isolate of V. vulnificus. This study reveals high prevalence of Vibrio species in the selected rivers as well as elevated resistance against some first-line antibiotics, which suggests possible inappropriate antimicrobial usage around study communities. We conclude that the freshwater resources investigated are unfit for domestic, industrial, and recreational uses without treatment prior to use and are potential reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant Vibrio species in this environment.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nigeria; Rivers; Vibrio
PubMed: 33813704
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13603-4 -
Italian Journal of Food Safety Mar 2023The genus includes bacteria with different morphological and metabolic characteristics responsible for different human and animal diseases. An accurate identification...
The genus includes bacteria with different morphological and metabolic characteristics responsible for different human and animal diseases. An accurate identification is essential to assess the risks in regard to aquatic organisms and consequently to public health. The Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) scheme developed on the basis of 4 housekeeping genes (B, H, A and A) was applied to identify 92 strains isolated from crustaceans in 2011. Concatenated sequences were used for the phylogenetic and population analyses and the results were compared with those from biochemical identification tests. From the phylogenetic analysis, 10 clusters and 4 singletons emerged, whereas the population analysis highlighted 12 subpopulations that were well supported by phylogeny with few exceptions. The retrospective analysis allowed correct re-attribution of isolated species, indicating how, for some pathogens, there may be an overestimation of phenotypic identification (. ). Use of the PubMLST database highlighted a possible genetic link between Sequence Type (ST) 529 and ST195 () isolated from a human case in Norway during 2018. In addition to the identification of major risk groups of , and , MLSA could be a valid support for species considered a minor risk, such as , and . Due to the increased incidence of vibriosis in Europe, the application of different tools will also have to be considered to investigate the possible epidemiological links of the various species in the perspective of to protect the consumer.
PubMed: 37064522
DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11045 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Apr 2023Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diseases in humans and various aquatic animals. A particularly efficient way to provide protection...
Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diseases in humans and various aquatic animals. A particularly efficient way to provide protection against V. mimicus is through vaccination. However, there are few commercial vaccines against V. mimics, especially oral vaccines. In our study, two surface-display recombinant Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) Lc-pPG-OmpK and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB were constructed using L. casei ATCC393 as an antigen delivery vector, outer membrane protein K (OmpK) of V. mimicus as an antigen, and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as a molecular adjuvant; furthermore, the immunological effects of recombinant L.casei in Carassius auratus (C. auratus) were assessed. The results indicated that oral recombinant L.casei Lc-pPG-OmpK and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB stimulated higher levels of serum-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and increased the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LYS), lectin, C3, and C4 in C. auratus, compared with control groups (Lc-pPG group and PBS group). Furthermore, the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the liver, spleen, head kidney, hind intestine and gills of C. auratus was significantly increased, compared with that in the controls. These results demonstrated that the two recombinant L. casei strains could effectively trigger humoral and cellular immunity in C. auratus. In addition, two recombinant L.casei strains were able to survive and colonize the intestine of C. auratus. Importantly, after being challenged with V. mimicus, C. auratus fed Lc-pPG-OmpK and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB exhibited greater survival rates than the controls (52.08% and 58.33%, respectively). The data showed that recombinant L. casei could elicit a protective immunological response in C. auratus. The effect of the Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB group was better than that of the Lc-pPG-OmpK group, and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB was found to be an effective candidate for oral vaccination.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Goldfish; Vibrio mimicus; Vaccination; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 36868535
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108659 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2024is a serious pathogen in aquatic animals, resulting in significant economic losses. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) often acts as a central regulator in highly...
is a serious pathogen in aquatic animals, resulting in significant economic losses. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) often acts as a central regulator in highly pathogenic pathogens. SCCF01 is a highly pathogenic strain isolated from yellow catfish; the gene deletion strain (Δ) was constructed by natural transformation to determine whether this deletion affects the virulence phenotypes. Their potential molecular connections were revealed by qRT-PCR analysis. Our results showed that the absence of the gene resulted in bacterial and colony morphological changes alongside decreases in bacterial growth, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, enzymatic activity, motility, and cell adhesion. A cell cytotoxicity assay and animal experiments confirmed that contributes to pathogenicity, as the LD of the Δ strain was 73.1-fold lower compared to the WT strain. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed the inhibition of type II secretion system genes, flagellum genes, adhesion genes, and metalloproteinase genes in the deletion strain. This resulted in the virulence phenotype differences described above. Together, these data demonstrate that the gene plays a core regulatory role in virulence and pathogenicity.
PubMed: 38338079
DOI: 10.3390/ani14030437 -
Enzyme and Microbial Technology Jun 2021Vibrio mimicus collagenase (VMC), a Class II Vibrio metalloprotease, contains an HEXXH motif in a zinc-binding catalytic domain, and two FAXWXXT motifs in its C-terminal...
Vibrio mimicus collagenase (VMC), a Class II Vibrio metalloprotease, contains an HEXXH motif in a zinc-binding catalytic domain, and two FAXWXXT motifs in its C-terminal domain, which is its collagen binding domain (CBD). To understand the functional role of the individual CBD motifs in the activity of VMC, if any, we created and characterized a series of VMC variants: i) VMA, with 51 amino acids deleted from the C-terminal end of full-length VMC; ii) VMT1, a form of VMA mutated in the first CBD motif; iii) VMT2, a form of VMA mutated in the second CBD motif; iv) DM, a form of VMA with both CBD motifs mutated; v) CT, a truncated form of VMA, lacking the entire CBD region; and vi) CBD, a construct containing the collagen binding domain alone. The activity of each variant was assessed by multiple means, in relation to VMA. We report that VMT1 and VMT2 show 1.6-fold and 10-fold reduced activity, respectively. The reduced activity of VMT2 correlates with reduced binding to insoluble collagen as well as an inability to cause structural perturbation of collagen. VMC appears to cause unwinding and structural alteration of the collagen triple helix prior to hydrolysis of the substrate (using both motifs for collagen binding), like Clostridium collagenases. In the absence of a known structure for VMC, our findings suggest that Vibrio collagenase, functions like Clostridium collagenases, although the two show very little sequence similarity. Also, VMC shows reduced activity with respect to Clostridium collagenases, making it an ideal enzyme for therapeutic applications.
Topics: Collagen; Collagenases; Hydrolysis; Vibrio; Vibrio mimicus
PubMed: 33992402
DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109779 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Sep 2023Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is known to cause severe bacterial diseases with high mortality rates in fish, resulting in significant economic losses in the global...
Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is known to cause severe bacterial diseases with high mortality rates in fish, resulting in significant economic losses in the global aquaculture industry. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a safe and effective vaccine for protecting Carassius auratus (C. auratus) against V. mimicus infection. Recombinant Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) strains, Lc-pPG-612-OmpU and Lc-pPG-612-OmpU-CTB (surface-displayed), were constructed using a L. casei strain (ATCC 393) as an antigen delivery carrier and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as an adjuvant. The two recombinant strains of L. casei were administered to C. auratus via oral immunization, and the protective efficacy of the oral vaccines was assessed. The results demonstrated that oral immunization with the two strains significantly increased the levels of nonspecific immune indicators in C. auratus, including alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LYS), acid phosphatase (ACP), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), lectin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, the experiment groups exhibited significant increases in specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against OmpU, as well as the transcription of immune-related genes (ie., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β), when compared to the control groups. Following infection of C. auratus with V. mimicus, the mortality rate of the recombinant L. casei-treated fish was observed to be lower compared to the control group. This finding suggests that recombinant L. casei demonstrates effective protection against V. mimicus infection in C. auratus. Furthermore, the addition of the immune adjuvant CTB was found to induce a more robust adaptive and innate immune response in C. auratus, resulting in reduced mortality after infection with V. mimicus.
Topics: Animals; Goldfish; Vibrio mimicus; Carps; Bacterial Vaccines; Vibrio Infections; Lacticaseibacillus casei
PubMed: 37481101
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108973 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Sep 2020In this study, the prevalence of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio spp. in shrimp from retail markets in Reynosa,...
In this study, the prevalence of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio spp. in shrimp from retail markets in Reynosa, Mexico was determined. A total of 765 isolates, identified as Vibrio spp. (59·1%), V. cholerae (17·8%), V. mimicus (6·7%) and V. parahaemolyticus (4·6%), were obtained; V. vulnificus was not detected. Most of the strains were isolated from supermarkets (48·1%), followed by street vendors (37·3%) and retail stores (14·6%). Moreover, several virulence genes were identified in V. cholerae: toxR (100%), OmpU (76·5%), hlyA (76·5%), VPI (19·9%) and tcpA (5·1%); in V. mimicus: vmh (100%), wzb (74·5%), pilF (54·9%), VPI (43·1%), OmpU (29·4%) and tdh (9·8%); and in V. parahaemolyticus: toxR (100%), tlh (100%), VP1680 (51·4%) and VPI (11·4%). These results show the low safety of this food and the potential risk to consumers' health, since this product in Mexican cuisine is sometimes served raw or semi-cooked. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study shows the prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from shrimp that is commercialized in Reynosa city. This could represent a risk to consumers' health, since outbreaks related to shrimp contaminated with Vibrio have been previously reported. Additionally, shrimp fishing has a major role in Mexico's economy.
Topics: Animals; Food Contamination; Food Safety; Mexico; Penaeidae; Prevalence; Raw Foods; Seafood; Supermarkets; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio mimicus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Virulence
PubMed: 32408383
DOI: 10.1111/lam.13315 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Sep 2019Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is a significant pathogen in freshwater catfish, though knowledge of virulence determinants and effective vaccine is lacking. Multiplex...
Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is a significant pathogen in freshwater catfish, though knowledge of virulence determinants and effective vaccine is lacking. Multiplex genome editing by natural transformation (MuGENT) is an easy knockout method, which has successfully used in various bacteria except for V. mimicus. Here, we found V. mimicus strain SCCF01 can uptake exogenous DNA and insert it into genome by natural transformation assay. Subsequently, we exploited this property to make five mutants (△Hem, △TS1, △TS2, △TS1△TS2, and △II), and removed the antibiotic resistance marker by Flp-recombination. Finally, all of the mutants were identified by PCR and RT-PCR. The results showed that combination of natural transformation and FLP-recombination can be applied successfully to generate targeted gene disruptions without the antibiotic resistance marker in V. mimicus. In addition, the five mutants showed mutant could be inherited after several subcultures and a 668-fold decrease in the virulence to yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). This study provides a convenient method for the genetic manipulation of V. mimicus. It will facilitate the identification and characterization of V. mimicus virulence factors and eventually contribute to a better understanding of V. mimicus pathogenicity and development of attenuated vaccine.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Catfishes; Fish Diseases; Gene Editing; Gene Knockout Techniques; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio mimicus
PubMed: 31202969
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.025 -
Journal of Basic Microbiology Oct 2016Vibrio mimicus is an estuarine bacterium, while it can cause severe diarrhea, wound infection, and otitis media in humans. This pathogen secretes a relatively important...
Vibrio mimicus is an estuarine bacterium, while it can cause severe diarrhea, wound infection, and otitis media in humans. This pathogen secretes a relatively important toxin named V. mimicus metalloprotease (VMP). In this study, we clarified regulation of the VMP production according to the quorum-sensing master regulatory protein named LuxR. First, the full length of luxR gene, encoding LuxR, was detected in V. mimicus strain E-37, an environmental isolate. Next, the putative consensus binding sequence of LuxR protein could be detected in the upstream (promoter) region of VMP encoding gene, vmp. Finally, the effect of disruption of luxR gene on the expression of vmp and production of VMP was evaluated. Namely, the expression of vmp was significantly diminished by luxR disruption and the production of VMP was severely altered. Taken together, here we report that VMP production is under the positive regulation of the quorum-sensing master regulatory protein, LuxR.
Topics: Base Sequence; Binding Sites; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Metalloproteases; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Quorum Sensing; Repressor Proteins; Trans-Activators; Vibrio mimicus
PubMed: 27160384
DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600002 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Aug 2023Type II secretion systems (T2SS) are important molecular machines used by bacteria to transport a wide range of proteins across the outer membrane from the periplasm....
Type II secretion systems (T2SS) are important molecular machines used by bacteria to transport a wide range of proteins across the outer membrane from the periplasm. Vibrio mimicus is an epidemic pathogen threats to both aquatic animals and human health. Our previous study demonstrates that T2SS deletion reduced virulence by 307.26 times in yellow catfish. However, the specific effects of T2SS-mediated extracellular protein secretion in V. mimicus, including its potential role in exotoxin secretion or other mechanisms, require further investigation. Through proteomics and phenotypic analyses, this study observed that the ΔT2SS strain exhibited significant self-aggregation and dynamic deficiency, with a notable negative correlation with subsequent biofilm formation. The proteomics analysis revealed 239 different abundances of extracellular proteins after T2SS deletion, including 19 proteins with higher abundance and 220 proteins with lower and even absent in the ΔT2SS strain. These extracellular proteins are involved in various pathways, such as metabolism, virulence factors expression, and enzymes. Among them, purine, pyruvate, and pyrimidine metabolism, and the Citrate cycle, were the primary pathways affected by T2SS. Our phenotypic analysis is consistent with these findings, suggesting that the decreased virulence of ΔT2SS strains is due to the effect of T2SS on these proteins, which negatively impacts growth, biofilm formation, auto-aggregation, and motility of V. mimicus. These results provide valuable insights for designing deletion targets for attenuated vaccines development against V. mimicus and expand our understanding of the biological functions of T2SS.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Type II Secretion Systems; Vaccines, Attenuated; Bacterial Proteins; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 37380063
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106215