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Nature Reviews. Disease Primers Jul 2018Vibrio is a genus of ubiquitous bacteria found in a wide variety of aquatic and marine habitats; of the >100 described Vibrio spp., ~12 cause infections in humans.... (Review)
Review
Vibrio is a genus of ubiquitous bacteria found in a wide variety of aquatic and marine habitats; of the >100 described Vibrio spp., ~12 cause infections in humans. Vibrio cholerae can cause cholera, a severe diarrhoeal disease that can be quickly fatal if untreated and is typically transmitted via contaminated water and person-to-person contact. Non-cholera Vibrio spp. (for example, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus) cause vibriosis - infections normally acquired through exposure to sea water or through consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood. Non-cholera bacteria can lead to several clinical manifestations, most commonly mild, self-limiting gastroenteritis, with the exception of V. vulnificus, an opportunistic pathogen with a high mortality that causes wound infections that can rapidly lead to septicaemia. Treatment for Vibrio spp. infection largely depends on the causative pathogen: for example, rehydration therapy for V. cholerae infection and debridement of infected tissues for V. vulnificus-associated wound infections, with antibiotic therapy for severe cholera and systemic infections. Although cholera is preventable and effective oral cholera vaccines are available, outbreaks can be triggered by natural or man-made events that contaminate drinking water or compromise access to safe water and sanitation. The incidence of vibriosis is rising, perhaps owing in part to the spread of Vibrio spp. favoured by climate change and rising sea water temperature.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cholera; Cholera Vaccines; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Quality of Life; Trace Elements; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Zinc
PubMed: 30002421
DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0005-8 -
Food Microbiology Aug 2016Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are the leading causes of seafood associated infections and mortality in the United States. The main syndromes caused by... (Review)
Review
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are the leading causes of seafood associated infections and mortality in the United States. The main syndromes caused by these pathogens are gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia. This article reviewed the antibiotic resistance profile of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in the United States and other countries including Italy, Brazil, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, China, India, Iran, South Africa and Australia. The awareness of antimicrobial resistance of these two pathogens is not as well documented as other foodborne bacterial pathogens. Vibrio spp. are usually susceptible to most antimicrobials of veterinary and human significance. However, many studies reported that V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus showed multiple-antibiotic resistance due to misuse of antibiotics to control infections in aquaculture production. In addition, both environmental and clinical isolates showed similar antibiotic resistance profiles. Most frequently observed antibiotic resistance profiles involved ampicillin, penicillin and tetracycline regardless of the countries. The presence of multiple-antibiotic resistant bacteria in seafood and aquatic environments is a major concern in fish and shellfish farming and human health.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Food Contamination; Humans; Seafood; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 27052711
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.02.008 -
Environmental Microbiology Oct 2020The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a proteinaceous weapon used by many Gram-negative bacteria to deliver toxins into adjacent target cells. Vibrio cholerae, the... (Review)
Review
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a proteinaceous weapon used by many Gram-negative bacteria to deliver toxins into adjacent target cells. Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium responsible for the fatal water-borne cholera disease, uses the T6SS to evade phagocytic eukaryotes, cause intestinal inflammation, and compete against other bacteria with toxins that disrupt lipid membranes, cell walls and actin cytoskeletons. The control of T6SS genes varies among V. cholerae strains and typically includes inputs from external signals and cues, such as quorum sensing and chitin availability. In the following review, we highlight the repertoire of toxic T6SS effectors and the diverse genetic regulation networks among different isolates of V. cholerae. Finally, we discuss the roles played by the T6SS of V. cholerae in both natural environments and hosts.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Type VI Secretion Systems; Vibrio cholerae
PubMed: 32133757
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14976 -
Microbiology Spectrum Apr 2016Infectious diseases kill nearly 9 million people annually. Bacterial pathogens are responsible for a large proportion of these diseases, and the bacterial agents of... (Review)
Review
Infectious diseases kill nearly 9 million people annually. Bacterial pathogens are responsible for a large proportion of these diseases, and the bacterial agents of pneumonia, diarrhea, and tuberculosis are leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Increasingly, the crucial role of nonhost environments in the life cycle of bacterial pathogens is being recognized. Heightened scrutiny has been given to the biological processes impacting pathogen dissemination and survival in the natural environment, because these processes are essential for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria to new hosts. This chapter focuses on the model environmental pathogen Vibrio cholerae to describe recent advances in our understanding of how pathogens survive between hosts and to highlight the processes necessary to support the cycle of environmental survival, transmission, and dissemination. We describe the physiological and molecular responses of V. cholerae to changing environmental conditions, focusing on its survival in aquatic reservoirs between hosts and its entry into and exit from human hosts.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Cholera; Disease Outbreaks; Environmental Microbiology; Humans; Microbial Viability; Stress, Physiological; Vibrio cholerae
PubMed: 27227302
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.VMBF-0015-2015 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2019Seafood products are widely consumed all around the world and play a significant role on the economic market. Bacteria of the Vibrio genus can contaminate seafood and... (Review)
Review
Vibrio species involved in seafood-borne outbreaks (Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus): Review of microbiological versus recent molecular detection methods in seafood products.
Seafood products are widely consumed all around the world and play a significant role on the economic market. Bacteria of the Vibrio genus can contaminate seafood and thus pose a risk to human health. Three main Vibrio species, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, are potentially pathogenic to humans. These species are responsible for a dramatic increase of seafood-borne infections worldwide. Hence, early detection of total and pathogenic Vibrio is needed and should rely on quick and effective methods. This review aims to present the standard methods FDA-BAM, ISO/TS 21872-1:2007 and TS 21872-2:2007 and compare them to recent molecular biology methods including endpoint PCR, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and PCR-derived methods with a focus on LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification). The available methods presented here are dedicated to the detection and identification of the Vibrio species of interest in seafood.
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; Disease Outbreaks; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seafood; Vibrio; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 28956623
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1384715 -
Trends in Microbiology Oct 2020
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Humans; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 32931744
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.008 -
Environmental Microbiology Oct 2020In the marine environment, bivalve mollusks constitute habitats for bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family. Vibrios belong to the microbiota of healthy oysters and mussels,... (Review)
Review
In the marine environment, bivalve mollusks constitute habitats for bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family. Vibrios belong to the microbiota of healthy oysters and mussels, which have the ability to concentrate bacteria in their tissues and body fluids, including the hemolymph. Remarkably, these important aquaculture species respond differently to infectious diseases. While oysters are the subject of recurrent mass mortalities at different life stages, mussels appear rather resistant to infections. Thus, Vibrio species are associated with the main diseases affecting the worldwide oyster production. Here, we review the current knowledge on Vibrio-bivalve interaction in oysters (Crassostrea sp.) and mussels (Mytilus sp.). We discuss the transient versus stable associations of vibrios with their bivalve hosts as well as technical issues limiting the monitoring of these bacteria in bivalve health and disease. Based on the current knowledge of oyster/mussel immunity and their interactions with Vibrio species pathogenic for oyster, we discuss how differences in immune effectors could contribute to the higher resistance of mussels to infections. Finally, we review the multiple strategies evolved by pathogenic vibrios to circumvent the potent immune defences of bivalves and how key virulence mechanisms could have been positively or negatively selected in the marine environment through interactions with predators.
Topics: Animals; Crassostrea; Hemolymph; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Microbiota; Mytilus; Vibrio
PubMed: 32363732
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15055 -
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 2020is a large and diverse genus of bacteria, of which most are nonpathogenic species found in the aquatic environment. However, a subset of the genus includes several... (Review)
Review
is a large and diverse genus of bacteria, of which most are nonpathogenic species found in the aquatic environment. However, a subset of the genus includes several species that are highly pathogenic, either to humans or to aquatic animals. In recent years, , commonly known as the zebrafish, has emerged as a major animal model used for studying nearly every aspect of biology, including infectious diseases. Zebrafish are especially useful because the embryos are transparent, larvae are small and facilitate imaging studies, and numerous transgenic fish strains have been constructed. Zebrafish models for several pathogenic species have been described, and indeed a fish model is highly relevant for the study of aquatic bacterial pathogens. Here, we summarize the zebrafish models that have been used to study pathogenic species to date.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Virulence; Zebrafish
PubMed: 32778562
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00165-20 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Feb 2019Mounting evidence suggests that Type 3 Secretion Systems (T3SS) are widespread among Vibrio species, and are present in strains isolated from diverse sources such as... (Review)
Review
Mounting evidence suggests that Type 3 Secretion Systems (T3SS) are widespread among Vibrio species, and are present in strains isolated from diverse sources such as human clinical infections, environmental reservoirs, and diseased marine life. Experiments evaluating Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae T3SS mediated virulence suggest that Vibrio T3SS pathogenicity islands have a tripartite composition. A conserved 'core' region encodes functions essential for colonization and disease in vivo, including modulation of innate immune signaling pathways and actin dynamics, whereas regions flanking core sequences are variable among strains and encode effector proteins performing a diverse array of activities. Characterizing novel functions associated with Vibrio-specific effectors is, therefore, essential for understanding how vibrios employ T3SS mechanisms to cause disease in a broad range of hosts and how T3SS island composition potentially defines species-specific disease.
Topics: Animals; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immune Evasion; Type III Secretion Systems; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30711745
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.12.001 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jun 2017Photobacterium species are Gram-negative coccobacilli which are distributed in marine habitats worldwide. Some species are unique because of their capability to produce... (Review)
Review
Photobacterium species are Gram-negative coccobacilli which are distributed in marine habitats worldwide. Some species are unique because of their capability to produce luminescence. Taxonomically, about 23 species and 2 subspecies are validated to date. Genomes from a few Photobacterium spp. have been sequenced and studied. They are considered a special group of bacteria because some species are capable of producing essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, antibacterial compounds, lipases, esterases and asparaginases. They are also used as biosensors in food and environmental monitoring and detectors of drown victim, as well as an important symbiont.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biosensing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Ecosystem; Genome, Bacterial; Luminescence; Photobacterium; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Symbiosis
PubMed: 28497204
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8300-y