-
Molekuliarnaia Biologiia 2018The origin of bioluminescence in living organisms was first mentioned by Charles Darwin (1859) and remains obscure despite significant success achieved over the past... (Review)
Review
The origin of bioluminescence in living organisms was first mentioned by Charles Darwin (1859) and remains obscure despite significant success achieved over the past decades. Here we discuss the mechanisms of bacterial bioluminescence. We have the main results from structural and functional analysis of the genes of lux operons, enzymes (luciferase), and mechanisms of bioluminescence in several species of marine bacteria, which belong to three genera, Vibrio, Aliivibrio, and Photobacterium (A. fischeri, V. harveyi, P. leiognathi, and P. phosphoreum), and in terrestrial bacteria of the genus Photorhabdus (Ph. luminescens). The structure and mechanisms for the regulation of the expression of the lux operons are discussed. The fundamental characteristics of luciferase and luciferase-catalyzed reactions (stages of FMNH2 and tetradecanal oxidation, dimensional structure, as well as folding and refolding of the macromolecule) are described. We also discuss the main concepts of the origin of bacterial bioluminescence and its role in the ecology of modern marine fauna, including its involvement in the processes of detoxification of the reactive oxygen species and DNA repair, as well as the bait hypothesis.
Topics: Aliivibrio; Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Luciferases; Luminescence; Operon; Photobacterium; Vibrio
PubMed: 30633237
DOI: 10.1134/S0026898418060186 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2015Similar to other genera and species of bacteria, whole genomic sequencing has revolutionized how we think about and address questions of basic Vibrio biology. In this... (Review)
Review
Similar to other genera and species of bacteria, whole genomic sequencing has revolutionized how we think about and address questions of basic Vibrio biology. In this review we examined 36 completely sequenced and annotated members of the Vibrionaceae family, encompassing 12 different species of the genera Vibrio, Aliivibrio, and Photobacterium. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among representatives of this group of bacteria by using three housekeeping genes and 16S rRNA sequences. With an evolutionary framework in place, we describe the occurrence and distribution of primary and alternative sigma factors, global regulators present in all bacteria. Among Vibrio we show that the number and function of many of these sigma factors differs from species to species. We also describe the role of the Vibrio-specific regulator ToxRS in fitness and survival. Examination of the biochemical capabilities was and still is the foundation of classifying and identifying new Vibrio species. Using comparative genomics, we examine the distribution of carbon utilization patterns among Vibrio species as a possible marker for understanding bacteria-host interactions. Finally, we discuss the significant role that horizontal gene transfer, specifically, the distribution and structure of integrons, has played in Vibrio evolution.
Topics: Aliivibrio; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genes, Essential; Genes, Regulator; Genetic Variation; Genome, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Photobacterium; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sigma Factor; Vibrio
PubMed: 26542048
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.VE-0009-2014 -
International Microbiology : the... Mar 2017The genus Photobacterium, one of the eight genera included in the family Vibrionaceae, contains 27 species with valid names and it has received attention because of the... (Review)
Review
The genus Photobacterium, one of the eight genera included in the family Vibrionaceae, contains 27 species with valid names and it has received attention because of the bioluminescence and pathogenesis mechanisms that some of its species exhibit. However, the taxonomy and phylogeny of this genus are not completely elucidated; for example, P. logei and P. fischeri are now considered members of the genus Aliivibrio, and previously were included in the genus Vibrio. In addition, P. damselae subsp. piscicida was formed as a new combination for former Vibrio damsela and Pasteurella piscicida. Moreover, P. damselae subsp. damselae is an earlier heterotypic synonym of P. histaminum. To avoid these incovenences draft and complete genomic sequences of members of Photobacterium are increasingly becoming available and their use is now routine for many research laboratories to address diverse goals: species delineation with overall genomic indexes, phylogenetic analyses, comparative genomics, and phenotypic inference. The habitats and isolation source of the Photobacterium species include seawater, sea sediments, saline lake waters, and a variety of marine organisms with which the photobacteria establish different relationships, from symbiosis to pathogenic interactions. Several species of this genus contain bioluminescent strains in symbiosis with marine fish and cephalopods; in addition, other species enhance its growth at pressures above 1 atmosphere, by means of several high-pressure adaptation mechanisms and for this, they may be considered as piezophilic (former barophilic) bacteria. Until now, only P. jeanii, P. rosenbergii, P. sanctipauli, and the two subspecies of P. damselae have been reported as responsible agents of several pathologies on animal hosts, such as corals, sponges, fish and homeothermic animals. In this review we have revised and updated the taxonomy, ecology and pathogenicity of several members of this genus. [Int Microbiol 20(1): 1-10 (2017)].
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Photobacterium; Phylogeny; Symbiosis
PubMed: 28581017
DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.280 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2015The tissue, skeleton, and secreted mucus of corals supports a highly dynamic and diverse community of microbes, which play a major role in the health status of corals... (Review)
Review
The tissue, skeleton, and secreted mucus of corals supports a highly dynamic and diverse community of microbes, which play a major role in the health status of corals such as the provision of essential nutrients or the metabolism of waste products. However, members of the Vibrio genus are prominent as causative agents of disease in corals. The aim of this chapter is to review our understanding of the spectrum of disease effects displayed by coral-associated vibrios, with a particular emphasis on the few species where detailed studies of pathogenicity have been conducted. The role of Vibrio shilonii in seasonal bleaching of Oculina patagonica and the development of the coral probiotic hypothesis is reviewed, pointing to unanswered questions about this phenomenon. Detailed consideration is given to studies of V. coralliilyticus and related pathogens and changes in the dominance of vibrios associated with coral bleaching. Other Vibrio-associated disease syndromes discussed include yellow band/blotch disease and tissue necrosis in temperate gorgonian corals. The review includes analysis of the role of enzymes, resistance to oxidative stress, and quorum sensing in virulence of coral-associated vibrios. The review concludes that we should probably regard most-possibly all-vibrios as "opportunistic" pathogens which, under certain environmental conditions, are capable of overwhelming the defense mechanisms of appropriate hosts, leading to rapid growth and tissue destruction.
Topics: Animals; Anthozoa; Vibrio
PubMed: 26350314
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.VE-0006-2014 -
Research in Microbiology Dec 2014
Topics: Animals; Environmental Microbiology; Humans; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 25463383
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.10.009 -
Microbial Ecology Oct 2020Bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio are major carbon cycle drivers in marine and estuarine environments. As is the case for most carbon cycle participants, the... (Review)
Review
Bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio are major carbon cycle drivers in marine and estuarine environments. As is the case for most carbon cycle participants, the vibrios metabolize degradable compounds such as sugars and amino acids; they can also degrade some more recalcitrant compounds including hydrocarbons and lignins. Several vibrios are symbionts and even fewer are pathogenic for animals, including humans and marine animals and plants. This paper reviews Vibrio ecology, metabolism, and survival, and it also discusses select vibrios-V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. coralliilyticus, V. cortegadensis, V. fischeri, V. harveyi, V. harveyi var. carahariae, V. ordalii, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus.
Topics: Carbon; Carbon Cycle; Life History Traits; Symbiosis; Vibrio
PubMed: 32440699
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01524-7 -
Current Microbiology Dec 2021Currently, over 190 species in family Vibrionaceae, including not-yet-cultured taxa, have been described and classified into over nine genera, in which the number of...
Currently, over 190 species in family Vibrionaceae, including not-yet-cultured taxa, have been described and classified into over nine genera, in which the number of species has doubled compared to the previous vibrio evolutionary update (Vibrio Clade 2.0) (Sawabe et al. 2014). In this study, "Vibrio Clade 3.0," the second update of the molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed based on nucleotide sequences of eight housekeeping genes (8-HKGs) retrieved from genome sequences, including 22 newly determined genomes. A total of 51 distinct clades were observed, of which 21 clades are newly described. We further evaluated the delineation powers of the clade classification based on nucleotide sequences of 34 single-copy genes and 11 ribosomal protein genes (11-RPGs) retrieved from core-genome sequences; however, the delineation power of 8-HKGs is still high and that gene set can be reliably used for the classification and identification of Vibrionaceae. Furthermore, the 11-RPGs set proved to be useful in identifying uncultured species among metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) and/or single-cell genome-assembled genome (SAG) pools. This study expands the awareness of the diversity and evolutionary history of the family Vibrionaceae and accelerates the taxonomic applications in classifying as not-yet-cultured taxa among MAGs and SAGs.
Topics: Base Sequence; Genome, Bacterial; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vibrio; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 34905112
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02725-0 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2023The Vibrionaceae is a highly diverse family of aquatic bacteria. Some members of this ubiquitous group can cause a variety of diseases in humans ranging from cholera...
The Vibrionaceae is a highly diverse family of aquatic bacteria. Some members of this ubiquitous group can cause a variety of diseases in humans ranging from cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae, severe septicemia caused by Vibrio vulnificus, to acute gastroenteritis by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Planet Earth is experiencing unprecedented changes of planetary scale associated with climate change. These environmental perturbations paired with overpopulation and pollution are increasing the distribution of pathogenic Vibrios and exacerbating the risk of causing infections. In this chapter, we discuss various aspects of Vibrio infections within the context of the twenty-first century with a major emphasis on the aforementioned pathogenic species. Overall, we believe that the twenty-first century is posed to be both one full of challenges due to the rise of these pathogens, and also a catalyst for innovative and groundbreaking discoveries.
Topics: Humans; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Cholera
PubMed: 36792868
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_1 -
Environmental Microbiology Oct 2020Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic pathogen able to cause diseases in humans and fish that occasionally result in sepsis and death. Most reviews about this pathogen... (Review)
Review
Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic pathogen able to cause diseases in humans and fish that occasionally result in sepsis and death. Most reviews about this pathogen (including those related to its ecology) are clearly biased towards its role as a human pathogen, emphasizing its relationship with oysters as its main reservoir, the role of the known virulence factors as well as the clinic and the epidemiology of the human disease. This review tries to give to the reader a wider vision of the biology of this pathogen covering aspects related to its phylogeny and evolution and filling the gaps in our understanding of the general strategies that V. vulnificus uses to survive outside and inside its two main hosts, the human and the eel, and how its response to specific environmental parameters determines its survival, its death, or the triggering of an infectious process.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Humans; Life Cycle Stages; Phylogeny; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 32567215
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15137 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2023When the first microbial genome sequences were published just 20 years ago, our understanding regarding the microbial world changed dramatically. The genomes of the... (Review)
Review
When the first microbial genome sequences were published just 20 years ago, our understanding regarding the microbial world changed dramatically. The genomes of the first pathogenic vibrios sequenced, including Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus revealed a functional and phylogenetic diversity previously unimagined as well as a genome structure indelibly shaped by horizontal gene transfer. The initial glimpses into these organisms also revealed a genomic plasticity that allowed these bacteria to thrive in challenging and varied aquatic and marine environments, but critically also a suite of pathogenicity attributes. In this review we outline how our understanding of vibrios has changed over the last two decades with the advent of genomics and advances in bioinformatic and data analysis techniques, it has become possible to provide a more cohesive understanding regarding these bacteria: how these pathogens have evolved and emerged from environmental sources, their evolutionary routes through time and space, how they interact with other bacteria and the human host, as well as initiate disease. We outline novel approaches to the use of whole genome sequencing for this important group of bacteria and how new sequencing technologies may be applied to study these organisms in future studies.
Topics: Humans; Phylogeny; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 36792883
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_16