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International Journal of Food... Jun 2024The presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in different production stages of seafood has generated negative impacts on both public health and the sustainability of the... (Review)
Review
The presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in different production stages of seafood has generated negative impacts on both public health and the sustainability of the industry. To further better investigate the fitness of Vp at the phenotypical level, a great number of studies have been conducted in recent years using plate counting methods. In the meantime, with the increasing accessibility of the next generation sequencing and the advances in analytical chemistry techniques, omics-oriented biotechnologies have further advanced our knowledge in the survival and virulence mechanisms of Vp at various molecular levels. These observations provide insights to guide the development of novel prevention and control strategies and benefit the monitoring and mitigation of food safety risks associated with Vp contamination. To timely capture these recent advances, this review firstly summarizes the most recent phenotypical level studies and provide insights about the survival of Vp under important in vitro stresses and on aquatic products. After that, molecular survival mechanisms of Vp at transcriptomic and proteomic levels are summarized and discussed. Looking forward, other newer omics-biotechnology such as metabolomics and secretomics show great potential to be used for confirming the cellular responses of Vp. Powerful data mining tools from the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence, that can better utilize the omics data and solve complex problems in the processing, analysis, and interpretation of omics data, will further improve our mechanistic understanding of Vp.
Topics: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Seafood; Proteomics; Virulence; Food Microbiology; Humans; Transcriptome; Animals
PubMed: 38631283
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110691 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2019Synthetic monorhamnolipids differ from biologically produced material because they are produced as single congeners, depending on the β-hydroxyalkanoic acid used during...
Synthetic monorhamnolipids differ from biologically produced material because they are produced as single congeners, depending on the β-hydroxyalkanoic acid used during synthesis. Each congener is produced as one of four possible diastereomers resulting from two chiral centers at the carbinols of the lipid tails [(R,R), (R,S), (S,R) and (S,S)]. We compare the biodegradability (CO respirometry), acute toxicity (Microtox assay), embryo toxicity (Zebrafish assay), and cytotoxicity (xCELLigence and MTS assays) of synthetic rhamnosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoate (Rha-C10-C10) monorhamnolipids against biosynthesized monorhamnolipid mixtures (bio-mRL). All Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL were inherently biodegradable ranging from 34 to 92% mineralized. The Microtox assay showed all Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL are slightly toxic according to the US EPA ecotoxicity categories with 5 min EC values ranging from 39.6 to 87.5 μM. The zebrafish assay showed that of 22 developmental endpoints tested, only mortality was observed at 120 h post fertilization; all Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL caused significant mortality at 640 μM, except the Rha-C10-C10 (R,R) which showed no developmental effects. xCELLigence and MTS showed IC values ranging from 103.4 to 191.1 μM for human lung cell line H1299 after 72 h exposure. These data provide key information regarding Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers that is pertinent when considering potential applications.
Topics: Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cell Line; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Embryonic Development; Glycolipids; Humans; Luminescent Measurements; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Stereoisomerism; Surface-Active Agents; Vibrionaceae; Zebrafish
PubMed: 30390580
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.050 -
Marine Drugs Dec 2016Chitinolytic microorganisms secrete a range of chitin modifying enzymes, which can be exploited for production of chitin derived products or as fungal or pest control...
Chitinolytic microorganisms secrete a range of chitin modifying enzymes, which can be exploited for production of chitin derived products or as fungal or pest control agents. Here, we explored the potential of 11 marine bacteria (, ) for chitin degradation using in silico and phenotypic assays. Of 10 chitinolytic strains, three strains, S2753, S2040 and S2724, produced large clearing zones on chitin plates. All strains were antifungal, but against different fungal targets. One strain, S2040, had a pronounced antifungal activity against all seven fungal strains. There was no correlation between the number of chitin modifying enzymes as found by genome mining and the chitin degrading activity as measured by size of clearing zones on chitin agar. Based on in silico and in vitro analyses, we cloned and expressed two ChiA-like chitinases from the two most potent candidates to exemplify the industrial potential.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Chitin; Chitinases; Marine Biology; Pseudoalteromonas; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 27999269
DOI: 10.3390/md14120230 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2018is a widespread family of aquatic bacteria that includes emerging pathogens and symbionts. Many harbor a type VI secretion system (T6SS), which is a secretion...
is a widespread family of aquatic bacteria that includes emerging pathogens and symbionts. Many harbor a type VI secretion system (T6SS), which is a secretion apparatus used to deliver toxins, termed effectors, into neighboring cells. T6SSs mediate both antibacterial and anti-eukaryotic activities. Notably, antibacterial effectors are encoded together with a gene that encodes a cognate immunity protein so as to antagonize the toxicity of the effector. The MIX (Marker for type sIX effectors) domain has been previously defined as a marker of T6SS effectors carrying polymorphic C-terminal toxins. Here, we set out to identify the MIX-effector repertoire and to analyze the various toxin domains they carry. We used a computational approach to search for the MIX-effectors in the genomes, and grouped them into clusters based on the C-terminal toxin domains. We classified MIX-effectors as either antibacterial or anti-eukaryotic, based on the presence or absence of adjacent putative immunity genes, respectively. Antibacterial MIX-effectors carrying pore-forming, phospholipase, nuclease, peptidoglycan hydrolase, and protease activities were found. Furthermore, we uncovered novel virulence MIX-effectors. These are encoded by "professional MIXologist" strains that employ a cocktail of antibacterial and anti-eukaryotic MIX-effectors. Our findings suggest that certain adapted their antibacterial T6SS to mediate interactions with eukaryotic hosts or predators.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aquatic Organisms; Bacterial Proteins; Computational Biology; Eukaryota; Host Microbial Interactions; Protein Domains; Type VI Secretion Systems; Vibrionaceae; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30400344
DOI: 10.3390/md16110433 -
Environmental Microbiology Jul 2023Bacterial populations communicate using quorum-sensing (QS) molecules and switch on QS regulation to engage in coordinated behaviour such as biofilm formation or...
Bacterial populations communicate using quorum-sensing (QS) molecules and switch on QS regulation to engage in coordinated behaviour such as biofilm formation or virulence. The marine fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum harbours several QS systems, and our understanding of its QS regulation is still fragmentary. Here, we identify the VanT-QS regulon and explore the diversity and trajectory of traits under QS regulation in Vibrio anguillarum through comparative transcriptomics of two wildtype strains and their corresponding mutants artificially locked in QS-on (ΔvanO) or QS-off (ΔvanT) states. Intriguingly, the two wildtype populations showed different QS responses to cell density changes and operated primarily in the QS-on and QS-off spectrum, respectively. Examining 27 V. anguillarum strains revealed that ~11% were QS-negative, and GFP-reporter measurements of nine QS-positive strains revealed a highly strain-specific nature of the QS responses. We showed that QS controls a plethora of genes involved in processes such as central metabolism, biofilm formation, competence, T6SS, and virulence properties in V. anguillarum, with large strain-specific differences. Moreover, we demonstrated that the QS state is an important driver of virulence towards fish larvae in one of two V. anguillarum strains. We speculate that infections by mixed-strain communities spanning diverse QS strategies optimize the infection efficiency of the pathogen.
Topics: Vibrio; Animals; Fishes; Fish Diseases; Vibrio Infections; Species Specificity; Quorum Sensing; Regulon; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 36807464
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16356 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2023Vibrio species are waterborne ubiquitous organisms capable of causing diseases in humans and animals and the occurrence of infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vibrio species are waterborne ubiquitous organisms capable of causing diseases in humans and animals and the occurrence of infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species among humans have increased globally. This reemergence is attributed to environmental impacts such as global warming and pollution. Africa is most vulnerable to waterborne infections caused by these pathogens because of lack of good water stewardship and management. This study was carried out to provide an in-depth inquiry into the occurrence of pathogenic Vibrio species in water sources and wastewater across Africa. In this regard, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching five databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Springer Search and African Journals Online (AJOL). The search yielded 70 articles on pathogenic Vibrio species presence in African aquatic environments that fit our inclusion criteria. Based on the random effects model, the pooled prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species in various water sources in Africa was 37.6 % (95 % CI: 27.7-48.0). Eighteen countries were represented by the systematically assessed studies and their nationwide prevalence in descending order was: Nigeria (79.82 %), Egypt (47.5 %), Tanzania (45.8 %), Morocco (44.8), South Africa (40.6 %), Uganda (32.1 %), Cameroon (24.5 %), Burkina Faso (18.9 %) and Ghana (5.9 %). Furthermore, 8 pathogenic Vibrio species were identified across water bodies in Africa with the highest detection for V. cholerae (59.5 %), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (10.4 %), V.alginolyticus (9.8 %), V. vulnificus (8.5 %), V. fluvialis (6.6 %), V. mimicus (4.6 %), V. harveyi (0.5 %) and V. metschnikovii (0.1 %). Evidently, pathogenic Vibrio species occurrence in these water sources especially freshwater corroborates the continuous outbreaks observed in Africa. Therefore, there is an urgent need for proactive measures and continuous monitoring of water sources used for various purposes across Africa and proper treatment of wastewater before discharge into water bodies.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Wastewater; Water; Vibrio; Vibrio cholerae; Burkina Faso
PubMed: 37028683
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163332 -
BMC Genomics Jun 2020In bacteria, pan-genomes are the result of an evolutionary "tug of war" between selection and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). High rates of HGT increase the genetic pool...
BACKGROUND
In bacteria, pan-genomes are the result of an evolutionary "tug of war" between selection and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). High rates of HGT increase the genetic pool and the effective population size (N), resulting in open pan-genomes. In contrast, selective pressures can lead to local adaptation by purging the variation introduced by HGT and mutation, resulting in closed pan-genomes and clonal lineages. In this study, we explored both hypotheses, elucidating the pan-genome of Vibrionaceae isolates after a perturbation event in the endangered oasis of Cuatro Ciénegas Basin (CCB), Mexico, and looking for signals of adaptation to the environments in their genomes.
RESULTS
We obtained 42 genomes of Vibrionaceae distributed in six lineages, two of them did not showed any close reference strain in databases. Five of the lineages showed closed pan-genomes and were associated to either water or sediment environment; their high N estimates suggest that these lineages are not from a recent origin. The only clade with an open pan-genome was found in both environments and was formed by ten genetic groups with low N, suggesting a recent origin. The recombination and mutation estimators (r/m) ranged from 0.005 to 2.725, which are similar to oceanic Vibrionaceae estimations. However, we identified 367 gene families with signals of positive selection, most of them found in the core genome; suggesting that despite recombination, natural selection moves the Vibrionaceae CCB lineages to local adaptation, purging the genomes and keeping closed pan-genome patterns. Moreover, we identify 598 SNPs associated with an unstructured environment; some of the genes associated with these SNPs were related to sodium transport.
CONCLUSIONS
Different lines of evidence suggest that the sampled Vibrionaceae, are part of the rare biosphere usually living under famine conditions. Two of these lineages were reported for the first time. Most Vibrionaceae lineages of CCB are adapted to their micro-habitats rather than to the sampled environments. This pattern of adaptation is concordant with the association of closed pan-genomes and local adaptation.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genetics, Population; Genome, Bacterial; Multigene Family; Mutation; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population Density; Selection, Genetic; Vibrionaceae; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 32571204
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06829-y -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Nov 2020Oyster and seawater samples were collected from five sites in the Chesapeake Bay, MD, and three sites in the Delaware Bay, DE, from May to October 2016 and 2017....
Seasonal and Geographical Differences in Total and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Levels in Seawater and Oysters from the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays Determined Using Several Methods.
Oyster and seawater samples were collected from five sites in the Chesapeake Bay, MD, and three sites in the Delaware Bay, DE, from May to October 2016 and 2017. Abundances and detection frequencies for total and pathogenic and were compared using the standard most-probable-number-PCR (MPN-PCR) assay and a direct-plating (DP) method on CHROMagar Vibrio for total ( ) and pathogenic ( and ) genes and total () and pathogenic () genes. The colony overlay procedure for peptidases (COPP) assay was evaluated for total DP had high false-negative rates (14 to 77%) for most PCR targets and was deemed unsatisfactory. Logistic regression models of the COPP assay showed high concordances with MPN-PCR for and and in oysters (85.7 to 90.9%) and seawater (81.1 to 92.7%) when seawater temperature and salinity were factored into the model, suggesting that the COPP assay could potentially serve as a more rapid method to detect vibrios in oysters and seawater. Differences in total and pathogenic abundances between state sampling sites over different collection years were contrasted for oysters and seawater by MPN-PCR. Abundances of and were ∼8-fold higher in Delaware oysters than in Maryland oysters, whereas abundances of were nearly identical. For Delaware oysters, 93.5% were both and , compared to only 19.2% in Maryland. These results indicate that pathogenic was more prevalent in the Delaware Bay than in the Chesapeake Bay. While and cause shellfish-associated morbidity and mortality among shellfish consumers, current regulatory assays for vibrios are complex, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and relatively expensive. In this study, the rapid, simple, and inexpensive COPP assay was identified as a possible alternative to MPN-PCR for shellfish monitoring. This paper shows differences in total and pathogenic vibrios found in seawater and oysters from the commercially important Delaware and Chesapeake Bays. isolates from the Delaware Bay were more likely to contain commonly recognized pathogenicity genes than those from the Chesapeake Bay.
Topics: Animals; Bays; Colony Count, Microbial; Delaware; Geography; Maryland; Ostreidae; Seasons; Seawater; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 32978135
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01581-20 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jul 2018Quorum sensing is a vital property of bacteria that enables community-wide coordination of collective behaviors. A key example of such a behavior is biofilm formation,... (Review)
Review
Quorum sensing is a vital property of bacteria that enables community-wide coordination of collective behaviors. A key example of such a behavior is biofilm formation, in which groups of bacteria invest in synthesizing a protective, joint extracellular matrix. Quorum sensing involves the production, release, and subsequent detection of extracellular signaling molecules called autoinducers. The architecture of quorum-sensing signal transduction pathways is highly variable among different species of bacteria, but frequently involves posttranscriptional regulation carried out by small regulatory RNA molecules. This review illustrates the diverse roles small -acting regulatory RNAs can play, from constituting a network's core to auxiliary roles in adjusting the rate of autoinducer synthesis, mediating cross talk among different parts of a network, or integrating different regulatory inputs to trigger appropriate changes in gene expression. The emphasis is on describing how the study of small RNA-based regulation in quorum sensing and biofilm formation has uncovered new general properties or expanded our understanding of bacterial riboregulation.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Quorum Sensing; RNA, Bacterial; Signal Transduction; Staphylococcus aureus; Transcriptome; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 30003870
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.RWR-0017-2018 -
Marine Environmental Research Feb 2020Here we briefly review the major characteristics of the emerging pathogen Vibrio harveyi and discuss survival strategies and adaptation mechanisms underlying the... (Review)
Review
Here we briefly review the major characteristics of the emerging pathogen Vibrio harveyi and discuss survival strategies and adaptation mechanisms underlying the capacity of this marine bacterium to thrive in natural and artificial aquatic settings. Recent studies suggest that some adaptation mechanisms can easily be acquired by V. harveyi and other members of the Vibrionaceae family owing to efficient horizontal gene transfer and elevated mutation rate. While discussing the main factors in charge of the expansion of Vibrio spp. habitats and concomitant spread of Vibrio-associated diseases under climate change, this review highlights the need for future studies able to address the joint impact of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the long-term dynamics and virulence of V. harveyi populations at the global scale.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Climate Change; Humans; Vibrio; Virulence
PubMed: 32056705
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104850