-
BMC Oral Health Jun 2023Streptococcus, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces are acidogenic aciduria that may be associated with root caries (RC). The aim of the study was to analyze...
BACKGROUND
Streptococcus, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces are acidogenic aciduria that may be associated with root caries (RC). The aim of the study was to analyze Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) in the saliva of nursing home elderly, to assess the correlation between bacterial composition and RC for five putative catiogenic organisms.
METHODS
In this study, we collected 43 saliva samples and divided into two groups: the root caries group (RCG, n = 21) and the caries-free group (CFG, n = 22). Bacterial DNA was extracted from the saliva samples. The presence and abundance of the five microorganisms were detected by Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Spearman correlation test was performed to evaluate the relationship between the numbers of root decayed filled surfaces (RDFS) and root caries index (RCI) and salivary levels of the bacteria.
RESULTS
The salivary levels of S. mutans, S. sobrinus, Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly higher in RCG than in CFG (p < 0.05). RDFS and RCI (RDFS/RCI) were positively associated with salivary levels of S. mutans, S. sobrinus and Bifidobacterium spp. (r = 0.658/0.635, r = 0.465/0.420 and r = 0.407/0.406, respectively). No significant differences in presence and amounts of A. naeslundii was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
S. mutans, S. sobrinus and Bifidobacterium spp. in saliva appear to be associated with RC in the elderly. Taken together, the findings indicate that specific salivary bacteria may be involved in the progression of RC.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Root Caries; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sobrinus; Dental Caries; Saliva; Nursing Homes
PubMed: 37270529
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02953-9 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jul 2014
Topics: Bacteremia; Decision Support Techniques; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Neutropenia; Streptococcal Infections; Viridans Streptococci; beta-Lactam Resistance
PubMed: 24755859
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu264 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Aug 2018
Meta-Analysis Review
Topics: Bacteremia; Disease Management; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Neutropenia; Streptococcal Infections; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 29559393
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.03.012 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Sep 2021Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are an important cause of sepsis in immunosuppressed children. We reviewed the effectiveness of risk-stratified addition of vancomycin... (Review)
Review
Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are an important cause of sepsis in immunosuppressed children. We reviewed the effectiveness of risk-stratified addition of vancomycin to empiric febrile neutropenia therapy among 107 children with leukemia or undergoing an allogeneic transplant. Of 19 VGS bacteremia episodes, 78.9% were susceptible to risk-stratified antibiotics including 100% from high-risk patients. All blood cultures were flagged positive within 24 hours.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Febrile Neutropenia; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Vancomycin; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 34285167
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003210 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Apr 2019Mechanisms underlying systemic infections by oral species of Mitis (Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis) and Sanguinis (Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus...
PURPOSE
Mechanisms underlying systemic infections by oral species of Mitis (Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis) and Sanguinis (Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis) commensal streptococci are poorly understood. This study investigates profiles of susceptibility to complement-mediated host immunity in representative strains of these four species, which were isolated from oral sites or from the bloodstream.
METHODOLOGY
Deposition of complement opsonins (C3b/iC3b), and surface binding to C-reactive protein (CRP) and to IgG antibodies were quantified by flow cytometry in 34 strains treated with human serum (HS), and compared to rates of opsonophagocytosis by human PMN mediated by complement (CR1/3) and/or IgG Fc (FcγRII/III) receptors.
RESULTS
S. sanguinis strains showed reduced susceptibility to complement opsonization and low binding to CRP and to IgG compared to other species. Surface levels of C3b/iC3b in S. sanguinis strains were 4.5- and 7.8-fold lower than that observed in S. gordonii and Mitis strains, respectively. Diversity in C3b/iC3b deposition was evident among Mitis species, in which C3b/iC3b deposition was significantly associated with CR/FcγR-dependent opsonophagocytosis by PMN (P<0.05). Importantly, S. gordonii and Mitis group strains isolated from systemic infections showed resistance to complement opsonization when compared to oral isolates of the respective species (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study establishes species-specific profiles of susceptibility to complement immunity in Mitis and Sanguinis streptococci, and indicates that strains associated with systemic infections have increased capacity to evade complement immunity. These findings highlight the need for studies identifying molecular functions involved in complement evasion in oral streptococci.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; C-Reactive Protein; Complement C3b; Genetic Variation; Humans; Immune Evasion; Immunoglobulin G; Mouth; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gordonii; Streptococcus mitis; Streptococcus sanguis; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 30843785
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000955 -
Journal of Dental Research Oct 2023Dental caries is a common disease affecting quality of life globally. In the present study, we found that a bacteriophage lysin LysP53 against possesses selective...
Dental caries is a common disease affecting quality of life globally. In the present study, we found that a bacteriophage lysin LysP53 against possesses selective activity on , the main etiological agent of dental caries, even in low pH caries microenvironments, whereas only minor LysP53 activity was detected against , , and . Testing activity against planktonic cells showed that 4 μM LysP53 could kill more than 84% of within 1 min in buffer with optimal pHs ranging from 4.0 to 6.5. Daily application of LysP53 on biofilms formed in BHI medium supplemented or not with sucrose could reduce exopolysaccharides, expression of genes related to acid resistance and adhesion, and the number of live bacteria in the biofilms. LysP53 treatment also showed similar effects as 0.12% chlorhexidine in preventing enamel demineralization due to biofilms, as well as effective removal of colonization of tooth surfaces in mice without observed toxic effects. Because of its selective activity against main cariogenic bacteria and good activity in low pH caries microenvironments, it is advantageous to use LysP53 as an active agent for preventing caries.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Streptococcus mutans; Dental Caries; Quality of Life; Streptococcus sanguis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms
PubMed: 37698342
DOI: 10.1177/00220345231182675 -
BMC Oral Health Nov 2022Oral streptococci represent the causing microorganism for infective endocarditis (IE) in many patients. The impact of oral infections is questioned, and it has been...
BACKGROUND
Oral streptococci represent the causing microorganism for infective endocarditis (IE) in many patients. The impact of oral infections is questioned, and it has been suggested that bacteraemia due to daily routines may play a bigger part in the aetiology of IE. The aim of this study was to examine the association between oral health and infective endocarditis caused by oral bacteria in comparison with bacteria of other origin than the oral cavity.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted at Haukeland University Hospital from 2006- 2015. All consecutive adult patients admitted to hospital for treatment of IE and subjected to an oral focus screening including orthopantomogram, were included. The clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics of the patients, collected during oral infectious focus screening, were analysed. Patient survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier and mortality rates were compared using Cox-regression.
RESULTS
A total of 208 patients were included, 77% (n = 161) male patients and 23% (n = 47) female, mean age was 58 years. A total of 67 (32%) had IE caused by viridans streptococci. No statistically significant correlation could be found between signs of oral infection and IE caused by viridans streptococci. The overall mortality at 30 days was 4.3% (95% CI: 1.6-7.0). There was no statistical difference in mortality between IE caused by viridans streptococci or S. aureus (HRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.57-2.37, p = 0.680).
CONCLUSION
The study indicates that the association between origin of the IE causing bacteria and findings during oral infection screening might be uncertain and may suggest that the benefit of screening and elimination of oral infections in patients admitted with IE might be overestimated. However, the results should be interpreted with caution and further studies are needed before any definite conclusions can be drawn.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Staphylococcus aureus; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 36376875
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02509-3 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 2019Biofilm control is a critical approach to the better management of dental caries. Antimicrobial small molecules have shown their potential in the disruption of oral...
Biofilm control is a critical approach to the better management of dental caries. Antimicrobial small molecules have shown their potential in the disruption of oral biofilm and control of dental caries. The objectives of this study were to examine the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of a newly designed small-molecule compound, ZY354. ZY354 was synthesized, and its cytotoxicity was evaluated in human oral keratinocytes (HOK), human gingival epithelial cells (HGE), and macrophages (RAW) by CCK-8 assays. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), minimum biofilm inhibition concentrations (MBICs), and minimum biofilm reduction concentrations (MBRCs) of ZY354 against common oral streptococci (i.e., , , and ) were determined by microdilution method. The exopolysaccharide (EPS)/bacterium ratio and the dead/live bacterium ratio in the ZY354-treated multispecies biofilms were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the microbial composition was visualized and quantified by fluorescent hybridization and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The demineralizing activity of ZY354-treated biofilms was evaluated by transverse microradiography. The results showed that ZY354 exhibited low cytotoxicity in HOK, HGE, and RAW cells and exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against common oral streptococci. The EPS and the abundance of were significantly reduced after ZY354 treatment, along with an increased dead/live microbial ratio in multispecies biofilms compared to the level with the nontreated control. The ZY354-treated multispecies biofilms exhibited reduced demineralizing activity at the biofilm/enamel interface. In conclusion, the small-molecule compound ZY354 exhibits low cytotoxicity and remarkable antimicrobial activity against oral streptococci, and it may have a great potential in anticaries clinical applications.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Molecular Structure; Streptococcus; Streptococcus gordonii; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis
PubMed: 30858201
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02414-18 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Nov 2021A 77-year-old man developed peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Streptococcus oralis, a rare pathogen causing the disease. The infection, which was not... (Review)
Review
A 77-year-old man developed peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Streptococcus oralis, a rare pathogen causing the disease. The infection, which was not controlled by one-week intraperitoneal administration of cefazolin and ceftazidime, was cured only after switching to two-week intravenous administration of cefazolin and ceftazidime. The patient had no major dental disease or recent history of dental intervention. This case suggests that S. oralis might cause peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis with persistent systemic inflammation via an extra-oral infection route. The clinical course is discussed along with a review of the literature.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Male; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritonitis; Streptococcus oralis
PubMed: 34024849
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6234-20 -
Journal of the Pediatric Infectious... Jul 2023Levofloxacin prophylaxis (LVXp) is often used for patients with underlying leukemia and severe neutropenia to reduce the risk of fever and bacteremia. This study...
BACKGROUND
Levofloxacin prophylaxis (LVXp) is often used for patients with underlying leukemia and severe neutropenia to reduce the risk of fever and bacteremia. This study evaluated trends in viridans group streptococci (VGS) antibiotic susceptibilities over time and clinical outcomes of children with VGS bloodstream infections (BSIs) during institutional adoption of LVXp.
METHODS
VGS blood culture isolates between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2021 with susceptibility testing reported were included. Available isolates were re-identified to the species level and additional susceptibility testing was performed. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from medical records.
RESULTS
A total of 264 VGS BSI isolates were identified in immunocompromised (IC, n = 125) and non-immunocompromised subjects, (non-IC, n = 139). IC subjects had lower rates of VGS isolates susceptible (S) to LVX and higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) to LVX (p = 0.004) and ciprofloxacin (p = 0.0005) compared with non-IC subjects. No other evaluated antibiotic had increased MICs in either group. Fifteen of 19 (74%) LVX not susceptible (NS) isolates occurred in IC subjects, 13 represented breakthrough infections. IC subjects had higher rates of VGS-related shock (p = 0.012), need for pressor support (p = 0.039), and longer duration of hospitalization than non-IC subjects (p < 0.001). Clinical outcomes were comparable between subjects with LVX S and NS VGS BSI isolates.
CONCLUSIONS
VGS with reduced susceptibility to LVX emerged during institutional adoption of LVXp in high-risk children with immunocompromising conditions, but did not result in significant differences in clinical outcomes. Ongoing surveillance and susceptibility testing are critical in weighing the utility of LVXp against emerging antimicrobial resistance in this high-risk population.
Topics: Humans; Child; Levofloxacin; Streptococcal Infections; Viridans Streptococci; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37490409
DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad041