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PloS One 2023This study investigated the association between parental educational level and infant mortality using data from Vital Statistics and Census in Japan. We used the Census...
This study investigated the association between parental educational level and infant mortality using data from Vital Statistics and Census in Japan. We used the Census data in 2020 and birth and mortality data from the Vital Statistics from 2018 to 2021 in Japan. Data linkage was conducted between birth data and the Census to link the educational level with parents for birth data and between the birth data and mortality data to identify births that resulted in infant mortality. Four educational levels were compared: "junior high school," "high school," "technical school or junior college," and "university." A multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate an association between parental educational level and infant mortality using other risk factors as covariates. After the data linkage, data on 890,682 births were analyzed. The proportion of junior high school or high school graduates was higher among fathers and mothers for births with infant mortality compared with that among those for births without infant mortality; in contrast, the proportion of university graduates was lower for births with infant mortality than those without infant mortality. Regression analysis showed that mothers with junior high school or high school graduates were significantly and positively associated with infant mortality compared with those with university graduates. As a conclusion, lower educational level in mothers was positively associated with infant mortality, and it was shown that a difference in infant mortality depending on parental educational level existed in Japan.
Topics: Infant; Female; Humans; Japan; Censuses; Educational Status; Infant Mortality; Vital Statistics; Parents
PubMed: 37314992
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286530 -
NCHS Data Brief Feb 2021In 2019, suicide was the 10th leading cause of death for all ages in the United States (1). As the second leading cause of death for ages 10-34 and the fourth leading...
In 2019, suicide was the 10th leading cause of death for all ages in the United States (1). As the second leading cause of death for ages 10-34 and the fourth leading cause for ages 35-54, suicide is a major contributor to premature mortality (2). Recent reports have documented a steady increase in suicide rates over the past two decades (3-6). This Data Brief uses final mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System to update trends in suicide rates from 1999 through 2019 and to describe differences by sex, age group, and means of suicide.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Suicide, Completed; United States; Vital Statistics; Young Adult
PubMed: 33663651
DOI: No ID Found -
Colombia Medica (Cali, Colombia) Mar 2018To evaluate the quality of the certification of general death and cancer in Colombia.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the quality of the certification of general death and cancer in Colombia.
METHODS
Validity indicators were described for each province and the cities of Bogotá, Cali, Manizales, Pasto and Bucaramanga. A factorial analysis of principal components was carried out in order to identify non-obvious relationships.
RESULTS
Were analyzed 984,159 deaths, among them there were 164,542 deaths due to cancer. 93.7% of the general mortality was well certified. The predominant errors were signs, symptoms and ill-defined conditions. 92.8% of cancer mortality was well certified. The predominant errors were due to poorly defined cancer sites.
CONCLUSIONS
Certification of quality indicators in Colombia has improved. Given the good performance of the quality indicators for certificating general death and cancer, it is considered that this is a valid input for the estimation of cancer incidences.
Topics: Colombia; Death Certificates; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Principal Component Analysis; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Registries
PubMed: 29983472
DOI: 10.25100/cm.v49i1.3155 -
BMC Medicine Mar 2020The majority of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not have adequate civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems to properly support health policy...
BACKGROUND
The majority of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not have adequate civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems to properly support health policy formulation. Verbal autopsy (VA), long used in research, can provide useful information on the cause of death (COD) in populations where physicians are not available to complete medical certificates of COD. Here, we report on the application of the SmartVA tool for the collection and analysis of data in several countries as part of routine CRVS activities.
METHODS
Data from VA interviews conducted in 4 of 12 countries supported by the Bloomberg Philanthropies Data for Health (D4H) Initiative, and at different stages of health statistical development, were analysed and assessed for plausibility: Myanmar, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Bangladesh and the Philippines. Analyses by age- and cause-specific mortality fractions were compared to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study data by country. VA interviews were analysed using SmartVA-Analyze-automated software that was designed for use in CRVS systems. The method in the Philippines differed from the other sites in that the VA output was used as a decision support tool for health officers.
RESULTS
Country strategies for VA implementation are described in detail. Comparisons between VA data and country GBD estimates by age and cause revealed generally similar patterns and distributions. The main discrepancy was higher infectious disease mortality and lower non-communicable disease mortality at the PNG VA sites, compared to the GBD country models, which critical appraisal suggests may highlight real differences rather than implausible VA results.
CONCLUSION
Automated VA is the only feasible method for generating COD data for many populations. The results of implementation in four countries, reported here under the D4H Initiative, confirm that these methods are acceptable for wide-scale implementation and can produce reliable COD information on community deaths for which little was previously known.
Topics: Automation; Autopsy; Bangladesh; Cause of Death; Communicable Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Myanmar; Noncommunicable Diseases; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Poverty; Research; Software; Vital Statistics
PubMed: 32146903
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01520-1 -
Journal of Health, Population, and... Oct 2019This paper reviews the essential components of a recommended institutional arrangements framework of integrated civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) and civil... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews the essential components of a recommended institutional arrangements framework of integrated civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) and civil identification systems. CRVS typically involves several ministries and institutions, including health institutions that notify the occurrence of births and deaths; the judicial system that records the occurrence of marriages, divorces, and adoptions; the national statistics office that produces vital statistics reports; and the civil registry, to name a few. Considering the many stakeholders and close collaborations involved, it is important to establish clear institutional arrangements-"the policies, practices and systems that allow for effective functioning of an organization or group" (United Nations Development Programme, Capacity development: a UNDP primer. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2009). An example of a component of institutional arrangements is the establishment of a multisectoral national CRVS coordination committee consisting of representatives from key stakeholder groups that can facilitate participatory decision-making and continuous communication. Another important component of institutional arrangements is to create a linkage between CRVS and the national identity management system using unique identification numbers, enabling continuously updated vital events data to be accessible to the civil identification agency. By using birth registration in the civil registry to trigger the generation of a new identification and death registration to close it, this link accounts for the flow of people into and out of the identification management system. Expanding this data link to enable interoperability between different databases belonging to various ministries and agencies can enhance the efficiency of public and private services, save resources, and improve the quality of national statistics which are useful for monitoring the national development goals and the Sustainable Development Goals. Examples from countries that have successfully implemented the recommended components of an integrated CRVS and national identity management system are presented in the paper.
Topics: Humans; Interinstitutional Relations; Population Surveillance; Records; Registries; Sustainable Development; United Nations; Vital Statistics
PubMed: 31627747
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-019-0179-z -
CMAJ Open 2023Patterns in location of death among children with life-threatening conditions (e.g., cancer, genetic disorders, neurologic conditions) may reveal important inequities in... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Location of death among children with life-threatening conditions: a national population-based observational study using the Canadian Vital Statistics Database (2008-2014).
BACKGROUND
Patterns in location of death among children with life-threatening conditions (e.g., cancer, genetic disorders, neurologic conditions) may reveal important inequities in access to hospital and community support services. We aimed to identify demographic, socioeconomic and geographic factors associated with variations in location of death for children across Canada with life-threatening conditions.
METHODS
We used a retrospective observational cohort design and the Canadian Vital Statistics Database to identify children aged 19 years or younger who died from a life-threatening condition between Jan. 1, 2008, and Dec. 31, 2014. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine predictors of in-hospital death for children aged 1 month to 19 years, and for neonates younger than 1 month.
RESULTS
Overall, 13 115 decedents younger than 19 years had life-threatening conditions. Of 5250 children and 7865 neonates, 74.2% and 98.1%, respectively, died in hospital. Among children, we found a higher proportion of hospital deaths in the lowest (v. highest) income quintile (odds ratio [OR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-1.97), and a lower proportion among children living more than 400 km (v. < 50 km) from a pediatric hospital (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.65-0.86). Compared with Ontario, hospital death was most common in Quebec (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.14-1.67) and least common in British Columbia (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.34-0.53). Compared with an oncologic cause of death, all causes except neurologic and metabolic conditions had significantly higher odds of dying in hospital.
INTERPRETATION
In addition to demographics, we identified socioeconomic and geographic differences in location of death, suggesting potential inequities in access to high-quality care at the end of life. Health care policies and practices must ensure equitable access to services for children across Canada, particularly at the end of their life.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Child; Retrospective Studies; Palliative Care; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Ontario
PubMed: 37015742
DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20220070 -
NCHS Data Brief Sep 2016Data from the National Vital Statistics System •There were 3.978 million births in the United States in 2015, down less than 1% from 2014. •The 2015 U.S. general...
Data from the National Vital Statistics System •There were 3.978 million births in the United States in 2015, down less than 1% from 2014. •The 2015 U.S. general fertility rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15-44) was down 1% from 2014. •Birth rates dropped in 2015 to record lows among women under age 30 and rose for those aged 30-44. •The cesarean delivery rate declined to 32.0% of births in 2015; the preterm birth rate rose slightly to 9.63% from 2014 to 2015. This report presents several key demographic and maternal and infant health indicators using 2015 final birth data. Trends in general fertility rates, age-specific birth rates, cesarean and low-risk cesarean delivery, and preterm birth rates are presented. Data are from the national vital statistics birth files.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Rate; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Multiple Birth Offspring; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Premature Birth; United States
PubMed: 27648876
DOI: No ID Found -
Global Health Action 2017Reliable and representative cause of death (COD) statistics are essential to inform public health policy, respond to emerging health needs, and document progress towards...
BACKGROUND
Reliable and representative cause of death (COD) statistics are essential to inform public health policy, respond to emerging health needs, and document progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. However, less than one-third of deaths worldwide are assigned a cause. Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems in low- and lower-middle-income countries are failing to provide timely, complete and accurate vital statistics, and it will still be some time before they can provide physician-certified COD for every death. Proposals: Verbal autopsy (VA) is a method to ascertain the probable COD and, although imperfect, it is the best alternative in the absence of medical certification. There is extensive experience with VA in research settings but only a few examples of its use on a large scale. Data collection using electronic questionnaires on mobile devices and computer algorithms to analyse responses and estimate probable COD have increased the potential for VA to be routinely applied in CRVS systems. However, a number of CRVS and health system integration issues should be considered in planning, piloting and implementing a system-wide intervention such as VA. These include addressing the multiplicity of stakeholders and sub-systems involved, integration with existing CRVS work processes and information flows, linking VA results to civil registration records, information technology requirements and data quality assurance.
CONCLUSIONS
Integrating VA within CRVS systems is not simply a technical undertaking. It will have profound system-wide effects that should be carefully considered when planning for an effective implementation. This paper identifies and discusses the major system-level issues and emerging practices, provides a planning checklist of system-level considerations and proposes an overview for how VA can be integrated into routine CRVS systems.
Topics: Autopsy; Cause of Death; Government Programs; Health Information Management; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; International Cooperation; Population Surveillance; Poverty; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vital Statistics
PubMed: 28137194
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1272882 -
National Vital Statistics Reports :... Nov 2017Objectives-This report presents final 2015 data on U.S. deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant mortality, and trends, by selected characteristics such as age, sex,...
Objectives-This report presents final 2015 data on U.S. deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant mortality, and trends, by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin and race, state of residence, and cause of death. Methods-Information reported on death certificates, which are completed by funeral directors, attending physicians, medical examiners, and coroners, is presented in descriptive tabulations. The original records are filed in state registration offices. Statistical information is compiled in a national database through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the National Center for Health Statistics. Causes of death are processed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Results-In 2015, a total of 2,712,630 deaths were reported in the United States. The age-adjusted death rate was 733.1 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population, an increase of 1.2% from the 2014 rate. Life expectancy at birth was 78.8 years, a decrease of 0.1 year from 2014. Life expectancy decreased from 2014 to 2015 for non-Hispanic white males (0.2 year), non-Hispanic white females (0.1), non-Hispanic black males (0.4), non-Hispanic black females (0.1), Hispanic males (0.1), and Hispanic females (0.2). Age-specific death rates increased in 2015 from 2014 for age groups 5-14, 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 55-64, 65-74, and 85 and over. The 15 leading causes of death in 2015 remained the same as in 2014. The infant mortality rate, 5.90 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in 2015, did not change significantly from the rate of 5.82 in 2014. Conclusions-The age-adjusted death rate increased for the first time since 2005. Life expectancy for the total population decreased for the first time since 1993.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethnicity; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Life Expectancy; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; United States; Vital Statistics; Young Adult
PubMed: 29235985
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Health, Population, and... Oct 2019The World Bank Group (WBG), in partnership with the Global Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) Group, the Korea Ministry of Economy and Finance, and the WBG...
The World Bank Group (WBG), in partnership with the Global Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) Group, the Korea Ministry of Economy and Finance, and the WBG Open Learning Campus, launched the first comprehensive CRVS eLearning course in May 2017. The development of this course demonstrates the commitment and collaboration of development partners and governments working closely together in building the capacity of national institutions to improve CRVS systems in low- and middle-income countries. As of December 2018, over 2300 learners from 137 countries have enrolled in the course. This paper discusses how the course has been developed, disseminated, and evaluated thus far. It also presents the challenges faced and how the course has improved based on feedback from course participants.
Topics: Computer-Assisted Instruction; Curriculum; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Interinstitutional Relations; International Agencies; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Registries; Republic of Korea; United Nations; Vital Statistics
PubMed: 31627748
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-019-0182-4