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International Journal of Paleopathology Dec 2018Although vitamin D is critical to calcium/phosphorus homeostasis, bone formation and remodeling, there is evolution-based variation between species in vitamin D... (Review)
Review
Although vitamin D is critical to calcium/phosphorus homeostasis, bone formation and remodeling, there is evolution-based variation between species in vitamin D metabolism and susceptibility to rickets and osteomalacia. Most herbivores produce vitamin D in response to sunlight, but dogs and cats have generally lost the ability as carnivore diets are rich in vitamin D. Nutritional deficiencies and/or poor exposure to sunlight can induce rickets in birds, swine, cattle and sheep, but horses are less susceptible as they have evolved a calcium homeostasis that is quite different than other animals. Adaptations to specific environments also affect disease incidence: llamas/alpacas out of their natural high altitude intense solar radiation environments are highly susceptible to vitamin D deficiency. The pathology of rickets/osteomalacia is similar across species, however fibrous osteodystrophy is more common and may also be present. Rickets/osteomalacia were likely more common in animals before the advent of commercial diets, but can be difficult to definitively diagnose especially in single archeological specimens. Consideration of species susceptibility, location - especially in terms of latitude, and any available information on diet, season of occurrence, husbandry practices or descriptions of affected animals can support the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease in animals.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 29544996
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.03.001 -
Clinical and Experimental Allergy :... Jan 2015Vitamin D has known effects on lung development and the immune system that may be important in the development, severity, and course of allergic diseases (asthma,... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D has known effects on lung development and the immune system that may be important in the development, severity, and course of allergic diseases (asthma, eczema, and food allergy). Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide and may partly explain the increases in asthma and allergic diseases that have occurred over the last 50-60 years. In this review, we explore past and current knowledge on the effect of vitamin D on lung development and immunomodulation and present the evidence of its role in allergic conditions. While there is growing observational and experimental evidence for the role of vitamin D, well-designed and well-powered clinical trials are needed to determine whether supplementation of vitamin D should be recommended in these disorders.
Topics: Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunomodulation; Prevalence; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 25307157
DOI: 10.1111/cea.12430 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Dec 2017One hundred years ago, vitamin D was identified as the cause and cure of osteomalacia. This role remains firmly established. Vitamin D influences skeletal... (Review)
Review
One hundred years ago, vitamin D was identified as the cause and cure of osteomalacia. This role remains firmly established. Vitamin D influences skeletal mineralization principally through the regulation of intestinal calcium absorption. It has been proposed that vitamin D has direct beneficial effects on bone (besides the prevention of osteomalacia), but these have been difficult to establish in clinical trials. Meta-analyses of vitamin D trials show no effects on bone density or fracture risk when the baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D is >40 nmol/L. A daily dose of 400 to 800 IU vitamin D is usually adequate to correct such deficiency.
Topics: Bone Density; Calcium, Dietary; Dietary Supplements; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 29080644
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.005 -
Trends in Neurosciences Apr 2019Over a billion people worldwide are affected by vitamin D deficiency. Although vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired cognition, the mechanisms mediating this... (Review)
Review
Over a billion people worldwide are affected by vitamin D deficiency. Although vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired cognition, the mechanisms mediating this link are poorly understood. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has now emerged as an important participant of synaptic plasticity and a new hypothesis is that vitamin D may interact with aggregates of the ECM, perineuronal nets (PNNs), to regulate brain plasticity. Dysregulation of PNNs caused by vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the presentation of cognitive deficits. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the role of vitamin D in brain plasticity and cognition could help identify ways to treat cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric conditions.
Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Cognition; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neuronal Plasticity; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 30795846
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.01.003 -
European Heart Journal May 2022
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 34972215
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab870 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Taking into account previous data that sustain a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and higher infection positivity rates, this review aims to assess the... (Review)
Review
Taking into account previous data that sustain a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and higher infection positivity rates, this review aims to assess the influence of vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency upon the prevalence of infection and its eradication success. Three major databases were searched for articles that analyzed a relationship between vitamin D status and infection. The literature search retrieved a total of 37 reports, after the article selection process. Hypovitaminosis D emerged as a potential risk factor for infection, given the higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and/or insufficiency among -positive subjects. Furthermore, the same type of micronutrient deficiency has been directly linked to eradication failure. An inverse linear relationship between vitamin D status and gastric cancer risk exists, but the additional involvement of in this correlation is still in question. The potential benefit of oral supplements in enhancing the success of classical therapeutic regimens of still requires future research. Future population-based studies from larger geographical areas are warranted to address this subject in more depth.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Helicobacter pylori; Prevalence; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37630738
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163549 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Dec 2022Vitamin D deficiency is very common among women of reproductive age, even during pregnancy. Different studies have yielded vastly different results regarding whether... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency is very common among women of reproductive age, even during pregnancy. Different studies have yielded vastly different results regarding whether vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects the development and progression of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), glycemic control in patients with hyperglycemia, and maternal-fetal outcomes. In addition, concerns, such as the mechanisms underlying the effect of vitamin D deficiency on glucose metabolism during pregnancy, efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of developing GDM, and recommended supplemental dose of vitamin D, are yet to be elucidated. This article reviewed the latest domestic and international studies in this field, with a focus on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and GDM, their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and the role of vitamin D intervention in the prevention and treatment of GDM. We recommend vitamin D supplementation as soon as possible for all pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency, especially those with GDM.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Vitamin D; Diabetes, Gestational; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 36191611
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.025 -
Hellenic Journal of Cardiology : HJC =... 2018
Topics: Adolescent; Cardiovascular Diseases; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Risk Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 29966710
DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2018.06.014 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2019No consensus on vitamin D deficiency (VDD) screening in children and adolescents exists. Early VDD detection can improve the health of children. VDD can cause bone... (Review)
Review
PROBLEM
No consensus on vitamin D deficiency (VDD) screening in children and adolescents exists. Early VDD detection can improve the health of children. VDD can cause bone mineralization diseases, such as rickets in children. The purpose of this review is to determine existing VDD screening recommendations or clinical practice guidelines in children and adolescents.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Inclusion criteria were VDD screening 'guideline', 'clinical practice guideline', and 'recommendations' for children and adolescents in English, published 2001-2018.
RESULTS
Eight current guidelines addressed VDD screening recommendations with the common recommendation results endorsing screening only for VDD in at-risk children and adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient evidence for pediatric healthcare providers to recommend which VDD risk factors should be utilized for screening in children and adolescents.
IMPLICATIONS
Further studies should focus on developing a validated VDD screening tool for children and adolescents based on risk factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Health; Child Welfare; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Rickets; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 30753957
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.02.002 -
Epileptic Disorders : International... Apr 2021The epilepsy-related risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, particularly the use of enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs), and how to treat vitamin D deficiency...
The epilepsy-related risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, particularly the use of enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs), and how to treat vitamin D deficiency in patients with epilepsy remain unclear. Our aims were to explore risk factors and the influence of EAIEDs in vitamin D status and to determine the efficacy of a daily dose of oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in epileptic patients with vitamin D deficiency. Clinical data were collected and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum levels were measured. All patients with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ≤20 ng/mL) or insufficiency (25(OH)D from 21-29 ng/mL) were treated with 6,670 IU/day cholecalciferol for eight weeks and 25(OH)D was then remeasured. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. A total of 92 patients (44.6% males), with mean age of 41.0±14.8 years, were included. Measurements of 25(OH)D revealed that 79.3% patients had abnormal levels: 56.5% were vitamin D deficient and 22.8% were vitamin D insufficient. The statistically significant risk factors for vitamin D deficiency identified were: number of AEDs, treatment with EIAEDs, low sun exposure, high body mass index (BMI) and a high frequency of epileptic seizures. After treatment, 25(OH)D mean level increased by 98.99% (regardless of EIAED use or being overweight). In our sample, more than half of the adults with epilepsy showed 25(OH)D deficiency. Patients on EIAEDs had lower 25(OH)D levels. A daily dose of 6,670 IU cholecalciferol successfully led to the correction of 25(OH)D levels. A higher dose in obese patients or in patients taking EIAEDs may not be warranted and this should be considered in future guidelines for routine vitamin D deficiency treatment.
Topics: Adult; Cholecalciferol; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Portugal; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 33875410
DOI: 10.1684/epd.2021.1268