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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2020
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; Humans; Reference Values; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D-Binding Protein
PubMed: 32117066
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00040 -
Praxis Feb 2021Vitamin D Deficiency in Sports A deficiency in vitamin D is very common in the general population as well as in athletes. The aim of this overview is to assess the...
Vitamin D Deficiency in Sports A deficiency in vitamin D is very common in the general population as well as in athletes. The aim of this overview is to assess the level of knowledge about the importance of vitamin D for athletes. A deficiency in vitamin D is present in up to 90 % of athletes. Risk groups are young athletes, female athletes, athletes with a limitation such as paraplegia, vegetarians, athletes with a resorption disorder such as celiac disease, athletes training and competing indoors (e.g. ice hockey, basketball, boxing, rhythmic gymnastics), and older athletes. Dark skin pigmentation, the use of sunscreen, the time of day of the training (early morning, late evening) and the geographical location influence the risk for a deficiency in vitamin D. Exposure to the sun and a balanced diet are often not enough to prevent a vitamin D deficiency.
Topics: Athletes; Female; Humans; Sports; Sunscreening Agents; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 33530783
DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003550 -
JAAPA : Official Journal of the... Nov 2023Nutritional rickets is the failure of normal bone formation in children, caused by vitamin D deficiency, low calcium intake, or a combination of both. In the United...
Nutritional rickets is the failure of normal bone formation in children, caused by vitamin D deficiency, low calcium intake, or a combination of both. In the United States, prolonged breastfeeding without vitamin D supplementation is a major risk factor. Increasing awareness of the rationale for and importance of vitamin D supplements for all breastfed infants and children should reduce the incidence of vitamin D deficiency rickets and prevent bone deformity.
Topics: Infant; Female; Child, Preschool; Humans; Rickets; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Breast Feeding; Dietary Supplements; Calcium
PubMed: 37884036
DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000977680.82301.e2 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Dec 2019We review the recent literature on the interplay between mild vitamin D deficiency and skeletal muscle strength and performance. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We review the recent literature on the interplay between mild vitamin D deficiency and skeletal muscle strength and performance.
RECENT FINDINGS
Preclinical studies indicate that vitamin D is important in muscle proliferation, differentiation and mitochondrial function, whereas some epidemiological studies demonstrate associations with muscle strength and low physical performance. Recent studies have implicated vitamin D deficiency in the development of frailty and sarcopenia in the older population. Some small studies have assessed its impact on muscle function in special circumstances such as elite sport and critical illness. Advances in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry technologies have allowed the inter-relationships between the vitamin D metabolome and muscle phenotype to be characterized. There is evidence of distinct effects on human skeletal muscle gene expression between vitamin D metabolites.
SUMMARY
Large-scale clinical trials with well defined cohorts and outcomes are needed to provide clinically meaningful insights into this area. Care should be taken to stratify participants by vitamin D status at baseline and over follow-up in addition to observing a range of measures of muscle function.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Sarcopenia; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 31574001
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000504 -
Nutrients Feb 2022Background: The primary objective of the study was to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] values in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD), compared to controls....
Background: The primary objective of the study was to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] values in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD), compared to controls. The secondary objective was to assess the response to a load of 150,000 U of cholecalciferol. Methods: In 50 patients with active CD and 48 controls, we evaluated the anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including insulin sensitivity estimation by the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, Matsuda Index and oral disposition index at baseline and in patients with CD also after 6 weeks of cholecalciferol supplementation. Results: At baseline, patients with CD showed a higher frequency of hypovitaminosis deficiency (p = 0.001) and lower serum 25(OH)D (p < 0.001) than the controls. Six weeks after cholecalciferol treatment, patients with CD had increased serum calcium (p = 0.017), 25(OH)D (p < 0.001), ISI-Matsuda (p = 0.035), oral disposition index (p = 0.045) and decreased serum PTH (p = 0.004) and total cholesterol (p = 0.017) values than at baseline. Multivariate analysis showed that mean urinary free cortisol (mUFC) was independently negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D in CD. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D levels are lower in patients with CD compared to the controls. Vitamin D deficiency is correlated with mUFC and values of mUFC > 240 nmol/24 h are associated with hypovitaminosis D. Cholecalciferol supplementation had a positive impact on insulin sensitivity and lipids.
Topics: Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion; Rickets; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 35267948
DOI: 10.3390/nu14050973 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Dec 2017
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 29080647
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.09.002 -
Seminars in Reproductive Medicine Mar 2016Vitamin D has been primarily known for its role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting healthy bone mineralization. Emerging evidence suggests... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D has been primarily known for its role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting healthy bone mineralization. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D may have a plethora of other functions including cardiometabolic and immunological effects and a role in modulating human reproductive processes. Despite this, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) remains highly prevalent worldwide due to the limited availability of foods that are naturally high or fortified with vitamin D, increased sun avoidance behaviors and use of sunscreen due to fear of skin cancer, and increased sedentary indoor lifestyles, especially among those of reproductive age. This review examines current and emerging evidence for the role of vitamin D in reproductive health including in fertility, conception, and pregnancy outcomes, and outlines areas for future research. We found that existing evidence is based primarily on animal models and in vitro studies with some recent support from observational studies in humans. While these studies indicate that VDD may be a risk factor for adverse fertility and pregnancy outcomes, there is insufficient evidence to establish causality. Future efforts to clarify the benefits of vitamin D in reproductive health may bring about practical, simple, and cost-effective means of improving fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Supplements; Female; Fertility; Health Status; Humans; Infertility; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Reproduction; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 27228115
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1583529 -
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Mar 2023There is biological and epidemiological evidence supporting a role for vitamin D in the respiratory system, and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may be associated with poor... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
There is biological and epidemiological evidence supporting a role for vitamin D in the respiratory system, and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may be associated with poor health outcomes in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review summarizes recent findings relevant to the role of vitamin D in COPD.
RECENT FINDINGS
The prevalence of VDD in people with COPD may be underestimated. Treatment of severe VDD [serum 25(OH)D3 < 10 ng/ml] may reduce the risk of COPD exacerbations. Vitamin D supplementation may also improve functional capacity and quality of life in people with COPD. However, there is no strong evidence that vitamin D supplementation slows the decline in lung function.
SUMMARY
Although there are many known associations between vitamin D and COPD outcomes, the causal nature of these associations and the precise benefits of vitamin D supplementation remain unclear. High-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Vitamin D; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 36562273
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000935 -
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents... 2017Vitamin D deficiency is common in metropolitan cities of India and worldwide due to faulty life style. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has tremendously increased... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency is common in metropolitan cities of India and worldwide due to faulty life style. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has tremendously increased in India despite the fact that it is located between 8.4° and 37.6° north latitude and majority of the Indian population exposed to ample sunlight throughout the year. From published data regarding vitamin D deficiency in India estimated prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is 70%-100% in the adult population. The main identified reason for vitamin D deficiency is the lack of appropriate sunlight exposure and no consumption (in case of vegetarian population) or less consumption of vitamin D containing diet (e.g. fish, cod liver oil, beef liver and eggs). Mild to moderate vitamin D deficiency is identified as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, due to its protective role against development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Vitamin D may affect glucose homeostasis through increasing insulin resistance and reducing insulin secretion from beta cells of the pancreas. Vitamin D plays an important role against oxidative stress, because of its antioxidant property. Till date very few studies determined the link between vitamin D and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. However, more studies are needed to evaluate an underlying mechanism of vitamin D in amelioration of the oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; India; Insulin Resistance; Oxidative Stress; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 27114101
DOI: 10.2174/1871525714666160426150233 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Apart from developmental disabilities, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age especially in those with co-morbidities: vitamin D deficiency plays a major... (Review)
Review
Apart from developmental disabilities, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age especially in those with co-morbidities: vitamin D deficiency plays a major role in it. Whether vitamin D deficiency initiates and/or aggravates chronic diseases or vice versa is unclear. It adversely affects all body systems but can be eliminated using proper doses of vitamin D supplementation and/or safe daily sun exposure. Maintaining the population serum 25(OH)D concentration above 40 ng/mL (i.e., sufficiency) ensures a sound immune system, minimizing symptomatic diseases and reducing infections and the prevalence of chronic diseases. This is the most cost-effective way to keep a population healthy and reduce healthcare costs. Vitamin D facilitates physiological functions, overcoming pathologies such as chronic inflammation and oxidative stress and maintaining broader immune functions. These are vital to overcoming chronic diseases and infections. Therefore, in addition to following essential public health and nutritional guidance, maintaining vitamin D sufficiency should be an integral part of better health, preventing acute and chronic diseases and minimize their complications. Those with severe vitamin D deficiency have the highest burdens of co-morbidities and are more vulnerable to developing complications and untimely deaths. Vitamin D adequacy improves innate and adaptive immune systems. It controls excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, generates antimicrobial peptides, and neutralizes antibodies via immune cells. Consequently, vitamin D sufficiency reduces infections and associated complications and deaths. Maintaining vitamin D sufficiency reduces chronic disease burden, illnesses, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. Vulnerable communities, such as ethnic minorities living in temperate countries, older people, those with co-morbidities, routine night workers, and institutionalized persons, have the highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency-they would significantly benefit from vitamin D and targeted micronutrient supplementation. At least now, health departments, authorities, and health insurance companies should start assessing, prioritizing, and encouraging this economical, non-prescription, safe micronutrient to prevent and treat acute and chronic diseases. This approach will significantly reduce morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs and ensure healthy aging.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Micronutrients; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 37630813
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163623