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Nutrients Nov 2023The history of vitamin D begins more than 100 years ago, with the initial documentation of rickets in industrialized cities of England [...].
The history of vitamin D begins more than 100 years ago, with the initial documentation of rickets in industrialized cities of England [...].
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Rickets; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Vitamins; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 38004169
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224775 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022Vitamin D deficiency has long been associated with reduced immune function that can lead to viral infection. Several studies have shown that Vitamin D deficiency is...
Vitamin D deficiency has long been associated with reduced immune function that can lead to viral infection. Several studies have shown that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increases the risk of infection with COVID-19. However, it is unknown if treatment with Vitamin D can reduce the associated risk of COVID-19 infection, which is the focus of this study. In the population of US veterans, we show that Vitamin D and D fills were associated with reductions in COVID-19 infection of 28% and 20%, respectively [(D Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.80, [95% CI 0.77, 0.83]), D HR = 0.72, [95% CI 0.65, 0.79]]. Mortality within 30-days of COVID-19 infection was similarly 33% lower with Vitamin D and 25% lower with D (D HR = 0.67, [95% CI 0.59, 0.75]; D HR = 0.75, [95% CI 0.55, 1.04]). We also find that after controlling for vitamin D blood levels, veterans receiving higher dosages of Vitamin D obtained greater benefits from supplementation than veterans receiving lower dosages. Veterans with Vitamin D blood levels between 0 and 19 ng/ml exhibited the largest decrease in COVID-19 infection following supplementation. Black veterans received greater associated COVID-19 risk reductions with supplementation than White veterans. As a safe, widely available, and affordable treatment, Vitamin D may help to reduce the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Pandemics; Dietary Supplements; Vitamin D Deficiency; Cholecalciferol; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 36371591
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24053-4 -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Feb 2017The purpose of this review is to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pediatric gastrointestinal disease, specifically celiac disease and inflammatory bowel... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this review is to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pediatric gastrointestinal disease, specifically celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); to discuss the role of vitamin D and its deficiency in gastrointestinal disease pathophysiology; and to present current literature regarding diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in these pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.
RECENT FINDINGS
Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with gastrointestinal symptoms and disease processes. In celiac disease, vitamin D status should be routinely assessed at the time of diagnosis and during subsequent follow up if deficient. There is growing evidence to suggest an inverse association between vitamin D and IBD activity; however, the therapeutic role of vitamin D in IBD patients requires further investigation.
SUMMARY
Suboptimal vitamin D status commonly occurs in children with gastrointestinal disease. It is advisable to check serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in children with newly diagnosed celiac disease and IBD. In celiac disease, vitamin D status should be assessed during subsequent follow up if deficient. In IBD, 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels should be checked at least yearly. Therapy should be provided to maintain a level of greater than 30 ng/ml but less than 100 ng/ml; however, the ideal vitamin D dosing regimen to treat vitamin D deficiency and to maintain this optimum level remains unknown. The role of vitamin D as a therapeutic agent in IBD is still under investigation.
Topics: Celiac Disease; Child; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Prevalence; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 27930380
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000451 -
Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism May 2021The effects of vitamin D on the musculoskeletal system are well established. Its deficiency causes osteomalacia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and an increased risk for... (Review)
Review
The effects of vitamin D on the musculoskeletal system are well established. Its deficiency causes osteomalacia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and an increased risk for fractures and falls. However, clinical and experimental evidence points to extra-skeletal actions of vitamin D, including on immune and respiratory systems. Thus, during this COVID-19 pandemic, a possible deleterious role of vitamin D deficiency has been questioned. This paper aims to present a brief review of the literature and discuss, based on evidence, the role of vitamin D in the lung function and in the prevention of respiratory infections. Relevant articles were searched in the databases MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO/LILACS. The mechanisms of vitamin D action in the immune system response will be discussed. Clinical data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses show benefits in the prevention of respiratory infections and improvement of pulmonary function when vitamin D-deficient patients are supplemented. At the time of writing this paper, no published data on vitamin D supplementation for patients with COVID-19 have been found. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended during this period of social isolation to avoid any deficiency, especially in the context of bone outcomes, aiming to achieve normal values of 25(OH)D. The prevention of respiratory infections and improvement of pulmonary function are additional benefits observed when vitamin D deficiency is treated. Thus far, any protective effect of vitamin D specifically against severe COVID-19 remains unclear. We also emphasize avoiding bolus or extremely high doses of vitamin D, which can increase the risk of intoxication without evidence of benefits.
Topics: COVID-19; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34033288
DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000291 -
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism:... Nov 2021Vitamin D is defined as a nutrient despite its rare occurrence in food. Vitamin D status is determined mainly by solar UV light action in skin. However, the strategy to... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is defined as a nutrient despite its rare occurrence in food. Vitamin D status is determined mainly by solar UV light action in skin. However, the strategy to combat vitamin D deficiency has been to increase oral intake of vitamin D in greater amounts than could be obtained from food. Persistent large intakes of vitamin D can cause hypercalcaemic toxicity. Although the amounts recommended to prevent deficiency are far less than those causing such toxicity, the possibility of other toxic actions from increased intake of vitamin D has been ignored. Animal experiments have demonstrated that moderate amounts of oral vitamin D over time result in atherosclerosis. Differences in the fate of vitamin D could explain this angiotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Food; Humans; Skin; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34518055
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.08.006 -
Current Gastroenterology Reports Apr 2016Vitamin D deficiency has recently been recognized as a widespread global disorder. Generally considered a direct extension of malnutrition, even subclinical... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency has recently been recognized as a widespread global disorder. Generally considered a direct extension of malnutrition, even subclinical hypovitaminosis D is now recognized in adequately nourished populations. Compared to the general population, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is greater in the critically ill population. In fact, several studies have shown poorer outcomes in critically ill patients discovered to be vitamin D deficient or insufficient. Controversy persists regarding vitamin D measurements, quantity of supplementation, and appropriate target level in various populations. Vitamin D has a vital role in calcium homeostasis and extra-skeletal health, such as immune function. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation may have a role for improving outcomes in critically ill patients. In this review, we will first discuss the metabolism and function of vitamin D under normal physiologic conditions. We will then explore the prevalence and prognostic value of vitamin D deficiency in critical illness. Finally, we will examine recent trials focusing on appropriate dosing, route of administration, and outcomes associated with vitamin D supplementation in the ICU.
Topics: Biomarkers; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Prognosis; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 26951231
DOI: 10.1007/s11894-016-0492-2 -
Current Problems in Cardiology Jul 2021With cardiovascular conditions being a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, several studies have identified that there is an important correlation between... (Review)
Review
With cardiovascular conditions being a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, several studies have identified that there is an important correlation between the level of Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases, including an increased risk of hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery diseases. Current published studies are in the form of both in vivo and in vitro studies and they primarily showed the evidence of how Vitamin D can downregulate Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system activity and therefore providing a cardioprotective role. Nevertheless, most of these studies are observational, and there yet to be large-scale randomized controlled trials which would increase the evidence of the findings.This review aims to capture the current evidence of Vitamin D as a metabolite which is critical in reducing cardiovascular conditions and the possible physiological pathways that it works via.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Renin-Angiotensin System; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 33848960
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100836 -
Archives of Women's Mental Health Dec 2023Anxiety and vitamin D deficiency are both common in pregnancy, but research into the relationship between vitamin D levels and perinatal anxiety is sparse. We sought to...
Anxiety and vitamin D deficiency are both common in pregnancy, but research into the relationship between vitamin D levels and perinatal anxiety is sparse. We sought to examine whether an association exists and compare the distribution of vitamin D levels in women with and without anxiety symptoms. We analyzed 25-hydroxyvitamin D using ab213966 25(OH) vitamin D enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 54 women with and 47 women without anxiety symptoms at the first, second, and third trimesters and at 6 weeks postpartum. We conducted univariate and chi-square analyses to compare the frequencies of non-optimal and optimal vitamin D levels between the anxiety and non-anxiety groups at each timepoint. Overall, vitamin D levels were lower in the first and second trimesters than in the third trimester. In the first trimester only, the non-anxiety group had a marginally higher proportion of women with optimal vitamin D levels when compared to the anxiety group. Many pregnant women have insufficient or deficient levels of vitamin D, and our exploratory findings point to the need for further research into whether this differs between women with anxiety compared to healthy women.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Postpartum Period; Anxiety; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 37566124
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01358-5 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Jun 2019Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) remains a significant health challenge globally with its overwhelming effects on skeletal growth and varied associations with extra-skeletal... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) remains a significant health challenge globally with its overwhelming effects on skeletal growth and varied associations with extra-skeletal diseases. The last decade has reported a high prevalence of VDD in all age-groups across all zones of India. Children and adolescents are most vulnerable to ill-effects of VDD as peak linear growth and bone mass accrual occurs during these years. Vitamin D deficiency in mothers predisposes their infants to have low serum vitamin D levels. Indians have increased susceptibility to develop VDD due to predominant vegetarian dietary habits, high melanin skin content, atmospheric pollution, modest tradition of clothing and limited availability of fortified foods. Vitamin D supplementation during infancy and childhood has emerged as an effective strategy to combat VDD. However, effects of vitamin D supplementation are transient and are not cost-effective as a maintenance strategy. Fortification of foodstuffs has been adopted by many developed countries globally which has emerged as a safe, efficacious and cost-effective strategy to control VDD. A strong political will and support is required to sustain food fortification in India. The current review focuses on strategies to prevent and control the epidemic of VDD in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Epidemics; Humans; India; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 30648226
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-019-02857-z -
Pediatric Annals Aug 2019The importance of vitamin D and its role in several biological processes has been a topic of interest in recent years. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that is needed... (Review)
Review
The importance of vitamin D and its role in several biological processes has been a topic of interest in recent years. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that is needed for metabolic bone health and for maintaining bone calcium homeostasis. It is primarily synthesized in the skin on exposure to sunlight. Of late, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with conditions such as obesity, poor control of asthma and other autoimmune diseases, which has led to questions about its potential role in causation and management of these conditions. Given the increase in data about this topic, providers may often have questions about whom to screen and what to tell patients. In this article, we address screening guidelines for vitamin D in children and adolescents, management of vitamin D deficiency, and current literature on the role of vitamin D in conditions such as obesity, asthma, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. [Pediatr Ann. 2019;48(8):e298-e303.].
Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Sunlight; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 31426097
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20190724-01