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Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Dec 2023Nutritional rickets is a global health problem reflecting both historical and contemporary health disparities arising from racial, ethnic, environmental, and... (Review)
Review
Nutritional rickets is a global health problem reflecting both historical and contemporary health disparities arising from racial, ethnic, environmental, and geopolitical circumstances. It primarily affects marginalized populations and can contribute to long-term morbidity. Deficits in bone health in childhood may also contribute to osteomalacia/osteoporosis. Solutions require a global public health approach.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Global Health; Rickets; Osteomalacia; Osteoporosis; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 37865479
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.05.011 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Oct 2017Inappropriate food behavior contributes to obesity and leads to vitamin deficiency. This review discusses the nutritional status of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in... (Review)
Review
Inappropriate food behavior contributes to obesity and leads to vitamin deficiency. This review discusses the nutritional status of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in obese subjects. We verified that most vitamins are deficient in obese individuals, especially the fat-soluble vitamins, folic acid, vitamin B and vitamin C. However, some vitamins have been less evaluated in cases of obesity. The adipose tissue is considered a metabolic and endocrine organ, which in excess leads to changes in body homeostasis, as well as vitamin deficiency which can aggravate the pathological state. Therefore, the evaluation of vitamin status is of fundamental importance in obese individuals.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Comorbidity; Folic Acid; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins
PubMed: 26745150
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1117413 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Infant; Rickets; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Calcium
PubMed: 37665516
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04808-1 -
Paediatrics and International Child... May 2017Worldwide, nutritional rickets continues to be an evolving problem with several causes. This paper provides an updated literature review characterising the prevalence,... (Review)
Review
Worldwide, nutritional rickets continues to be an evolving problem with several causes. This paper provides an updated literature review characterising the prevalence, aetiology, pathophysiology and treatment of nutritional rickets worldwide. A systematic review of articles on nutritional rickets from various geographical regions was undertaken. For each region, key information was extracted, including prevalence, cause of rickets specific to the region, methods of confirming the diagnosis and current treatment and preventive measures. Calcium deficiency continues to be a major cause of rickets in Africa and Asia. Vitamin D deficiency rickets is perhaps increasing in the Americas, Europe and parts of the Middle East. There continues to be a distinct presentation of calcium-predominant versus vitamin D predominant rickets, although there are overlapping features. More careful diagnosis of rickets and reporting of 25-OHD concentrations has improved accurate knowledge of rickets prevalence and better delineated the cause. Nutritional rickets continues to be an evolving and multi-factorial problem worldwide. It is on a spectrum, ranging from isolated vitamin D deficiency to isolated calcium deficiency. Specific areas which require emphasis include a consistent community approach to screening and diagnosis, vitamin D supplementation of infants and at-risk children, prevention of maternal vitamin D deficiency and the provision of calcium in areas with low calcium diets.
Topics: Calcium; Global Health; Humans; Malnutrition; Prevalence; Rickets; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 27922335
DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2016.1248170 -
Circulation Aug 2019
Topics: Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Chest Pain; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pericarditis; Scurvy
PubMed: 31403849
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040894 -
Terapevticheskii Arkhiv May 2019The review discusses thesteps of vitamin B12 metabolism and its role in maintaining of neurological functions. The term "vitamin B12 (cobalamin)" refers to several... (Review)
Review
The review discusses thesteps of vitamin B12 metabolism and its role in maintaining of neurological functions. The term "vitamin B12 (cobalamin)" refers to several substances (cobalamins) of a very similar structure. Cobalamin enters the body with animal products. On the peripherу cobalamin circulates only in binding with proteins transcobalamin I and II (complex cobalamin-transcobalamin II is designated as "holotranscobalamin"). Holotranscobalamin is absorbed by different cells, whereas transcobalamin I-binded vitamin B12 - only by liver and kidneys. Two forms of cobalamin were identified as coenzymes of cellular reactions which are methylcobalamin (in cytoplasm) and hydroxyadenosylcobalamin (in mitochondria). The main causes of cobalamin deficiency are related to inadequate intake of animal products, autoimmune gastritis, pancreatic insufficiency, terminal ileum disease, syndrome of intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Relative deficiency may be seen in excessive binding of vitamin B12 to transcobalamin I. Cobalamin deficiency most significantly affects functions of blood, nervous system and inflammatory response. Anemia occurs in 13-15% of cases; macrocytosis is an early sign. The average size of neutrophils and monocytes is the most sensitive marker of megaloblastic hematopoiesis. The demands in vitamin B12 are particularly high in nervous tissue. Hypovitaminosis is accompanied by pathological lesions both in white and gray brain matter. Several types of neurological manifestations are described: subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord (funicular myelinosis), sensomotor polyneuropathy, optic nerve neuropathy, cognitive disorders. The whole range of neuropsychiatric disorders with vitamin B12 deficiency has not been studied well enough. Due to certain diagnostic difficulties they are often regarded as "cryptogenic", "reactive", "vascular» origin. Normal or decreased total plasma cobalamin level could not a reliable marker of vitamin deficiency. In difficult cases the content of holotranscobalamin, methylmalonic acid / homocysteine, and folate in the blood serum should be investigated besides carefully analysis of clinical manifestations.
Topics: Animals; Avitaminosis; Biomarkers; Nervous System Diseases; Transcobalamins; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 31094486
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.04.000116 -
Medical Hypotheses Feb 2020Vitamins are indispensable nutrients for metabolism. Adequate vitamin intake plays vital role in physiological processes including embryonic development, cellular and... (Review)
Review
Vitamins are indispensable nutrients for metabolism. Adequate vitamin intake plays vital role in physiological processes including embryonic development, cellular and immunity proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis and oxidative response. In contrast, insufficient vitamin levels usually lead to a large number of clinical manifestations including xerophthalmia, nyctalopia, hyperpigmentation, vitiligo, jaundice, megaloblastic anemia, glossitis, scurvy, stroke, cancer, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. In recent years, more and more researches have focused on the relationship between vitamin family and otorhinolaryngologic diseases. This review will summarize the current knowledge of vitamin family and vitamin-mediated regulating role in those related otorhinolaryngologic diseases.
Topics: Avitaminosis; DNA; Epistaxis; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Meniere Disease; Neoplasms; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Oxygen; Pharyngitis; Rhinitis; Rosacea; Sinusitis
PubMed: 31733530
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109448 -
Nursing Standard (Royal College of... Nov 2015
Topics: Avitaminosis; Diet Therapy; Feeding Behavior; Mobile Applications; United Kingdom
PubMed: 26530579
DOI: 10.7748/ns.30.10.29.s34 -
High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular... Dec 2014Recent clinical and experimental studies suggest that vitamin D status could play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders as well as in their... (Review)
Review
Recent clinical and experimental studies suggest that vitamin D status could play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders as well as in their clinical severity. In particular, low vitamin D levels appear to increase the risk of major cardiovascular events in apparently healthy individuals and to worsen the prognosis quoad vitam and quoad valetudinem following a cardiovascular event. The relevance of these observations is amplified by the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency that affect over one billion individuals at all ages worldwide. Randomized controlled trials are currently underway in U.S., Europe and Oceania to demonstrate a cause-effect relationship by assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation on various cardiovascular outcomes. Aim of this review is to point out the more recent advances in knowledge about the relationship between vitamin D status and the incidence, prevalence and pathogenesis of more common cardiometabolic disorders.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Incidence; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 25200767
DOI: 10.1007/s40292-014-0060-5 -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Feb 2017The purpose of this review is to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pediatric gastrointestinal disease, specifically celiac disease and inflammatory bowel... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this review is to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pediatric gastrointestinal disease, specifically celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); to discuss the role of vitamin D and its deficiency in gastrointestinal disease pathophysiology; and to present current literature regarding diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in these pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.
RECENT FINDINGS
Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with gastrointestinal symptoms and disease processes. In celiac disease, vitamin D status should be routinely assessed at the time of diagnosis and during subsequent follow up if deficient. There is growing evidence to suggest an inverse association between vitamin D and IBD activity; however, the therapeutic role of vitamin D in IBD patients requires further investigation.
SUMMARY
Suboptimal vitamin D status commonly occurs in children with gastrointestinal disease. It is advisable to check serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in children with newly diagnosed celiac disease and IBD. In celiac disease, vitamin D status should be assessed during subsequent follow up if deficient. In IBD, 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels should be checked at least yearly. Therapy should be provided to maintain a level of greater than 30 ng/ml but less than 100 ng/ml; however, the ideal vitamin D dosing regimen to treat vitamin D deficiency and to maintain this optimum level remains unknown. The role of vitamin D as a therapeutic agent in IBD is still under investigation.
Topics: Celiac Disease; Child; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Prevalence; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 27930380
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000451