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Post Reproductive Health Mar 2018Musculoskeletal pain, arthralgia and arthritis are all more common in women, and their frequency increases with age and in some appears to be associated with the onset... (Review)
Review
Musculoskeletal pain, arthralgia and arthritis are all more common in women, and their frequency increases with age and in some appears to be associated with the onset of menopause. The clinical assessment, investigation and management of women presenting with musculoskeletal pain, arthralgia or arthritis at the time of menopause are reviewed. Common causes of arthralgia and arthritis in this population are discussed. The epidemiological and trials evidence for the effects of hormone replacement therapy on musculoskeletal pain and arthritis (primarily from RCTs of HRT for other menopausal symptoms) are discussed. Lastly, the possible underlying aetiological roles of sex hormones including estrogen, and their deficiency, in predisposing to musculoskeletal pain and arthritis are overviewed. Although the association appears strong, a causal link between estrogen deficiency and musculoskeletal pain or different types of arthritis is lacking; there have been few studies specifically within this group of symptomatic patients, and there is much still to understand about musculoskeletal pain and arthritis at the time of the menopause, and about how we might prevent or treat this.
Topics: Arthralgia; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Menopause; Musculoskeletal Pain; Osteoarthritis
PubMed: 29412042
DOI: 10.1177/2053369118757537 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2022There are often multiple potential interventions to treat a disease; therefore, we need a method for simultaneously comparing and ranking all of these available... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
There are often multiple potential interventions to treat a disease; therefore, we need a method for simultaneously comparing and ranking all of these available interventions. In contrast to pairwise meta-analysis, which allows for the comparison of one intervention to another based on head-to-head data from randomized trials, network meta-analysis (NMA) facilitates simultaneous comparison of the efficacy or safety of multiple interventions that may not have been directly compared in a randomized trial. NMAs help researchers study important and previously unanswerable questions, which have contributed to a rapid rise in the number of NMA publications in the biomedical literature. However, the conduct and interpretation of NMAs are more complex than pairwise meta-analyses: there are additional NMA model assumptions (i.e., network connectivity, homogeneity, transitivity, and consistency) and outputs (e.g., network plots and surface under the cumulative ranking curves [SUCRAs]). In this chapter, we will: (1) explore similarities and differences between pairwise and network meta-analysis; (2) explain the differences between direct, indirect, and mixed treatment comparisons; (3) describe how treatment effects are derived from NMA models; (4) discuss key criteria predicating completion of NMA; (5) interpret NMA outputs; (6) discuss areas of ongoing methodological research in NMA; (7) outline an approach to conducting a systematic review and NMA; (8) describe common problems that researchers encounter when conducting NMAs and potential solutions; and (9) outline an approach to critically appraising a systematic review and NMA.
Topics: Humans; Network Meta-Analysis; Research Design; Research Personnel
PubMed: 34550592
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1566-9_12 -
British Dental Journal Aug 2018This paper describes different types of space maintainers and the clinical situations where they may be useful, for example, when primary teeth have been lost... (Review)
Review
This paper describes different types of space maintainers and the clinical situations where they may be useful, for example, when primary teeth have been lost prematurely. It serves as a clinical guide for practitioners on the best types of space maintainers to use and on the clinical uses of space maintainers in preventing undesirable tooth movements and resulting loss of arch length.
Topics: Child; Dentition, Mixed; Humans; Malocclusion; Space Maintenance, Orthodontic; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 30141512
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.650 -
Liver Transplantation : Official... Apr 2022
PubMed: 35000254
DOI: 10.1002/lt.26405 -
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Nov 2021
PubMed: 33991351
DOI: 10.1002/hep.31901 -
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Aug 2018
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 29604223
DOI: 10.1002/hep.29908 -
Journal of the American Dental... Jun 2020
Topics: Algorithms; Oral Health
PubMed: 32450975
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.04.019 -
Journal of the American Dental... Sep 2018
Topics: Dental Care; Forecasting; Humans
PubMed: 30165974
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.07.011