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Clinical and Experimental Immunology Sep 2014Numerous studies have suggested the importance of leptin against autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Numerous studies have suggested the importance of leptin against autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis. To summarize our current understanding of the role of leptin in inflammatory responses and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systematic review was conducted to assess the discrepancy of leptin in RA and its effect on immunity according to different studies. Recently, emerging data have indicated that leptin is involved in the pathological function of RA, which is common in autoimmune disorders. This review discusses the possible consequences of leptin levels in RA. Blocking the key signal pathways of leptin and inhibiting the leptin activity-like leptin antagonist may be a promising way for potential therapeutic treatment of RA at risk of detrimental effects. However, leptin was increased in patients with RA and may also regulate joint damage. Thus, more understanding of the mechanism of leptin in RA would be advantageous in the future.
Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Leptin; Receptors, Leptin; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 24802245
DOI: 10.1111/cei.12372 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology Dec 2023Prior studies demonstrated an equivocal conclusion about the association between the level of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)/visfatin and periodontitis patients with... (Review)
Review
Prior studies demonstrated an equivocal conclusion about the association between the level of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)/visfatin and periodontitis patients with obesity. The aim of our study (Prospero ID: CRD42023469058) was to systematically review the available articles linking the biofluid levels of RBP4/visfatin to the comorbidity of periodontitis and obesity. Clinical trials were screened in accordance with specific inclusion criteria from seven databases up to November 2023. A quality assessment was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and ROBINS-I tools for observational and interventional trials, respectively. The standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) related to the RBP4 level was recorded; the other indicators related to the visfatin level were measured via the mean difference (MD) with the corresponding 95% CI, and Fisher's Z transformation was measured to reveal the association using Review Manager 5.4. The current evidence was based on five observational studies and two interventional studies. All of them were included in the systematic review, and six of them were in the meta-analysis. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in the circulating levels of RBP4 in the periodontitis patients with obesity or without, who were labeled as OP or NP, respectively (155 OP-107 NP: SMD = 1.38; 95% CI: -0.18-2.94, = 0.08), as well as the periodontal healthy patients with a normal weight, who were labelled as NnP (116 OP-79 NnP: SMD = 6.76; 95% CI: -5.34-18.87, = 0.27). Meanwhile, a significant higher level of serum visfatin was found in the OP patients than that of the NP (86 OP-45 NP: MD = 4.21; 95% CI: 2.65-5.77, < 0.00001)/NnP (164 OP-88 NnP: MD = 13.02; 95% CI: 7.34-18.70, < 0.00001) group. In addition, a positive association was observed between the serum RBP4 and body mass index/clinical attachment loss (CAL). And, then, there was a positive association between the serum visfatin and periodontal parameters, including the probing depth, CAL, and plaque index, as well as metabolic parameters, including the total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Here, the circulating RBP4 level was not independently related to the comorbidity of periodontitis and obesity, while serum visfatin was significantly associated with periodontitis and obesity. Notably, the positive association between circulating RBP4/visfatin and the periodontal parameters/metabolic parameters firmly suggested that the higher severity of the obese or periodontal status was associated with an elevated level of serum visfatin or RBP4 in the OP group. With more rigorous longitudinal research, the exact causations between RBP4/visfatin and the patients affected by obesity and periodontitis could be disentangled. RBP4 and visfatin might be novel, enlightening prospective bio-indexes for the targeted treatment of comorbidities.
PubMed: 38132460
DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120614 -
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative... 2023Adipokines have an important role in the pathophysiology of overweight and obesity and associated inflammatory diseases. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Adipokines have an important role in the pathophysiology of overweight and obesity and associated inflammatory diseases.
OBJECTIVE
The present review aims to evaluate the role of Yoga on adipokines among people with overweight and obesity.
METHODS
Authors performed a systematic search for relevant research studies as per the PRISMA guidelines in Google Scholar, Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychInfo electronic databases. Two independent authors conducted the selection of articles, data extraction, assessment of the risk of bias for individual studies. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion with the third author.
RESULTS
Eight randomized trials and four uncontrolled trials involving a total of 1054 participants were included. Yoga with varying frequencies was administered for different durations. The studied adipokines among overweight and obese were leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), chemerin, visfatin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). The methodological quality of the included studies was low to moderate on the Cochrane risk of bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The higher the frequency and duration of Yoga practice, the more significant changes in the adipokine levels were seen.
CONCLUSION
The present review indicates that Yoga practices positively impacts adipokines among people with overweight and obesity. However, the present study precludes the generalizability of results due to the methodological heterogeneity, the type of Yoga intervention, and settings.
PubMed: 38041935
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100813 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022Long-distance running is an exhausting effort for the whole organism. Prolonged aerobic exercise induces changes in inflammatory markers. However, predicting muscle...
Long-distance running is an exhausting effort for the whole organism. Prolonged aerobic exercise induces changes in inflammatory markers. However, predicting muscle damage in response has limitations in terms of selecting biomarkers used to measure inflammatory status. The present study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles focusing in ultra-marathon, marathon, and half-marathon and levels of cytokines. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, resulting in the inclusion of 76 articles. IL-6 was highlighted, evaluated in 62 studies and show increase in the standard mean difference (SMD): half-marathon (SMD -1.36; IC 95%: -1.82, -0.89, Ch:0.58; tau:0.00; < 0.0001), marathon (SMD -6.81; IC 95%: -9.26, -4.37; Ch:481.37 tau:11.88; < 0.0001) and ultra-marathon (SMD -8.00 IC 95%: -10.47, -5.53; Ch:328.40; tau:14.19; < 0.0001). In contrast meta-regression analysis did not show relationship to the running distance (p = 0.864). The meta-analysis evidenced increase in the concentration of IL-1ra ( < 0.0001), IL-1B ( < 0.0001), IL-8 ( < 0.0001), IL-10 ( < 0.0001) and TNF-α ( < 0.0001). Reduction in IL-2 ( < 0.0001) and INF-y ( < 0.03) and no change in the IL-4 ( < 0.56). The number of studies evaluating the effect of adipokines was limited, however Leptin and Resistin were recurrent. The effects of an acute bout of prolonged aerobic exercise will protect against chronic systemic inflammation. The time to return to baseline values showed a substantial and dose-dependent relationship with run volume. The concentration of IL-6 was robustly studied and the marathon running was the most explored. Network of endocrine interactions in which circulating factors, released in extreme exercises, interplay through inter-organ crosstalk and physiologic changes were expressed. The running volume variability was able to modulate compounds that play a fundamental role in the maintenance of homeostasis and cell signaling.
PubMed: 35250639
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.838069 -
Effects of exercise training on cytokines and adipokines in multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review.Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Aug 2018Physical activity, particularly exercise training, is an evidence-based approach for managing symptoms, restoring function and improving overall wellness in people with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Physical activity, particularly exercise training, is an evidence-based approach for managing symptoms, restoring function and improving overall wellness in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Several recent studies have argued for a potential disease modifying effect of exercise in people with MS, and among the potential mediating mechanisms are exercise training effects on both cytokines and adipokines. The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review of exercise training effects on cytokine and adipokine profiles in persons with MS.
METHODS
We conducted open-dated searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PEDro using the terms 'Multiple sclerosis' or 'MS' AND 'exercise' OR 'training' OR 'physical activity' AND 'cytokine' OR 'inflammatory' OR 'immune' OR 'adipokine'. Included studies were written in English; comprised of humans with MS, and evaluated the effects of regular physical activity or exercise on pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines or adipokines. Two authors independently scanned titles and abstracts, and read the studies included. All studies were rated on the PEDro scale and further classified based on American Academy of Neurology criteria.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were included of which 10 studies focused on cytokines, 1 study focused on adipokines, and 1 study included both cytokines and adipokines. The selected studies included 3 Class I studies, 7 Class II studies, and 2 Class IV studies and had average PEDro scores of 6.9 ± 1.6. Studies included endurance (n = 5), resistance (n = 3), combined (n = 3), and vibration (n = 1) training. Overall, there is a general lack of standardization of procedures across studies and inconsistent evidence for the effects of physical activity and exercise on cytokine and adipokine profiles in MS, with a general pattern indicating a lack of effect.
CONCLUSION
Research regarding the effects of exercise training on cytokines and adipokines in MS is in its infancy, but exercise represents an adjuvant therapy in MS, and future studies are essential for clarifying the role of exercise on cytokines and adipokines in MS.
Topics: Adipokines; Cytokines; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 29982111
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.06.008 -
PeerJ 2024Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection in the periodontal support tissue. Visfatin, a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection in the periodontal support tissue. Visfatin, a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes and macrophages, plays an important role in immune regulation and defense. Although studies have indicated that patients with periodontitis have significantly high serum and gingival crevicular fluid levels of visfatin, the relationship between this adipocytokine and periodontal disease remains unclear.
AIM
The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the association between visfatin levels and periodontitis.
METHODS
The PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Wiley Online Library databases were searched for potential studies, using "periodontitis" and "visfatin" as the keywords in the title and abstract search fields. Standardized mean difference (SMD) values with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined from the results of this meta-analysis.
RESULTS
In total, 22 articles involving 456 patients with periodontitis and 394 healthy individuals (controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Visfatin levels were significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis than in the healthy individuals (SMD: 3.82, 95% CI [3.01-4.63]). Moreover, the visfatin levels were significantly lowered after periodontitis treatment (SMD: -2.29, 95% CI [-3.33 to -1.26]).
CONCLUSION
This first-ever meta-analysis comparing visfatin levels between patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals suggests that this adipocytokine can be a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for periodontal disease.
Topics: Humans; Adipokines; Case-Control Studies; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis
PubMed: 38560458
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17187 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Intelectin-1 (ITLN1) is an adipokine with multiple physiological functions, including a role in tumour formation and development. Previous research reported variable...
BACKGROUND
Intelectin-1 (ITLN1) is an adipokine with multiple physiological functions, including a role in tumour formation and development. Previous research reported variable ITLN1 levels for cancer patients and healthy individuals. This study aimed to compare ITLN1 concentrations between controls and cancer patients and to determine the adipokine's physiological level.
METHODS
Five databases were searched in January 2022 for studies that measured the level of ITLN1 in adults that were healthy or diagnosed with any type of cancer. After title, abstract and full-text screening, the methodological quality of the studies was assessed. The extracted data were meta-analysed using the R language and Bayesian statistical techniques.
RESULTS
Overall, 15 studies compared circulating ITLN1 levels between healthy individuals (n=3424) and cancer patients (n=1538), but no differences were observed between these studies. ITLN1 was not different between groups in an analysis that evaluated high-quality studies only (n=5). The meta-analysis indicated considerably higher ITLN1 levels in gastrointestinal (i.e., colorectal, pancreatic, gastric) cancer compared to controls, while the other cancer types did not demonstrate differences between groups. The mean ITLN1 level of healthy individuals was 234 ± 21ng/ml (n=136), while the average value in high-quality studies (n=52) was 257 ± 31ng/ml.
CONCLUSION
Different types of cancer showed different circulating ITLN1 patterns. Circulating ITLN1 concentration was higher in gastrointestinal cancer compared to controls, with strong support from the meta-analytical model. Our analysis also determined the mean ITLN1 level in healthy individuals; this is a crucial starting point for understanding how this cytokine associates with diseases. Two-thirds of the studies were of low methodological quality and thus, future work in this field must focus on improved methods.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=303406, identifier CRD42022303406.
PubMed: 38482202
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1198555 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2015The purpose of this systematic meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms and non-Hodgkin lymphoma... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk.
METHODS
All studies published up to July 2014 on the association between LEP and LEPR polymorphisms and NHL risk were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for LEP and LEPR polymorphisms and NHL were calculated with fixed-effects and random-effects models.
RESULTS
LEP G2528A polymorphism was associated with increased, yet not statistically significant risk of NHL (homozygote comparison, OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.01-1.60, p=0.63; heterozygote comparison, OR=1.13, 95% CI=0.86-1.49, p=0.14; dominant model, OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.99-1.41, p=0.21; recessive model, OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.97-1.43, p=0.78; additive model, OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.01-1.28, p=0.52). Significant decrease of NHL risk was found in LEP A19G polymorphism, while no links were detected with the LEPR polymorphisms studied. In subgroup analysis, the pooled results showed that LEP A19G polymorphism was associated with decreased risk of follicular lymphoma (FL) (homozygote comparison, OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.37-0.85, p=0.69). However, no evidence of a significant association was observed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) for variant genotypes of all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
CONCLUSIONS
LEP G2548A polymorphism contributes to NHL susceptibility. Also, our results provide evidence that LEP A19G polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of NHL, especially in FL. Further large-scale and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this association.
Topics: Chi-Square Distribution; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Leptin; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protective Factors; Receptors, Leptin; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25778326
DOI: No ID Found -
Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Dec 2023Over the last decade, an emerging role of novel cytokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been proposed. The present study was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Over the last decade, an emerging role of novel cytokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been proposed. The present study was implemented to provide a more accurate estimate of the effect size of the association between leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the risk of GDM. Online databases were looked up to January 2023 using the search string: (leptin OR TNF-α OR IL-6) AND "gestational diabetes." Observational studies investigating the association of selected cytokines and GDM risk were included. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect. Twenty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis. A significant association was found between higher circulating leptin and the risk of GDM and the pooled estimate was 1.16 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.27). Higher circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with increased risk of GDM, and the pooled estimates were 1.35 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.73) and 1.28 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.62), respectively. The studied cytokines could be implicated in the GDM pathogenesis and used as potential biomarkers for assessing the GDM risk. Additional longitudinal studies with large sample sizes are needed for a further evaluation of these findings.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Leptin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Interleukin-6; Cytokines
PubMed: 36944372
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2183049 -
Medicine Jul 2018Many studies have indicated that leptin is correlated with breast cancer occurrence and tumor behavior. However, this issue remains controversial. Therefore, we... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Many studies have indicated that leptin is correlated with breast cancer occurrence and tumor behavior. However, this issue remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis to investigate the role of leptin in breast cancer.
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature search and identified relevant papers up to 1 September 2017. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate effect sizes.
RESULTS
Thirty-five eligible studies were included in the current meta-analysis. Serum leptin levels were related to breast cancer risk as demonstrated by calculations of the overall SMD = 0.46 (95% CI = 0.31-0.60, I = 93.5%). A subgroup analysis of BMI identified an association between breast cancer and serum leptin levels in patients who are overweight and obese (overweight: SMD = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13-0.57, I = 88.1%; obesity: SMD = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.64-2.12, I = 89.6%). Additionally, menopausal status subgroup analysis revealed a significant association in postmenopausal women (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.12-0.40, I = 77.9%). Furthermore, we identified a significant association between breast cancer and serum leptin levels in Chinese women (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.79, I = 40.6%).
CONCLUSION
The results of this meta-analysis suggested that leptin could be a potential biomarker for breast cancer risk in women, especially overweight/obese or postmenopausal women. Therefore, it may be useful for identifying subjects with a high risk for breast cancer who may benefit from preventive treatments.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Leptin; Menopause; Obesity; Overweight; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29979411
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011345