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BMC Oral Health Sep 2023Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common facial birth defect worldwide and causes morphological, aesthetic, and functional problems with psychosocial implications... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common facial birth defect worldwide and causes morphological, aesthetic, and functional problems with psychosocial implications for an individual's life and well-being. The present systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether the treatment of CLP impacts the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents in comparison to healthy controls.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases using terms related to CLP, and included articles until August 2023. Observational comparison studies that assessed OHRQoL in non-syndromic CLP patients aged 8-19 years with validated scales designed to such aim or scales capable to identify aspects related to oral health compared to healthy controls were included. We used the ROBINS-I tool for risk of bias assessment. A meta-analysis of continuous variables was performed using inverse variance for pooling estimates, Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) as a summary measure, with random effects model. Heterogeneity was estimated by the I statistics. Sensitivity analyses included subgrouping based on the scale, risk of bias and scale domains. Meta-regression was performed under a mixed-effects model considering the variables type of scale, scale domains and risk of bias.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included comprising 1,185 patients with CLP and 1,558 healthy controls. The direction of the effect of OHRQoL favoured the healthy group (-0.92; 95% CI:-1,55;-0,10) and I = 95%. After removing three studies, I dropped to 80%. Meta-regression showed no influence on risk of bias (p = 0.2240) but influence of scale type (p = 0.0375) and scale domains (p < 0.001). The subgroup analysis indicated that the CPQ and COHIP scales presented very discrepant SMD values, despite pointing to the same effect direction. In contrast, the OHIP scale showed a non-significant difference between cases and controls, with estimates much lower than the other two scales. Results also suggest that OHRQoL associated with oral functionality and social well-being is more influential on outcomes than emotional well-being.
CONCLUSION
The global OHRQoL is slightly worst in the CLP patients than control group. The difference between OHRQoL was mainly detected through OHIP. The most affected domains are functional, emotional and social.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022336956.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Cleft Lip; Quality of Life; Cleft Palate; Health Status
PubMed: 37716942
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03382-4 -
International Journal of Orthopaedic... May 2022This systematic scoping review sought to summarise and synthesise the qualitative evidence on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) to understand the experiences of AIS,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
This systematic scoping review sought to summarise and synthesise the qualitative evidence on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) to understand the experiences of AIS, and of its diagnosis and treatment, and effective coping strategies to inform directions for future research.
METHOD
A systematic scoping review and textual narrative synthesis was undertaken. Qualitative or mixed-methods studies with extractable qualitative data were included if participants had AIS, and patient or patient relative perspectives about AIS or its treatment were reported.
RESULTS
Fifteen papers were included. These suggested that AIS can influence self-image and perceptions of appearance and can cause those with the condition to reluctantly adjust parts of their lives and avoid some activities. The diagnosis and treatment of AIS is a major event and is often accompanied by shock, uncertainty, and anxiety. Whilst some find surgery stressful, others were relieved to have the surgery, and were generally happy with the outcome. Immediate family members may be distressed by the diagnosis and treatment of AIS.
DISCUSSION
AIS diagnosis and treatment has a substantial impact on adolescents and their families that is only addressed in part in this review. There is a pressing need for more qualitative research to understand needs, perspectives and experiences of adolescents with AIS and their families from the point of diagnosis, throughout treatment, and in the longer-term.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Humans; Qualitative Research; Scoliosis; Text Messaging
PubMed: 35217471
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2022.100921 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2023This scoping review investigates the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among adolescents. The rise... (Review)
Review
This scoping review investigates the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among adolescents. The rise in SSB consumption among young individuals has become a global public health concern due to its association with obesity, diabetes, and various other health problems. The purpose of this scoping review is to map out and examine the various technology-based interventions used in reducing sugar-sweetened beverages among children and adolescents. A systematic search of three databases using the PRISMA guideline was followed, and 474 articles were retrieved. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and the critical appraisal using the critical appraisal skill program (CASP). The seven articles underwent both descriptive and thematic analysis. Four technology-based interventions were identified from the selected articles, which include smartphone apps, online or web-based tools, text messages, and social marketing strategies. Our findings suggest that these interventions hold promise in improving adolescents' eating patterns and health outcomes associated with SSB intake, highlighting their potential as useful strategies in resolving this urgent public health concern.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Sugar-Sweetened Beverages; Beverages; Obesity; Public Health; Text Messaging
PubMed: 38063531
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237101 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Sep 2022Child and adolescent overweight and obesity have increased globally and are associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Child and adolescent overweight and obesity have increased globally and are associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of surgery for treating obesity in childhood and adolescence.
SEARCH METHODS
For this update, we searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database (LILACS), World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP)and ClinicalTrials.gov on 20 August 2021 (date of the last search for all databases). We did not apply language restrictions. We checked references of identified studies and systematic reviews.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of surgical interventions for treating obesity in children and adolescents (age < 18 years) with a minimum of six months of follow-up. We excluded interventions that specifically dealt with the treatment of eating disorders or type 2 diabetes, or which included participants with a secondary or syndromic cause of obesity, or who were pregnant.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Where necessary, we contacted authors for additional information.
MAIN RESULTS
With this update, we did not find any new RCTs. Therefore, this updated review still includes a single RCT (a total of 50 participants, 25 in both the intervention and comparator groups). The intervention focused on laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery, which was compared to a control group receiving a multi-component lifestyle programme. The participating population consisted of Australian adolescents (a higher proportion of girls than boys) aged 14 to 18 years, with a mean age of 16.5 and 16.6 years in the gastric banding and lifestyle groups, respectively. The trial was conducted in a private hospital, receiving funding from the gastric banding manufacturer. For most of the outcomes, we identified a high risk of bias, mainly due to bias due to missing outcome data. Laparoscopic gastric banding surgery may reduce BMI by a mean difference (MD) of -11.40 kg/m (95% CI -13.22 to -9.58) and weight by -31.60 kg (95% CI -36.66 to -26.54) compared to a multi-component lifestyle programme at two years follow-up. The evidence is very uncertain due to serious imprecision and a high risk of bias. Adverse events were reported in 12/25 (48%) participants in the intervention group compared to 11/25 (44%) in the control group. A total of 28% of the adolescents undergoing gastric banding required revisional surgery. The evidence is very uncertain due to serious imprecision and a high risk of bias. At two years of follow-up, laparoscopic gastric banding surgery may increase health-related quality of life in the physical functioning scores by an MD of 16.30 (95% CI 4.90 to 27.70) and change in health scores by an MD of 0.82 (95% CI 0.18 to 1.46) compared to the lifestyle group. The evidence is very uncertain due to serious imprecision and a high risk of bias. No data were reported for all-cause mortality, behaviour change, participants' views of the intervention and socioeconomic effects. Finally, we have identified three ongoing RCTs that are evaluating the efficacy and safety of metabolic and bariatric surgery in children and adolescents.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Laparoscopic gastric banding led to greater body weight loss compared to a multi-component lifestyle program in one small study with 50 participants. These results have very limited application, primarily due to more recent recommendations derived from observation studies to avoid the use of banding in youth due to long-term reoperation rates. This systematic review update still highlights the lack of RCTs in this field. The authors are concerned that there may be ethical barriers to RTCs in this field, despite the lack of other effective therapies for severe obesity in children and adolescents and the significant morbidity and premature mortality caused by childhood obesity. Nevertheless, future studies, whether pre-registered and planned non-randomised or pragmatic randomised trials, should assess the impact of the surgical procedure and post-operative care to minimise adverse events, including the need for post-operative adjustments and revisional surgery. Long-term follow-up is also critical to comprehensively assess the impact of surgery as participants enter adulthood.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Australia; Child; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Pediatric Obesity; Quality of Life
PubMed: 36074911
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011740.pub2 -
Neonatology 2019Hypoglycaemia is the most common metabolic problem in neonates but there is no universally accepted threshold for safe blood glucose concentrations due to uncertainty... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Hypoglycaemia is the most common metabolic problem in neonates but there is no universally accepted threshold for safe blood glucose concentrations due to uncertainty regarding effects on neurodevelopment.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically assess the association between neonatal hypoglycaemia on neurodevelopment outcomes in childhood and adolescence.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception until February 2018. We included studies that reported one or more prespecified outcomes and compared children exposed to neonatal hypoglycaemia with children not exposed. Studies of neonates with congenital malformations, inherited metabolic disorders and congenital hyperinsulinism were excluded. Two authors independently extracted data using a customized form. We used ROBINS-I to assess risk of bias, GRADE for quality of evidence, and REVMAN for meta-analysis (inverse variance, fixed effects).
RESULTS
1,665 studies were screened, 61 reviewed in full, and 11 included (12 publications). In early childhood, exposure to neonatal hypoglycaemia was not associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (n = 1,657 infants; OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.86-1.57) but was associated with visual-motor impairment (n = 508; OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.13-10.57) and executive dysfunction (n = 463; OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.20-5.22). In mid-childhood, neonatal hypoglycaemia was associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (n = 54; OR = 3.62, 95% CI = 1.05-12.42) and low literacy (n = 1,395; OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.20-3.47) and numeracy (n = 1,395; OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.21-3.44). No data were available for adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
Neonatal hypoglycaemia may have important long-lasting adverse effects on neurodevelopment that may become apparent at later ages. Carefully designed randomized trials are required to determine the optimal management of neonates at risk of hypoglycaemia with long-term follow-up at least to school age.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Infant, Newborn; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30408811
DOI: 10.1159/000492859 -
Clinical Psychology Review Mar 2019Attachment theory proposes that humans develop representations of self and other in early childhood which are relatively stable across the life-course, and play a key...
BACKGROUND
Attachment theory proposes that humans develop representations of self and other in early childhood which are relatively stable across the life-course, and play a key role in psychological adaptation. However, to date, the psychometric properties of attachment measures in middle childhood and adolescence have not been evaluated in a systematic review.
METHOD
A systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42017057772) was conducted using COSMIN criteria. Two researchers independently searched MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Embase databases for relevant articles.
RESULTS
Fifty-four studies were included in the review. The methodological quality of studies was typically fair or poor, with only a small number of studies being rated as of good or excellent quality. The measurement properties of attachment measures in this age group were frequently rated as inadequate according to COSMIN criteria. The Child Attachment Interview (CAI) has the best psychometric properties of the interview and projective measures, and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) the best evidence of the self-report measures. Overall, the evidence for the CAI and IPPA included both positive and negative findings relating to adequacy of measurement properties.
CONCLUSIONS
Attachment measures in middle childhood and adolescence currently have limited evidence for the adequacy of their psychometric properties.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Object Attachment; Psychological Tests; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 30732974
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.12.004 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021Bone mass acquisition during growth is a major determinant of the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Body composition is an anthropometric determinant of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Bone mass acquisition during growth is a major determinant of the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Body composition is an anthropometric determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) and significantly influences its development during childhood and adolescence.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to systematically examine the association between body composition and bone mineral density in children and adolescents.
METHODS
Observational studies addressing this association were identified from PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library (up to January 2021). The study populations consisted of healthy children and adolescents. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled estimates of effect size and the respective 95% confidence intervals for upper limbs, femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS) and total body, respectively. Subgroup analyses were further performed based on age, sex and ethnicity.
RESULTS
Thirty-one published studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis, including three longitudinal studies. The combined population from all the studies amounted to 21,393 (11,205 males and 10,188 females). The pooled estimates of the correlation coefficients for lean mass (LM) and BMD ranged from 0.53 to 0.74 ( < 0.050), and the pooled regression coefficients ranged from 0.23 to 0.79 for FN, LS and total body ( < 0.050). For fat mass (FM), the pooled correlation coefficients ranged from 0.10 to 0.50 ( < 0.050) and the pooled regression coefficient was only significant for FN BMD with a weak strength (pooled β = 0.07, < 0.050). The pooled regression coefficients for body fat percentage (BF%) were between -0.54 and -0.04 ( < 0.050). The subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association in Asians than in Caucasians for LM and in males compared to females for BF% ( < 0.050).
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis supports a positive association between LM and BMD. BF% appears to have a deleterious effect on bone acquisition in children and adolescents.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Body Composition; Bone Density; Child; Female; Femur Neck; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Observational Studies as Topic; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 34831882
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212126 -
Journal of Pediatric Health Care :... 2024The objective of this systematic review was to determine the global prevalence of complementary medicine (CM) use among children and adolescents. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this systematic review was to determine the global prevalence of complementary medicine (CM) use among children and adolescents.
METHOD
Seven databases and the reference lists of included studies were searched for pertinent observational studies. Studies were limited to those published in English from July 1, 2013. Included studies were appraised using the JBI checklist for prevalence studies.
RESULTS
Twenty studies were eligible for inclusion (385,527 participants). Most studies were assessed as having low risk of bias. Meta-analyses revealed a 23.0% (95% confidence interval, 0.226-0.234; 17 studies) short-term (≤ 12 month) prevalence and a 77.7% (95% confidence interval, 0.760-0.794; six studies) lifetime prevalence of CM use in children and adolescents. Differences in CM use were evident across countries and regions.
DISCUSSION
The findings of this review indicate that the use of CM in children and adolescents is high and widespread and may be increasing.
Topics: Humans; Complementary Therapies; Adolescent; Child; Prevalence; Female; Male
PubMed: 38260926
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.12.010 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022Adolescent pregnancy is a major health and social concern in South Asia. The aim of this study is to systematically review evidence on the factors associated with... (Review)
Review
Adolescent pregnancy is a major health and social concern in South Asia. The aim of this study is to systematically review evidence on the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia. This study was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Four electronic databases: EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies on factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia published in English between January 2000 and July 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed using 12 criteria from The National Institute of Health (NIH) Study Quality Assessment Tools for observational studies. Of the 166 articles retrieved, only 15 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Consistent factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia were low maternal education, low socioeconomic status, rural residency, and ethnic minorities. To prevent adolescent pregnancy in South Asia, concerted effort towards promoting health equity by addressing the predisposing factors associated with adolescent pregnancy is essential. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42022340344].
Topics: Pregnancy; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Educational Status; Asia
PubMed: 36429723
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215004 -
The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health Dec 2019Leading suicide theories and research in adults suggest that pain can exacerbate the suicidal risk of an individual. Although pain and suicidality (including suicidal...
Leading suicide theories and research in adults suggest that pain can exacerbate the suicidal risk of an individual. Although pain and suicidality (including suicidal ideation, behaviour, and death by suicide) both increase in prevalence during adolescence, the relationship between these factors remains unclear. We aimed to systematically review the empirical evidence for such an association in adolescence. We included 25 observational studies published between January 1961 and December 2018, exploring the potential association between pain and suicidality in adolescents aged 10-19 years. Across various samples and manifestations of pain and suicidality, we found that pain approximately doubles the suicidal risk in adolescents, with a few studies suggesting that pain can predict suicidality longitudinally. Although depression was an important factor, it did not fully explain the association between pain and suicidality. Evidence for associations between pain characteristics and suicidality is sparse and inconclusive, and potentially hides developmental differences between adolescents and adults. Identification of psychological mediators and moderators is required to develop interventions tailored to the needs of adolescents experiencing pain. This study is registered with the PROSPERO database, number CRD42018097226.
Topics: Adolescent; Case-Control Studies; Child; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Observational Studies as Topic; Pain; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Vulnerable Populations; Young Adult; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 31606322
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30267-6