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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2022Aggression among group-housed male mice is a major animal welfare concern often observed at animal facilities. Studies designed to understand the causes of male mice... (Review)
Review
Aggression among group-housed male mice is a major animal welfare concern often observed at animal facilities. Studies designed to understand the causes of male mice aggression have used different methodological approaches and have been heterogeneous, using different strains, environmental enrichments, housing conditions, group formations and durations. By conducting a systematic literature review based on 198 observed conclusions from 90 articles, we showed that the methodological approach used to study aggression was relevant for the outcome and suggested that home cage observations were better when studying home cage aggression than tests provoking aggression outside the home cage. The study further revealed that aggression is a complex problem; one solution will not be appropriate for all animal facilities and all research projects. Recommendations were provided on promising tools to minimize aggression, based on the results, which included what type of environmental enrichments could be appropriate and which strains of male mice were less likely to be aggressive.
PubMed: 36611751
DOI: 10.3390/ani13010143 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2023: Higher level of aggression and antisocial behavior have been found in the period following head trauma. These changes are attributable to specific brain alterations... (Review)
Review
: Higher level of aggression and antisocial behavior have been found in the period following head trauma. These changes are attributable to specific brain alterations that generally involved frontal lobe, insula and limbic system. A descriptive review was conducted on the specificity of aggressive behavior in relation to traumatic brain injury by evaluating numerous variables, focusing on age at the time of trauma and neuroimaging studies. : We searched on PubMed and the Web of Science databases to screen references of included studies and review articles for additional citations. From an initial 738 publications, only 27 met the search criteria of describing the relationship between aggression, brain alterations and traumatic brain injury. : These findings showed that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is related to changes in behavior, personality and mood. : The development of aggressive and criminal behavior is associated with multiple factors, including the etiology of injury, environmental, psychosocial and personality factors and age at the time of trauma.
Topics: Humans; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Aggression; Brain; Craniocerebral Trauma; Personality
PubMed: 37629667
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081377 -
Conservation Biology : the Journal of... Feb 2023Although animal personality research may have applied uses, this suggestion has yet to be evaluated by assessing empirical studies examining animal personality and... (Review)
Review
Although animal personality research may have applied uses, this suggestion has yet to be evaluated by assessing empirical studies examining animal personality and conservation. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature relating to conservation science and animal personality. Criteria for inclusion in our review included access to full text, primary research articles, and relevant animal conservation or personality focus (i.e., not human personality studies). Ninety-two articles met these criteria. We summarized the conservation contexts, testing procedures (including species and sample size), analytical approach, claimed personality traits (activity, aggression, boldness, exploration, and sociability), and each report's key findings and conservation-focused suggestions. Although providing evidence for repeatability in behavior is crucial for personality studies, repeatability quantification was implemented in only half of the reports. Nonetheless, each of the 5 personality traits were investigated to some extent in a range of conservations contexts. The most robust studies in the field showed variance in how personality relates to other ecologically important variables across species and contexts. Moreover, many studies were first attempts at using personality for conservation purposes in a given study system. Overall, it appears personality is not yet a fully realized tool for conservation. To apply personality research to conservation problems, we suggest researchers think about where individual differences in behavior may affect conservation outcomes in their system, assess where there are opportunities for repeated measures, and follow the most current methodological guides on quantifying personality.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Conservation of Natural Resources; Personality
PubMed: 35561041
DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13935 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2016Psychotic disorders can lead some people to become agitated. Characterised by restlessness, excitability and irritability, this can result in verbal and physically... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Psychotic disorders can lead some people to become agitated. Characterised by restlessness, excitability and irritability, this can result in verbal and physically aggressive behaviour - and both can be prolonged. Aggression within the psychiatric setting imposes a significant challenge to clinicians and risk to service users; it is a frequent cause for admission to inpatient facilities. If people continue to be aggressive it can lengthen hospitalisation. Haloperidol is used to treat people with long-term aggression.
OBJECTIVES
To examine whether haloperidol alone, administered orally, intramuscularly or intravenously, is an effective treatment for long-term/persistent aggression in psychosis.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (July 2011 and April 2015).
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCT) or double blind trials (implying randomisation) with useable data comparing haloperidol with another drug or placebo for people with psychosis and long-term/persistent aggression.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
One review author (AK) extracted data. For dichotomous data, one review author (AK) calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a fixed-effect model. One review author (AK) assessed risk of bias for included studies and created a 'Summary of findings' table using GRADE.
MAIN RESULTS
We have no good-quality evidence of the absolute effectiveness of haloperidol for people with long-term aggression. One study randomising 110 chronically aggressive people to three different antipsychotic drugs met the inclusion criteria. When haloperidol was compared with olanzapine or clozapine, skewed data (n=83) at high risk of bias suggested some advantage in terms of scale scores of unclear clinical meaning for olanzapine/clozapine for 'total aggression'. Data were available for only one other outcome, leaving the study early. When compared with other antipsychotic drugs, people allocated to haloperidol were no more likely to leave the study (1 RCT, n=110, RR 1.37, CI 0.84 to 2.24, low-quality evidence). Although there were some data for the outcomes listed above, there were no data on most of the binary outcomes and none on service outcomes (use of hospital/police), satisfaction with treatment, acceptance of treatment, quality of life or economics.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Only one study could be included and most data were heavily skewed, almost impossible to interpret and oflow quality. There were also some limitations in the study design with unclear description of allocation concealment and high risk of bias for selective reporting, so no firm conclusions can be made. This review shows how trials in this group of people are possible - albeit difficult. Further relevant trials are needed to evaluate use of haloperidol in treatment of long-term/persistent aggression in people living with psychosis.
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Clozapine; Drug Administration Schedule; Haloperidol; Humans; Middle Aged; Olanzapine; Psychotic Disorders; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 27889922
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009830.pub2 -
Movement Disorders : Official Journal... Jul 2022Mutations in the GBA gene cause Gaucher's disease (GD) and constitute the most frequent genetic risk factor for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). Nonmanifesting... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mutations in the GBA gene cause Gaucher's disease (GD) and constitute the most frequent genetic risk factor for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). Nonmanifesting carriers of GBA mutations/variants (GBA-NMC) constitute a potential PD preclinical population, whereas PD patients carrying some GBA mutations/variants (GBA-PD) have a higher risk of a more aggressive disease course. Different neuroimaging techniques are emerging as potential biomarkers in PD and have been used to study GBA-associated parkinsonism.
OBJECTIVE
The aim is to critically review studies applying neuroimaging to GBA-associated parkinsonism.
METHODS
Literature search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE databases (last search February 7, 2022). Studies reporting neuroimaging findings in GBA-PD, GD with and without parkinsonism, and GBA-NMC were included.
RESULTS
Thirty-five studies were included. In longitudinal studies, GBA-PD patients show a more aggressive disease than iPD at both structural magnetic resonance imaging and 123-fluoropropylcarbomethoxyiodophenylnortropane single-photon emission computed tomography. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and brain perfusion studies reported a greater cortical involvement in GBA-PD compared to iPD. Overall, contrasting evidence is available regarding GBA-NMC for imaging and clinical findings, although subtle differences have been reported compared with healthy controls with no mutations.
CONCLUSIONS
Although results must be interpreted with caution due to limitations of the studies, in line with previous clinical observations, GBA-PD showed a more aggressive disease progression in neuroimaging longitudinal studies compared to iPD. Cognitive impairment, a "clinical signature" of GBA-PD, seems to find its neuroimaging correlate in the greater cortical burden displayed by these patients as compared to iPD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Topics: Gaucher Disease; Glucosylceramidase; Humans; Neuroimaging; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders
PubMed: 35521899
DOI: 10.1002/mds.29047 -
Triangular relationship among risky sexual behavior, addiction, and aggression: A systematic review.Electronic Physician Aug 2017Risky sexual behavior (RSB), addiction, and aggression are three important personal and social factors which influence each other. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Risky sexual behavior (RSB), addiction, and aggression are three important personal and social factors which influence each other.
OBJECTIVE
To overview the potential relationship among RSB, addiction, and aggression to conduct an interactive model for the pathology and management of human behavior.
METHODS
This review article was carried out by searching studies in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Ebsco, IEEE, Scopus, Springer, MagIran, and IranMedex databases from the year 1993 to 2013. The search terms were violence, aggression, drug abuse, substance abuse, illicit drug, psychoactive drug, intravenous drug users, addiction and high-risk sexual relationships, unprotected sex, high risk sexual behavior, and sexual risk-taking. In this study, forty-nine studies were accepted for further screening, and met all our inclusion criteria (in English or Persian, full text, and included the search terms).
RESULTS
Forty-nine articles were included; 17 out of 26 studies showed a significant correlation between addiction and risky sexual behavior, 15 out of 19 articles indicated a statistically significant correlation between aggression and addiction, and 9 out of 10 articles reported significant correlation between aggression and risky sexual behavior.
CONCLUSION
According to the results, the triangle hypothesis of sex, addiction, and aggression led to the definition of the relationship among the variables of the hypothetical triangle based on the reviewed studies; and the proposed dual and triple relationship based on the conducted literature review was confirmed. This is not a meta-analysis, and there is no analysis of publication bias.
PubMed: 28979752
DOI: 10.19082/5129 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023(1) Background: Bullying is a worldwide public health problem, with short- and long-term physical, mental, and socio-economic implications for all involved, including... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: Bullying is a worldwide public health problem, with short- and long-term physical, mental, and socio-economic implications for all involved, including consequences as serious as suicide. (2) Objective: The aim of this study is to compile data on nursing interventions for preventing and addressing bullying at the international level. (3) Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines laid out in the PRISMA statement. The search included papers written in Spanish, English, and Portuguese over the previous five years from the following databases: Web of Science, CUIDEN, CINHAL, BDENF, Cochrane, Lilacs, and PubMed. The following descriptors were used: "Acoso escolar AND Enfermería", "Bullying AND Nursing" and "Intimidação AND Enferma-gem". Due to the heterogeneity in the methodology of the studies, a narrative synthesis of the results is provided. (4) The synthesis of results shows nurses' involvement in tackling and preventing bullying. Interventions are categorised into awareness raising; coping mechanisms; and approach/care, nursing skills in the face of bullying, and the role of the family in the face of bullying. (5) Conclusions: It is clear that at the international level, nursing is involved in planning and developing autonomous and interdisciplinary interventions to address and prevent bullying. The evidence paves the way for school nurses and family and community nurses to take steps to tackle this phenomenon.
Topics: Humans; Bullying; Adaptation, Psychological; Suicide; Public Health
PubMed: 36833610
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042914 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Recently, advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have allowed a more thorough understanding of tumorigenesis in aggressive PitNETs (pituitary neuroendocrine... (Review)
Review
Recently, advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have allowed a more thorough understanding of tumorigenesis in aggressive PitNETs (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors) through the identification of specific essential genes, crucial molecular pathways, regulators, and effects of the tumoral microenvironment. Target therapies have been developed to cure oncology patients refractory to traditional treatments, introducing the concept of precision medicine. Preliminary data on PitNETs are derived from preclinical studies conducted on cell cultures, animal models, and a few case reports or small case series. This study comprehensively reviews the principal pathways involved in aggressive PitNETs, describing the potential target therapies. A search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for English papers published between 1 January 2004, and 15 June 2023. 254 were selected, and the topics related to aggressive PitNETs were recorded and discussed in detail: epigenetic aspects, membrane proteins and receptors, metalloprotease, molecular pathways, PPRK, and the immune microenvironment. A comprehensive comprehension of the molecular mechanisms linked to PitNETs' aggressiveness and invasiveness is crucial. Despite promising preliminary findings, additional research and clinical trials are necessary to confirm the indications and effectiveness of target therapies for PitNETs.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pituitary Neoplasms; Pituitary Gland; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Aggression; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37958702
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115719 -
Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) Jun 2022Anger and aggression have large impact on people's safety and the society at large. In order to provide an intervention to minimise aggressive behaviours, it is...
Anger and aggression have large impact on people's safety and the society at large. In order to provide an intervention to minimise aggressive behaviours, it is important to understand the neural and cognitive aspects of anger and aggression. In this systematic review, we investigate the cognitive and neural aspects of anger-related processes, including anger-related behaviours and anger reduction. Using this information, we then review prior existing methods on the treatment of anger-related disorders as well as anger management, including mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy. At the cognitive level, our review that anger is associated with excessive attention to anger-related stimuli and impulsivity. At the neural level, anger is associated with abnormal functioning of the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In conclusions, based on cognitive and neural studies, we here argue that mindfulness based cognitive behavioural therapy may be better at reducing anger and aggression than other behavioural treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy or mindfulness alone. We provide key information on future research work and best ways to manage anger and reduce aggression. Importantly, future research should investigate how anger related behaviours is acquired and how stress impacts the development of anger.
PubMed: 35693838
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03143-6 -
Cancers Jun 2022Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is considered to have an excellent prognosis, some recently identified more aggressive variants show reduced overall survival... (Review)
Review
Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is considered to have an excellent prognosis, some recently identified more aggressive variants show reduced overall survival rates. Hobnail PTC (HPTC) was newly recognized as one of these aggressive forms, affecting recurrence, metastasis, and overall survival rates. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including cases or case series with patients with HPTC. Furthermore, we included our individual case series consisting of six patients. The pooled mortality rate in the cohort, consisting of 290 patients, was 3.57 (95% CI 1.67−7.65) per 100 person/years. No sex differences could be observed concerning mortality (p = 0.62), but older age and tumor size significantly affected mortality (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively). The percentage of hobnail cells did not affect mortality (p = 0.97), neither did the presence of BRAF mutations. Classical characteristics such as the presence of extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.001), distant metastases (p < 0.001), and lymph node metastases (p < 0.001) all had a significant impact on mortality. Thus, HPTC appears to correlate with worse overall survival, and all PTC cases should be carefully assessed for this variant.
PubMed: 35681765
DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112785