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Frontiers in Psychology 2020The goal of this study was to analyze the conceptualization of YPA (youth-to-parent aggression) in relation to terms, definitions, typologies and assessment instruments.... (Review)
Review
The goal of this study was to analyze the conceptualization of YPA (youth-to-parent aggression) in relation to terms, definitions, typologies and assessment instruments. To achieve this aim, a systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA protocol. Assessment instruments for YPA were examined in accordance with COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments). After reviewing the literature on conceptualization and measuring instruments, some gaps were found. The use of some particular terms was justified depending on the age of children and severity of case. Taking into account the theoretical background, a full definition of YPA was offered. Moreover, this study revealed that it was possible to discriminate four typologies of YPA (Offensive, Defensive, Affective, and Situational) as a function of the coercion level and nature of the violence. Eleven instruments to measure YPA were analyzed exhaustively, with the most reported and robust psychometric properties being internal consistency and structural validity, while other validity evidence was understudied. The CPV-Q (12-25 years) obtained the highest rating as a promising instrument. The initial psychodiagnosis of a YPA situation would help in the individual or family intervention, as well as prevent more severe situations of YPA through early intervention.
PubMed: 33329226
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577757 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023This paper presents the results from a systematic review on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce Cyberbullying (CB) as a function of their outcomes and main... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This paper presents the results from a systematic review on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce Cyberbullying (CB) as a function of their outcomes and main characteristics; and an analysis of the level of completeness to which the characteristics of these interventions are described.
METHODS
Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ERIC and Psycinfo databases on February 14, 2022. In addition, relevant publications were hand searched for relevant studies. We considered interventions that provided data on CB prevalence changes in populations between primary school and college age.
RESULTS
In total, 111 studies were retained for further screening from 3,477 results. Following rigorous screening, 43 reports including 46 studies and information from 36 different interventions were included in our systematic review. Results shows that most of the interventions measuring reductions in global CB, cyberperpetration/victimization, cybervictimization and cyberperpetration were effective or partially effective. While the interventions measuring reductions in cyber-bystanding were not effective. Multicomponent interventions showed higher effectiveness than single-component interventions. After completion of the TIDieR check-list, included interventions were considered to offer an insufficient level of detail for a number of the analyzed items in relation to "how well planned," "intervention modifications" and "tailoring."
CONCLUSION
Given the aforementioned, it is critical to increase the number of studies and the quality of interventions targeting CB and the level of detail of its description in order to obtain more robust outcomes about how to reduce its prevalence and facilitate the replication of the effective interventions.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-wn5u4-v1, Identifer DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WN5U4.
Topics: Humans; Cyberbullying; Checklist; Databases, Factual; Universities
PubMed: 37711240
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1219727 -
Cancers Jun 2022Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is considered to have an excellent prognosis, some recently identified more aggressive variants show reduced overall survival... (Review)
Review
Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is considered to have an excellent prognosis, some recently identified more aggressive variants show reduced overall survival rates. Hobnail PTC (HPTC) was newly recognized as one of these aggressive forms, affecting recurrence, metastasis, and overall survival rates. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including cases or case series with patients with HPTC. Furthermore, we included our individual case series consisting of six patients. The pooled mortality rate in the cohort, consisting of 290 patients, was 3.57 (95% CI 1.67−7.65) per 100 person/years. No sex differences could be observed concerning mortality (p = 0.62), but older age and tumor size significantly affected mortality (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively). The percentage of hobnail cells did not affect mortality (p = 0.97), neither did the presence of BRAF mutations. Classical characteristics such as the presence of extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.001), distant metastases (p < 0.001), and lymph node metastases (p < 0.001) all had a significant impact on mortality. Thus, HPTC appears to correlate with worse overall survival, and all PTC cases should be carefully assessed for this variant.
PubMed: 35681765
DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112785 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2017Aggression is a disposition, a willingness to inflict harm, regardless of whether this is behaviourally or verbally expressed and regardless of whether physical harm is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Aggression is a disposition, a willingness to inflict harm, regardless of whether this is behaviourally or verbally expressed and regardless of whether physical harm is sustained.De-escalation is a psychosocial intervention for managing people with disturbed or aggressive behaviour. Secondary management strategies such as rapid tranquillisation, physical intervention and seclusion should only be considered once de-escalation and other strategies have failed to calm the service user.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effects of de-escalation techniques in the short-term management of aggression or agitation thought or likely to be due to psychosis.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Study-Based Register of Trials (latest search 7 April, 2016).
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials using de-escalation techniques for the short-term management of aggressive or agitated behaviour. We planned to include trials involving adults (at least 18 years) with a potential for aggressive behaviour due to psychosis, from those in a psychiatric setting to those possibly under the influence of alcohol or drugs and/or as part of an acute setting as well. We planned to include trials meeting our inclusion criteria that provided useful data.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Two review authors inspected all abstracts of studies identified by the search process. As we were unable to include any studies, we could not perform data extraction and analysis.
MAIN RESULTS
Of the 345 citations that were identified using the search strategies, we found only one reference to be potentially suitable for further inspection. However, after viewing the full text, it was excluded as it was not a randomised controlled trial.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Using de-escalation techniques for people with psychosis induced aggression or agitation appears to be accepted as good clinical practice but is not supported by evidence from randomised trials. It is unclear why it has remained such an under-researched area. Conducting trials in this area could be influenced by funding flow, ethical concerns - justified or not - anticipated pace of recruitment as well the difficulty in accurately quantifying the effects of de-escalation itself. With supportive funders and ethics committees, imaginative trialists, clinicians and service-user groups and wide collaboration this dearth of randomised research could be addressed.
Topics: Aggression; Behavior Control; Crisis Intervention; Humans; Psychomotor Agitation; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 28368091
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009922.pub2 -
Frontiers in Sociology 2023This study aims to analyze the influence of syphilis among people with sexual and gender diversity, different from the binary dimension.
INTRODUCTION
This study aims to analyze the influence of syphilis among people with sexual and gender diversity, different from the binary dimension.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review was conducted as a method to address the objective of the study, based on the Dialectical Structural Model of Care (DSM), to obtain the phenomenon from the perspective of cultural history.
RESULTS
In this review the analysis of 129 documents, of which 22 texts were used. The construction of sex and gender in Western civilization is based on the Judeo-Christian tradition, which permitted many people throughout history to be persecuted and mistreated for living a lifestyle different from that dictated by religious and traditional canons. Therefore, throughout history, gender-diverse people, sexual minorities, and prostitutes have suffered segregation, mockery, aggression, and health problems, including syphilis.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite having a treatment and cure, syphilis has stood the test of time and has remained a secret pathology that is obscure and difficult to detect disease, which is still very much present in people of all social classes. It is necessary to review history to understand the reasons why syphilis is still prevalent in different societies today.
PubMed: 37920672
DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1232609 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Apr 2023Video gaming has witnessed tremendous growth in recent years. Video games have been associated with various negative effects on players, such as aggressive behavior and...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Video gaming has witnessed tremendous growth in recent years. Video games have been associated with various negative effects on players, such as aggressive behavior and reduced apathy. The present review aims to investigate the association between video games and violence among children and adolescents in the Arab world, while highlighting the influence of the type of video games played, time spent playing, and other possible associated factors.
METHODS
A literature search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases. All studies assessing video games and violence among children and adolescents written in English were eligible for inclusion in the review. A total of 9 studies were included in this systematic review.
RESULTS
Six studies investigated the relationship between video games and aggression, five of which found a significant association. Several factors have been studied to assess their role in mediating the association between the two. A statistically significant association was found between aggression and age and sex of the players, with a predominance among early adolescents and males. Longer durations spent playing video games were found in three studies to be significantly associated with a greater risk of aggression.
CONCLUSIONS
In the Arab world, studies addressing this subject are limited. The discrepancy of reported results between video games and amount of violence could be attributed to the lack of standardization across studies. Therefore, it becomes imperative to further explore the association through conclusive studies with standardized measures.(www.actabiomedica.it).
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Child; Arab World; Violence; Video Games; Aggression; Time Factors
PubMed: 37092628
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i2.14019 -
Journal of the Academy of... 2022Behavioral and emotional dyscontrol commonly occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroimaging and electrophysiological correlates of dyscontrol have not been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Behavioral and emotional dyscontrol commonly occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroimaging and electrophysiological correlates of dyscontrol have not been systematically summarized in the literature to date.
OBJECTIVE
To complete a systematic review of the literature examining neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings related to behavioral and emotional dyscontrol due to TBI.
METHODS
A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant literature search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Scopus databases prior to May 2019. The database query yielded 4392 unique articles. These articles were narrowed based on specific inclusion criteria (e.g., clear TBI definition, statistical analysis of the relationship between neuroimaging and dyscontrol).
RESULTS
A final cohort of 24 articles resulted, comprising findings from 1552 patients with TBI. Studies included civilian (n = 12), military (n = 10), and sport (n = 2) samples with significant variation in the severity of TBI incorporated. Global and region-based structural imaging was more frequently used to study dyscontrol than functional imaging or diffusion tensor imaging. The prefrontal cortex was the most common neuroanatomical region associated with behavioral and emotional dyscontrol, followed by other frontal and temporal lobe findings.
CONCLUSIONS
Frontal and temporal lesions are most strongly implicated in the development of postinjury dyscontrol symptoms although they are also the most frequently investigated regions of the brain for these symptom categories. Future studies can make valuable contributions to the field by (1) emphasizing consistent definitions of behavioral and emotional dyscontrol, (2) assessing premorbid dyscontrol symptoms in subjects, (3) utilizing functional or structural connectivity-based imaging techniques, or (4) restricting analyses to more focused brain regions.
Topics: Humans; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Neuroimaging; Emotions; Brain Injuries
PubMed: 35618223
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.05.004 -
Progress in Orthodontics Sep 2020Malocclusion is a highly prevalent public health problem, and several studies have shown its negative correlation with quality of life, self-esteem, and social... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Malocclusion is a highly prevalent public health problem, and several studies have shown its negative correlation with quality of life, self-esteem, and social perceptions. However, its association with bullying is still controversial.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the relationship between malocclusion and bullying in children and adolescents.
SEARCH METHODS
The databases used for the electronic researches were PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs/BBO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Grey literature was reviewed through Open Grey literature with no language or date restrictions. Selection criteria, based on the PECO strategy, were considered eligible observational studies that included schoolchildren or adolescents (P) with malocclusion (E), compared to those with normal occlusion (C), in which the relationship between malocclusion and bullying was determined (O).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Risk of bias evaluation was made for the qualitative synthesis by the Fowkes and Fulton criteria. Data regarding the age of participants and types of malocclusion and of bullying were extracted among other reported data. The quality of the evidence analyzed was evaluated through the GRADE approach.
RESULTS
From 2744 articles identified in databases, nine met the eligibility criteria and were included in present systematic review, of which two studies were judged with methodological soundness. The quality of the evidence was classified as very low due to very serious problems for "risk of bias" and "other considerations" and serious problems of "indirectness". The age of participants ranged from 9 to 34 years considering a cohort study, with a bullying recalling perspective. Malocclusion was both evaluated by researchers and self-reported by participants addressing dentofacial characteristics mostly related to the incisors relationship. All studies evaluated the verbal type of bullying, while 3 also considered physical type. Both types were reported as related to malocclusion, although the results showed that extreme maxillary overjet (> 4 mm, > 6 mm, > 9 mm), extreme deep overbite, and having space between anterior teeth or missing teeth were the types of malocclusion with the strongest relations to bullying.
CONCLUSIONS
With very low certainty of evidence, the results of this systematic review suggest that conspicuous extreme malocclusion may be related to the occurrence of bullying among children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Bullying; Child; Cohort Studies; Humans; Malocclusion; Overbite; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32869136
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00323-7 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... May 2023Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) have been negatively associated with several mental health problems, including delinquency. The study aimed to investigate the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) have been negatively associated with several mental health problems, including delinquency. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between R/S and interpersonal violence using a systematic review.
METHODS
We conducted a descriptive systematic review followed by meta-analyses using seven different databases. We included observational studies that assessed the relationship between R/S and different types of interpersonal violence (physical and sexual aggression and domestic violence).
RESULTS
A total of 16,599 articles were screened in the databases and, after applying the eligibility criteria, 67 were included in the systematic review and 43 were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that higher levels of R/S were significantly associated with decreased physical and sexual aggression, but not domestic violence. All selected studies evidenced sufficient methodological quality, with 26.8% being cohort studies. In the subanalyses, the role of R/S was more prevalent among adolescents.
CONCLUSION
There is an inverse relationship between R/S and physical and sexual aggression, suggesting a protective role. However, these results were not observed for domestic violence. Healthcare professionals and managers should be aware of their patients' beliefs when investigating interpersonal violence to create tailored interventions for reducing violent behavior.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Spirituality; Aggression; Health Personnel; Violence
PubMed: 36331229
DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2022-2832