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BMJ Clinical Evidence Jan 2015Nocturnal enuresis affects 15% to 20% of 5-year-old children, 5% of 10-year-old children, and 1% to 2% of people aged 15 years and older. Without treatment, 15% of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Nocturnal enuresis affects 15% to 20% of 5-year-old children, 5% of 10-year-old children, and 1% to 2% of people aged 15 years and older. Without treatment, 15% of affected children will become dry each year. Nocturnal enuresis is not diagnosed in children younger than 5 years, and treatment may be inappropriate for children younger than 7 years.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of non-pharmacological interventions for relief of symptoms of nocturnal enuresis? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found five studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: acupuncture, dry bed training, enuresis alarm, and hypnotherapy.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Clinical Alarms; Humans; Hypnosis; Nocturnal Enuresis; Safety; Teaching
PubMed: 25585036
DOI: No ID Found -
Global Health Research and Policy 2019Studies regarding blood pressure of Nepal have demonstrated a contrasting prevalence. We aimed at providing a generalized estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Studies regarding blood pressure of Nepal have demonstrated a contrasting prevalence. We aimed at providing a generalized estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Nepal.
METHODS
This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. A thorough search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed, and studies satisfying the eligibility criteria were reviewed. Pooled prevalence was calculated by random-effects model, and the sources of heterogeneity were explored with meta-regression and subgroup analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-three studies with 99,792 subjects were identified, and the estimated rate of hypertension and prehypertension were found to be 27.3% (95% CI: 23.8-30.9) and 35.4% (30.3-40.8). The prevalence of hypertension was 28.4% (22.4-34.7), 25.5% (21.4-29.8), and 24.4% (17.9-31.6) among urban, suburban, and rural populations, respectively. Moreover, rates of hypertension were found to be substantially higher in male (31.6%, 27.3-36.1) compared to female (20.0%, 14.2-26.6), and significantly higher among the middle-aged (≥40 years; 36.8%, 29.4-44.5) than among younger adults (< 40 years; 13.2%, 9.2-17.7). Further, prehypertension prevalence was found to be highest in rural areas (40.4%, 25.4-56.4) followed by urban areas (29.3%, 20.8-38.5) and lowest in suburban areas (25.5%, 18.9-32.7).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study identified an alarming situation of hypertension among Nepalese males and middle-aged, and a situation of concern with prehypertension in rural areas affecting almost 40 % of the population.
PubMed: 31165100
DOI: 10.1186/s41256-019-0102-6 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Obesity and psychiatric disorders have high prevalence and are both considered major health problems. Within the last decades, the rates of obesity have risen over 6%,... (Review)
Review
Obesity and psychiatric disorders have high prevalence and are both considered major health problems. Within the last decades, the rates of obesity have risen over 6%, while the prevalence of psychiatric disorders is over 12% for children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence regarding the relation of obesity and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. This review, based on the PRISMA guidelines, included cross-sectional studies published within the last decade, pertaining to the relation between psychiatric disorders and obesity in children and adolescents up to the age of 19 years. Studies on eating disorders were excluded. A total of 14 studies of 23,442 children and adolescents that investigated the relation of obesity with anxiety, mood disorders, and psychosis were included in this systematic review. Nine of the included studies reported a significant relationship between the psychiatric disorder under investigation and obesity. Understanding the nexus between obesity and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents is of great importance, given the alarming increase in both conditions in youth. Such findings could facilitate the development and implementation of targeted interventions.
PubMed: 36832413
DOI: 10.3390/children10020285 -
Chinese Journal of Cancer Jul 2016Owing to the use of tobacco and the consumption of alcohol and adulterated food, worldwide cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming and frightening rate. Since the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Owing to the use of tobacco and the consumption of alcohol and adulterated food, worldwide cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming and frightening rate. Since the last decade of the twentieth century, lung cancer has been the most common cancer type. This study aimed to determine the global status of lung cancer and to evaluate the use of computational methods in the early detection of lung cancer.
METHODS
We used lung cancer data from the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), India, and Egypt. For statistical analysis, we used incidence and mortality as well as survival rates to better understand the critical state of lung cancer.
RESULTS
In the UK and the US, we found a significant decrease in lung cancer mortalities in the period of 1990-2014, whereas, in India and Egypt, such a decrease was not much promising. Additionally, we observed that, in the UK and the US, the survival rates of women with lung cancer were higher than those of men. We observed that the data mining and evolutionary algorithms were efficient in lung cancer detection.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide an inclusive understanding of the incidences, mortalities, and survival rates of lung cancer in the UK, the US, India, and Egypt. The combined use of data mining and evolutionary algorithm can be efficient in lung cancer detection.
Topics: Early Detection of Cancer; Egypt; Female; Humans; Incidence; India; Lung Neoplasms; Male; United Kingdom; United States
PubMed: 27473753
DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0135-x -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jan 2021We sought to assess the quality of dermatological systematic reviews (SRs) and identify factors that predict high methodological quality. We searched for all SRs... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We sought to assess the quality of dermatological systematic reviews (SRs) and identify factors that predict high methodological quality. We searched for all SRs published in 2017 using PubMed, Epistemonikos, and the Cochrane Database of SRs. We included studies identified as SRs or meta-analysis in the title or abstract and dealing with a dermatological topic. Study selection and data extraction were carried out and Preferred Reporting Items for SRs and Meta-Analyses and rating by A MeaSurement Tool to Assess SRs 2 were used independently by two authors. On the basis of A MeaSurement Tool to Assess SRs 2, confidence in SRs results was classified as high, moderate, low, or very low. We included 732 studies. We described a random sample of 140. The overall rating of confidence in the results according to a tool called A MeaSurement Tool to Assess SRs 2 was high or moderate for nine reviews (6%). A total of 20 reviews (15%) had a registered protocol. Independent factors associated with moderate or high rating of A MeaSurement Tool to Assess SRs 2 were publication in a journal where Preferred Reporting Items for SRs and Meta-Analyses was mandatory (OR [95% confidence interval] = 27.0 [1.4-528]) and journal impact factor (OR of 1.9 [1.3-3]) for each increase in one more point. The observation that 90% of published dermatology SRs are of very low quality is alarming. Review registration in the International Prospective Register of SRs and full reporting according to Preferred Items for SRs and Meta-Analyses should be mandatory for publication. This study is registered in the International Prospective Register of SRs (CRD42018093856).
Topics: Databases, Factual; Dermatology; Humans; Quality Improvement
PubMed: 32603750
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.109 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2023The emerging research in the literature continues to forecast a drastic and alarming increase in negative mental health and sleep health outcomes among populations,... (Review)
Review
The Therapeutic Impact of Plant-Based and Nutritional Supplements on Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Quality among Adults and Elderly: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
BACKGROUND
The emerging research in the literature continues to forecast a drastic and alarming increase in negative mental health and sleep health outcomes among populations, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly influenced people's way of life. With mental health pharmaceutical interventions continuing to be stigmatized and inaccessible among populations, natural supplements provide an opportunity for intervention.
OBJECTIVE
This study sought to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the most recent comprehensive evidence for which nutritional supplements have the greatest therapeutic impact on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia.
METHODS
A systematic search of the literature, utilizing several databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, was conducted on 29 April 2022. We used developed keywords and MeSH terms for the search. The study eligibility criteria included (1) a randomized control trial; (2) investigating a plant-based therapeutic or natural supplement as the intervention; (3) measuring at least one health outcome of the following: anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, or sleep health outcomes; (4) utilizing validated measurement tools to measure the outcome of interest; (5) written in the English language; (6) peer reviewed; and (7) focused on adults and elderly populations.
MAIN RESULTS
Following the PRISMA guidelines, 76 studies were included in this review. We used the revised Risk of Bias tool (RoB2) to assess the quality of all included randomized control trials. A qualitative data synthesis was conducted. Overall, we found several valuable insights from the evidence in the literature, including evidence that demonstrates the benefits of probiotics and vitamin B complexes on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Implication of Key Findings: This review provides the most updated findings in the literature on the topic, including an abundance of research that was published in the past 5 years. Given the expected rise in negative mental and sleep health outcomes following the pandemic, the supplements and therapeutics identified in this study should be the target of intervention measures to increase their accessibility and affordability and allow them to be incorporated into clinical guidelines of treatment. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022361130.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Aged; Depression; Pandemics; Sleep Quality; COVID-19; Anxiety; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36982079
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065171 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... May 2016Patients with microscopic colitis and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) present with similar symptoms. We examined the association between IBS and microscopic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Patients with microscopic colitis and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) present with similar symptoms. We examined the association between IBS and microscopic colitis in a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
We searched the medical literature to identify cross-sectional surveys or case-control studies reporting the association between microscopic colitis and IBS in 50 or more unselected adult patients. We recorded the prevalence of IBS symptoms in patients with histologically confirmed microscopic colitis, or the prevalence of histologically confirmed microscopic colitis in patients with IBS. Data were pooled using a random-effects model; the association between microscopic colitis and IBS was summarized using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
The search strategy identified 3926 citations, of which 10 were eligible for our analysis. The pooled prevalence of IBS in patients with microscopic colitis was 33.4% (95% CI, 31.5%-40.6%), but was not significantly higher in patients with microscopic colitis than in patients with diarrhea (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.43-4.47). In 3 cross-sectional surveys, the pooled OR for microscopic colitis in participants with IBS, compared with other patients with diarrhea, was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.44-1.04). In 4 case-control studies the prevalence of IBS in patients with microscopic colitis was significantly higher than in asymptomatic controls (OR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.32-20.2).
CONCLUSIONS
Based on a meta-analysis, one third of patients with microscopic colitis reported symptoms compatible with IBS, but the prevalence of IBS was no higher than in other patients with diarrhea. The odds of microscopic colitis were no higher in patients with IBS compared with other patients with diarrhea. The value of routine colonoscopy and biopsy to exclude microscopic colitis in patients with typical IBS symptoms, unless other risk factors or alarm symptoms are present, remains uncertain.
Topics: Colitis, Microscopic; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Prevalence
PubMed: 26453949
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.09.031 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Dec 2023Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) commonly cause hospital-acquired infections and hospital outbreaks worldwide, with an alarming increase in Africa,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) commonly cause hospital-acquired infections and hospital outbreaks worldwide, with an alarming increase in Africa, necessitating review of regional CRE epidemiological trends.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines, searching PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for studies describing CRE distribution, risk factors for CRE acquisition and clinical outcome of CRE infections in Africa.
RESULTS
One-hundred and sixty-nine studies were included, with the majority from North Africa (92/169, 54.4%). Most studies (136/169; 80.4%) focused only on infection, with a total of 15666 CRE isolates (97.4% clinical infection, 2.6% colonisation). The leading bacterial species included Klebsiella (72.2%), Escherichia coli (13.5%), and Enterobacter (8.3%). The most frequently detected carbapenemases were NDM (43.1%) and OXA-48-like (42.9%). Sequence types were reported in 44 studies, with ST101 and ST147 most commonly reported in K. pneumoniae, and ST410, ST167 and ST38 in E. coli. Previous antibiotic use, prior hospitalisation, surgical procedures, indwelling devices, intensive care unit admission and prolonged hospital stay, were the most frequent factors associated with CRE infection/colonisation. Crude mortality for CRE infection was 37%.
CONCLUSION
Although K. pneumoniae and E. coli remain the most frequent CRE in Africa, observed sequence types are not the commonly reported global 'high-risk' clones. The distribution of species and carbapenemases differs across African regions, while risk factors for CRE colonisation/infection, and patient outcomes are similar to those reported globally. There are limited data on CREs from parts of Africa, highlighting the need to strengthen epidemiologic surveillance programmes in the region.
Topics: Humans; Carbapenems; Escherichia coli; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37879456
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.008 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022This systematic review describes the role of the human microbiome and microbiota in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Studies on the microbiota of patients,...
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review describes the role of the human microbiome and microbiota in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Studies on the microbiota of patients, healthcare environment (HE), medical equipment, or healthcare workers (HCW) and how it could be transmitted among the different subjects will be described in order to define alarming risk factors for HAIs spreading and to identify strategies for HAIs control or prevention.
METHODS
This review was performed in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After retrieval in databases, identification, and screening of available records, 36 published studies were considered eligible and included in the review.
RESULTS
A multifaceted approach is required and the analyses of the many factors related to human microbiota, which can influence HAIs onset, could be of paramount importance in their prevention and control. In this review, we will focus mainly on the localization, transmission, and prevention of ESKAPE (, and ) bacteria and Clostridium difficile which are the most common pathogens causing HAIs.
CONCLUSIONS
Healthcare workers' microbiota, patient's microbiota, environmental and medical equipment microbiota, ecosystem characteristics, ways of transmission, cleaning strategies, and the microbial resistome should be taken into account for future studies on more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies against HAIs.
Topics: Humans; Cross Infection; Microbiota; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 36530685
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.989496 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an increasingly prevalent condition globally. Latino populations in the USA have shown an alarming increase in factors associated with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an increasingly prevalent condition globally. Latino populations in the USA have shown an alarming increase in factors associated with MetS in recent years. The objective of the present systematic review was to determine the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors in immigrant Latinos in the USA and perform a meta-analysis of those prevalence. The review included cross-sectional, cohort, or case−control studies involving adult immigrant Latinos in the USA, published during the period 1980−2020 in any language. Studies involving individuals who were pregnant, aged <18 years, immigrant non-Latinos, published outside the 1980−2020 period, or with other design types were excluded. The Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases were searched. The risk of bias was assessed using the checklists of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The review included 60 studies, and the meta-analysis encompassed 52 studies. The pooled prevalence found for hypertension, diabetes, general obesity, and abdominal obesity were 28% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 23−33%), 17% (95% CI: 14−20%), 37% (95% CI: 33−40%), and 54% (95% CI: 48−59%), respectively. The quality of the evidence of the primary studies was classified as low or very low. Few studies including immigrants from South America were identified. Further studies of those immigrants are needed due to the cultural, dietary, and language disparities among Latin American countries. The research protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF).
Topics: Adult; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypertension
PubMed: 36674066
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021307