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Physiological Reports Mar 2023Radiodermatitis (RD) occurs in 95% of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. At present, there is no effective treatment for the management of this complication... (Review)
Review
Radiodermatitis (RD) occurs in 95% of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. At present, there is no effective treatment for the management of this complication of radiotherapy. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a polyphenolic and biologically active natural compound with various pharmacological functions. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of curcumin supplementation for reducing RD severity. This review complied with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Cochrane library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases. A total of seven studies comprising 473 cases and 552 controls were included in this review. Four studies demonstrated that curcumin supplementation had a beneficial effect on RD intensity. These data provide evidence for the potential clinical use of curcumin in supportive cancer care. Further large prospective and well-designed trials are warranted to exactly determine the "real effective extract, supplemental form and dose of curcumin" for RD prevention and treatment of patients receiving radiotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Radiodermatitis; Curcuma; Curcumin; Prospective Studies; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 36872842
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15624 -
Nutrients Jan 2023Physical activity in general and sports in particular, is a mechanism that produces stress and generates great force in the tendon and in the muscle-tendon unit, which... (Review)
Review
Physical activity in general and sports in particular, is a mechanism that produces stress and generates great force in the tendon and in the muscle-tendon unit, which increases the risk of injury (tendinopathies). Eccentric and repetitive contraction of the muscle precipitates persistent microtraumatism in the tendon unit. In the development of tendinopathies, the cellular process includes inflammation, apoptosis, vascular, and neuronal changes. Currently, treatments with oral supplements are frequently used. Curcumin seems to preserve, and even repair, damaged tendons. In this systematic review, we focus more especially on the benefits of curcumin. The biological actions of curcumin are diverse, but act around three systems: (a) inflammatory, (b) nuclear factor B (NF-κB) related apoptosis pathways, and (c) oxidative stress systems. A bibliographic search is conducted under the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) as a basis for reporting reliable systematic reviews to perform a Scoping review. After analysing the manuscripts, we can conclude that curcumin is a product that demonstrates a significant biological antialgic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant power. Therefore, supplementation has a positive effect on the inflammatory and regenerative response in tendinopathies. In addition, curcumin decreases and modulates the cell infiltration, activation, and maturation of leukocytes, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory mediators at the site of inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Curcumin; Myotendinous Junction; Tendinopathy; Tendons; Inflammation
PubMed: 36678255
DOI: 10.3390/nu15020384 -
European Journal of Cancer (Oxford,... Mar 2022Cancer in neonates and infants is a rare but challenging entity. Treatment is complicated by marked physiological changes during the first year of life, excess rates of... (Review)
Review
Cancer in neonates and infants is a rare but challenging entity. Treatment is complicated by marked physiological changes during the first year of life, excess rates of toxicity, mortality, and late effects. Dose optimisation of chemotherapeutics may be an important step to improving outcomes. Body size-based dosing is used for most anticancer drugs used in infants. However, dose regimens are generally not evidence based, and dosing strategies are frequently inconsistent between tumour types and treatment protocols. In this review, we collate available pharmacological evidence supporting dosing regimens in infants for a wide range of cytotoxic drugs. A systematic review was conducted, and available data ranked by a level of evidence (1-5) and a grade of recommendation (A-D) provided on a consensus basis, with recommended dosing approaches indicated as appropriate. For 9 of 29 drugs (busulfan, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, etoposide, fludarabine, isotretinoin, melphalan and vincristine), grade A was scored, indicating sufficient pharmacological evidence to recommend a dosing algorithm for infants. For busulfan and carboplatin, sufficient data were available to recommend therapeutic drug monitoring in infants. For eight drugs (actinomycin D, blinatumomab, dinutuximab, doxorubicin, mercaptopurine, pegaspargase, thioguanine and topotecan), some pharmacological evidence was available to guide dosing (graded as B). For the remaining drugs, including commonly used agents such as cisplatin, cytarabine, ifosfamide, and methotrexate, pharmacological evidence for dosing in infants was limited or non-existent: grades C and D were scored for 10 and 2 drugs, respectively. The review provides clinically relevant evidence-based dosing guidance for cytotoxic drugs in neonates and infants.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Busulfan; Carboplatin; Etoposide; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 34865945
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.11.001 -
Nutrition and Health Mar 2024Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the L (turmeric) plant and has gained attention through its perceived anti-inflammatory characteristics. The potential... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the L (turmeric) plant and has gained attention through its perceived anti-inflammatory characteristics. The potential interaction with exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) has led to investigation of curcumin as a post-exercise strategy that may have the potential to lessen acute reductions in functional strength (FS) following physical activity. The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence examining curcumin in relation to four outcome measures: FS, EIMD, DOMS and inflammation. A Medline, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL database search was undertaken with no publication date limit. Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Three meta-analyses were completed for EIMD, DOMS and inflammation, respectively, with FS being excluded due to limited research. Effect sizes were as follows: EIMD (0.15, -0.12, -0.04, -0.2 and -0.61 corresponding to 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-exercise, respectively), DOMS (-0.64, -0.33, 0.06, -0.53 and -1.16 corresponding to 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-exercise, respectively) and inflammation (-0.10, 0.26, 0.15 and 0.26 corresponding to 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise, respectively). A 96 h post-exercise inflammation meta-analysis was not conducted due to limited data. No effect sizes were statistically significant for EIMD ( = 0.644, 0.739, 0.893, 0.601 and 0.134), DOMS ( = 0.054, 0.092, 0.908, 0.119 and 0.074) and inflammation ( = 0.729, 0.603, 0.611 and 0.396). Further research is needed to thoroughly examine whether an effect exists.
Topics: Humans; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Myalgia; Inflammation; Muscles; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 37408367
DOI: 10.1177/02601060231186439 -
Environment International Feb 2023Epidemiologic studies of serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and antibody response to vaccines have suggested an adverse association, but the consistency... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Epidemiologic studies of serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and antibody response to vaccines have suggested an adverse association, but the consistency and magnitude of this association remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE
The goal of this systematic review was to determine the size of the association between a doubling in perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) serum concentration and difference in log antibody concentration following a vaccine, with a focus on five PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA).
DATA SOURCE
We conducted online searches of PubMed and Web of Science through May 17, 2022 and identified 14 eligible reports published from 2012 to 2022.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS
We included studies conducted in humans, including mother-child pairs, which examined serum PFAS concentration in relation to serum concentration of antibody to a specific antigen following a vaccine.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS
We used the risk of bias assessment for non-randomized studies of exposure and certainty assessment method proposed by Morgan et al. (2019). Using a multilevel meta-regression model, we quantitatively synthesized the data.
RESULTS
The 14 reports represented 13 unique groups of subjects; the frequency of studies of a given antibody was Tetanus (n = 7); followed by Diphtheria (6); Measles (4); Rubella (3); Haemophilus influenzae type b and Influenza A H1N1 (2 each); and Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Influenza A H2N3, Influenza B, and Mumps (1 each). There were approximately 4,830 unique participants included in the analyses across the 14 reports. The models of coefficients between antibody concentration and the five principal PFAS showed homogeneity of associations across antibody types for each principal PFAS. In the models with all antibodies treated as one type, evidence of effect modification by life stage was present for PFOA and PFOS, and for consistency, all associations were evaluated for all ages and for children. The summary associations (coefficients for difference in log[antibody concentration] per doubling of serum PFAS) with 95% confidence intervals that excluded zero ("statistical support"), and certainty of evidence ratings were as follows: for PFOA and all antibodies treated as one type in all ages, -0.06 (-0.10, -0.01; moderate) and in children, -0.10 (-0.16, -0.03; moderate); for Diphtheria in children, -0.12 (-0.23, -0.00; high); for Rubella in all ages, -0.09 (-0.17, -0.01; moderate), and for Tetanus in children, -0.12 (-0.24, -0.00; moderate). For PFOS the summary associations were, for all antibodies treated as one type in all ages, -0.06 (-0.11, -0.01; moderate) and in children, -0.10 (-0.18, -0.03; moderate); for Rubella in all ages, -0.09 (-0.15, -0.03; high) and in children, -0.12 (-0.20, -0.04; high). For PFHxS the summary associations were, for all antibodies treated as one type in all ages, -0.03 (-0.06, -0.00; moderate) and in children, -0.05 (-0.09, -0.00; low); and for Rubella in children, -0.07 (-0.11, -0.02; high). Summary associations for PFNA and PFDA did not have statistical support, but all PFAS studied tended to have an inverse association with antibody concentrations.
LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Epidemiologic data on immunosuppression and five principal PFAS suggest an association, with support across antibodies against multiple types of antigens. Data on Diphtheria, Rubella, and Tetanus were more supportive of an association than for other antibodies, and support was greater for associations with PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS, than for PFNA or PFDA. The data on any specific antibody were scarce. Confounding factors that might account for the relation were not identified. Nearly all studies evaluated were judged to have a low or moderate risk of bias.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Environmental Pollutants; Tetanus; Diphtheria; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Fluorocarbons; Vaccines; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Alkanesulfonates; Rubella
PubMed: 36764183
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107734 -
International Heart Journal Nov 2023Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) is a large group of fluorinated synthetic chemicals, e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) is a large group of fluorinated synthetic chemicals, e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). Many epidemiological studies have found that PFAS exposure is associated with hypertension risk, but others possess a different opinion. Overall, the relationship between PFASs and hypertension risk remains controversial. We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between PFAS exposure and human risk of hypertension.We conducted a meta-analysis based on population-involving studies published from 1975 to 2023, which we collected from Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases. The odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD), with their 95% confidence interval (CI), were used to assess the risk of hypertension with PFAS exposure. The statistical heterogeneity among studies was assessed with the Q-test and I statistics. Research publications related to our meta-analysis topic were systematically reviewed.Fourteen studies involving 71,663 participants, in which 26,281 suffered hypertension, met the inclusion criteria. Our analyses suggest that exposure to general PFAS (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04-1.14) or PFOS (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05-1.30) is associated with hypertension risk. Specifically, elevated levels of general PFAS (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.08-0.42), PFHxS (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.07-0.27), and PFDA (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02-0.13) are associated with a high risk of hypertension.Our meta-analysis indicates that PFAS exposure is a risk factor for hypertension, and increased hypertension risk is associated with higher PFAS levels. Further study may eventually provide a better and more comprehensive elucidation of the potential mechanism of this association.
Topics: Humans; Environmental Pollutants; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Fluorocarbons
PubMed: 37967990
DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-036 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Dec 2021The aim of this study was to critically appraise and evaluate effects of low- and high-dose curcuminoids on pain and functional improvement in patients with knee... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to critically appraise and evaluate effects of low- and high-dose curcuminoids on pain and functional improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to compare adverse events (AEs) between curcuminoids and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
METHODS
We systematically reviewed all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on curcuminoids in knee osteoarthritis from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, AMED, Cinahl, ISI Web of Science, Chinese medical database, and Indian Scientific databases from inception to June 21, 2021.
RESULTS
We included eleven studies with a total of 1258 participants with primary knee OA. The meta-analysis results showed that curcuminoids were significantly more effective than comparators regarding visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scores. However, no significant difference in pain relief or AEs between the high-dose (daily dose ≥1000 mg or total dose ≥42 gm) and low-dose (daily dose <1000 mg or total dose <42 gm) curcuminoid treatments was observed. When comparing curcumininoids versus NSAIDs, a significant difference in VAS pain was found. For AE analysis, three of our included studies used NSAIDs as comparators, with all reporting higher AE rates in the NSAID group, though significance was reached in only one study.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of our meta-analysis suggest that low- and high-dose curcuminoids have similar pain relief effects and AEs in knee OA. Curcuminoids are also associated with better pain relief than NSAIDs; therefore, using curcuminoids as an adjunctive treatment in knee OA is recommended.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Curcumin; Humans; Knee Joint; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Pain Measurement; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34537344
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102775 -
Pharmacological Research Mar 2022Metabolic diseases are globally popular, and a systematic review and meta-analysis of turmeric and curcuminoids on glucose metabolism among people with metabolic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Turmeric and curcuminiods ameliorate disorders of glycometabolism among subjects with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Metabolic diseases are globally popular, and a systematic review and meta-analysis of turmeric and curcuminoids on glucose metabolism among people with metabolic diseases was performed.
DESIGN
We comprehensively searched Web of Science, PubMed, Ovid (including EMBASE and MEDLINE), Scopus, the Cochrane Library and two Chinese databases, Wanfang and CNKI for RCTs that focused on the effects of turmeric and curcuminoids on fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), fasting serum insulin (FSI) and HOMA-IR among patients with metabolic diseases. The FBG and HbA1c were the main outcomes to be analyzed. With random-effects models, separate meta-analyses were conducted by inverse-variance and reported as WMD with 95% CIs.
RESULTS
Evidence from 17 RCTs including 22 trials showed that turmeric and curcuminoids lowered FBG by - 7.86 mg/dL (95% CI: -12.04, -3.67 mg/dL; P = 0.0002), HbA1c by - 0.38% (95% CI: -0.52%, -0.23%; P < 0.00001) and HOMA-IR by - 1.01 (95% CI: -1.6, -0.42; P = 0.0008). Moreover, they decreased fasting serum insulin by - 1.69 mU/L (95% CI: -3.22, -0.16 mU/L; P = 0.03) after more than 8 weeks of intervention in a subgroup analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Turmeric and curcuminiods decrease FBG, HbA1c and HOMA-IR significantly among subjects with metabolic disease. Additionally, they may have an effect on FSI concentrations if the intervention period is more than 8 weeks. However, attention should be paid to these outcomes due to the significant heterogeneity.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Curcuma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarylheptanoids; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Diseases; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 35143971
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106121 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Sep 2019Dyslipidemia is a global health problem and a high risk factor for atherosclerosis, which can lead to serious cardiovascular disease (CVD). Existing studies have shown... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Dyslipidemia is a global health problem and a high risk factor for atherosclerosis, which can lead to serious cardiovascular disease (CVD). Existing studies have shown inconsistent effects of turmeric and curcuminoids on blood lipids in adults. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of turmeric and curcuminoids on blood triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. We searched the English databases of the Web of Science, PubMed, Ovid (including EMBASE and MEDLINE), Scopus, and the Cochrane Library and 2 Chinese databases, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied the effects of turmeric and curcuminoids on blood TG, TC, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol in subjects with metabolic diseases. With random-effects models, separate meta-analyses were conducted by using inverse-variance. The results are presented as the mean difference with 95% CIs. Evidence from 12 RCTs for TG, 14 RCTs for TC, 13 RCTs for LDL cholesterol, and 16 RCTs for HDL cholesterol showed that turmeric and curcuminoids could lower blood TG by -19.1 mg/dL (95% CI: -31.7, -6.46 mg/dL; P = 0.003), TC by -11.4 mg/dL (95% CI: -17.1, -5.74 mg/dL; P < 0.0001), and LDL cholesterol by -9.83 mg/dL (95% CI: -15.9, -3.74 mg/dL; P = 0.002), and increase HDL cholesterol by 1.9 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.31, 3.49 mg/dL; P = 0.02). In conclusion, turmeric and curcuminoids can significantly modulate blood lipids in adults with metabolic diseases. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the significant heterogeneity between included studies (I2 > 50%). There is a need for further RCTs in future.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Curcuma; Diarylheptanoids; Dietary Supplements; Dyslipidemias; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Triglycerides
PubMed: 31212316
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz021 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Feb 2024Although previous studies have shown an association between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurodevelopmental disorders in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Although previous studies have shown an association between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurodevelopmental disorders in children, the results have been inconsistent. We summarize studies on the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and neurodevelopment in children in order to better understand the relationship.
OBJECTIVE
We conducted a meta-analysis of prenatal PFAS exposure and developmental outcomes associated with intellectual, executive function and behavioral difficulty in children to explore the relationship between prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurodevelopmental disorders in children.
METHODS
We searched for articles published up to August 3, 2023, included and quantified original studies on PFAS and child Intelligence Quotient (IQ), executive function and behavioral difficulty during pregnancy, and systematically summarized articles that could not be quantified.
CONCLUSION
There is evidence of sex-specific relationship between PFAS exposure and children's PIQ. We found that PFOS [β = -1.56, 95% CI = -2.96, - 0.07; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase], PFOA [β = -1.87, 95% CI = -3.29, - 0.46; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase], PFHxS [β = -2.02, 95% CI = -3.23, - 0.81; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase] decreased performance IQ in boys, but PFOS [β = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.06, 3.06; exposure = per 1 ln (ng/ml) increase] increased performance IQ in girls. PFAS are associated with executive function impairments in children, but not related to behavioral difficulty in children.
Topics: Male; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Child; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Fluorocarbons; Intelligence Tests; Environmental Pollutants; Alkanesulfonic Acids
PubMed: 38211513
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115939