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The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic... Jun 2016Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease with a high impact on self-esteem and patients' health-related quality of life. In the last decades some studies have pointed out... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease with a high impact on self-esteem and patients' health-related quality of life. In the last decades some studies have pointed out mental disorders associated with psoriasis and the etiopathogenic mechanisms behind that co-existence. This work compiles psychopathology associated with psoriasis and further analyzes the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and mental disorders.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and using the "5S" levels of organization of evidence from healthcare research, as previously described.
RESULTS
Psoriasis is linked with many mental disorders, both in the psychotic and neurotic sprectrum. Chronic stress diminishes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and upregulates sympathetic-adrenal-medullary responses, stimulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, it maintains and exacerbates psoriasis and some of its mental disorders. High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines connect psoriasis, psychiatric conditions, and other comorbidities of psoriasis (such as atherosclerosis) within a vicious cycle. Furthermore, the etiopathogenesis of the link between each psychiatric comorbidity and psoriasis has its own subtleties, including the cooccurrence of other comorbidities, the parts of the body affected by psoriasis, treatments, and biological and psychosocial factors.
CONCLUSION
The study of psychopathology can amplify our understanding about the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis and associated mental disorders. Patients would benefit from a psychodermatologic approach. The adequate treatment should take into account the mental disorders associated with psoriasis as well as the circumstances under which they occur.
PubMed: 27386050
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Occupational... Oct 2014Stress is a common hazard in the work environment and is associated with multiple adverse health effects. The association between work-related stress (WRS) and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Stress is a common hazard in the work environment and is associated with multiple adverse health effects. The association between work-related stress (WRS) and cardiovascular disease has been established in a number of epidemiological studies.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement of the English literature involving WRS and carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT).
RESULTS
Four cohorts and six cross-sectional studies of occupational stress and CIMT were identified. All cohorts and five of the cross-sectional studies reported a significant positive association, while one reported an inverse association of WRS and CIMT.
DISCUSSION
The weight of the evidence that we were able to identify suggests that occupational stress results in an increased risk of atherosclerosis, assessed via CIMT. Studies that include longitudinal measures of stress and intermediate cardiac endpoints, with adequate accounting for confounders, are needed. Interventional studies should also be conducted to determine whether CIMT progression can be prevented with workplace stress reduction.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Humans; Occupational Diseases; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 25072637
DOI: 10.1179/2049396714Y.0000000076 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023The presence of a pro-oxidant state in patients with schizophrenia may account for the increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this group and... (Review)
Review
The presence of a pro-oxidant state in patients with schizophrenia may account for the increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this group and supports the potential utility of circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress for risk stratification and management. We investigated this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the circulating concentrations of paraoxonase-1, an antioxidant calcium-dependent high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase, with paraoxonase and arylesterase activity in schizophrenia. We searched electronic databases from inception to 31 May 2023 for studies investigating paraoxonase-1 in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023435442). Thirteen studies were identified for analysis. There were no significant between-group differences in paraoxonase (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.12, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.48, = 0.50; extremely low certainty of evidence) or arylesterase activity (SMD = -0.08, 95% CI -0.39 to 0.23, = 0.61; very low certainty of evidence). However, in meta-regression and subgroup analysis we observed significant associations between the SMD of paraoxonase and age ( = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol ( = 0.029), and study country ( = 0.04), and the SMD of arylesterase and age ( = 0.007), body mass index ( = 0.012), HDL-cholesterol ( = 0.002), and pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia ( < 0.001). In the absence of overall between-group differences, our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that alterations in paraoxonase-1 may reflect a pro-oxidant state in specific subgroups of patients with schizophrenia that require further assessment in appropriately designed studies.
PubMed: 37627479
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081484 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Jun 2021It was a meta-analysis on the efficacy of statins in the treatment of atherosclerosis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
It was a meta-analysis on the efficacy of statins in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
METHODS
The PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Sciences, and other Chinese and English databases were used to retrieve literature on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of statins in the treatment of atherosclerosis, published from January 2000 to January 2021. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention 5.0.2 was used to conduct bias risk assessment, and Review Manager 5.3 software (RevMan) was used for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 12 articles with 1,180 participants were included in the meta-analysis. In the observation group, the plaque area [mean difference (MD) =-1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.03 to -0.38; Z =2.87; P=0.004], total cholesterol (TC) level (MD =-0.72; 95% CI: -1.01 to -0.43; Z =4.83; P<0.00001), triglyceride (TG) level (MD =-0.43; 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.09; Z =2.51; P=0.01), and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) level (MD =-0.79; 95% CI: -1.41 to -0.18; Z =2.54; P=0.01) were lower, while the clinical effective rate (MD =3.64; 95% CI: 1.39 to 9.53; Z =2.64; P=0.008) was higher, and the difference was notable. No notable difference was noted in intra-media thickness (IMT) (MD =-0.41; 95% CI: -0.88 to -0.06; Z =1.7; P=0.09), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level (MD =-1.61; 95% CI: -3.59 to 0.37; Z =1.7; P=0.09), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level (MD =0.14; 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.30; Z =2.54; P=0.09) between the 2 groups.
DISCUSSION
The use of statins in the treatment of atherosclerosis can reduce the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, mitigate clinical symptoms, and reduce blood lipids with good efficacy.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Lipoproteins, LDL; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 34237978
DOI: 10.21037/apm-21-1243 -
F1000Research 2022Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly prevalent, chronic inflammatory condition of the synovial joints that affects approximately 1% of the global population. The...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly prevalent, chronic inflammatory condition of the synovial joints that affects approximately 1% of the global population. The pathogenesis of RA is predominantly inflammatory in nature, thereby accelerating the co-occurrence of other immunoinflammatory conditions such as atherosclerosis. Apart from traditional cardiovascular risk factors, RA patients possess a multitude of other factors that predispose them to early atherosclerotic disease. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the prevalence of premature atherosclerosis in RA patients and elucidate the role that proinflammatory cytokines, RA-related autoantibodies, and endothelial dysfunction play in the pathophysiology of RA-mediated atherosclerosis. We also discussed novel biomarkers that can be used to predict early atherosclerosis in RA and current guidelines used to treat RA. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines to select and analyze relevant articles. A literature search for articles was performed on February 25, 2022, through three research databases including PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. The query used to identify relevant publications was "Rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis" and the search duration was set from 2012-2022. Relevant articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our initial search generated 21,235 articles. We narrowed our search according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After assessing eligibility based on the full content of the articles, 73 articles were ultimately chosen for this review. There is an increased prevalence of accelerated atherosclerosis among RA patients. We found evidence to explain the role of proinflammatory cytokines, RA-related autoantibodies, and endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology RA-mediated atherosclerosis. Therapies targeting either the inflammatory load or traditional CV risk-factors seem to improve vascular outcomes in RA patients. Novel markers of atherosclerosis in RA may be useful in predicting premature atherosclerosis and serve as new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Topics: Humans; Atherosclerosis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Risk Factors; Cytokines; Autoantibodies
PubMed: 36249997
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.112921.2 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2017Osteocalcin (OC) is an intriguing hormone, concomitantly being the most abundant non-collagenous peptide found in the mineralized matrix of bone, and expanding the...
BACKGROUND
Osteocalcin (OC) is an intriguing hormone, concomitantly being the most abundant non-collagenous peptide found in the mineralized matrix of bone, and expanding the endocrine function of the skeleton with far-reaching extra-osseous effects. A new line of enquiry between OC and vascular calcification has emerged in response to observations that the mechanism of vascular calcification resembles that of bone mineralisation. To date, studies have reported mixed results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify any association between OC and vascular calcification and atherosclerosis.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Databases were searched for original, peer reviewed human studies. A total of 1,453 articles were retrieved, of which 46 met the eligibility criteria. Overall 26 positive, 17 negative, and 29 neutral relationships were reported for assessments between OC (either concentration in blood, presence of OC-positive cells, or histological staining for OC) and extent of calcification or atherosclerosis. Studies that measured OC-positive cells or histological staining for OC reported positive relationships (11 studies). A higher percentage of Asian studies found a negative relationship (36%) in contrast to European studies (6%). Studies examining carboxylated and undercarboxylated forms of OC in the blood failed to report consistent results. The meta-analysis found no significant difference between OC concentration in the blood between patients with "atherosclerosis" and control ( = 0.13, = 1,197).
CONCLUSION
No definitive association was determined between OC and vascular calcification or atherosclerosis; however, the presence of OC-positive cells and histological staining had a consistent positive correlation with calcification or atherosclerosis. The review highlighted several themes, which may influence OC within differing populations leading to inconclusive results. Large, longitudinal studies are required to further current understanding of the clinical relevance of OC in vascular calcification and atherosclerosis.
PubMed: 28824544
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00183 -
The Japanese Dental Science Review Dec 2023The mechanisms modulated by periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Aim: to perform an integrative analysis of gene and protein expression... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The mechanisms modulated by periodontal pathogens in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. Aim: to perform an integrative analysis of gene and protein expression modulated by periodontal pathogens in cells and animal models for atherosclerosis.
METHODS
Cochrane, PRISMA and AMSTAR2 guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. Data search was conducted in Pub-med, LILACS and Science Direct databases. Gene and protein expression data were collected from the included papers to perform an overrepresentation analysis using the Reactome Pathway Analysis tool and the KEGG database.
RESULTS
Thirty-two papers were included in the review, they analyzed the effect of , , , , , and or/and their virulent factors on gene and protein expression in human cells and animal models of atherosclerosis. Some of the modulated pathways include the immune system, programmed cell death, cellular responses to external stimuli, transport of small molecules, and signal transduction (p < 0.05). Those pathways are known to be involved in different stages of atherosclerosis progression.
CONCLUSION
Based on the performed analysis, it is possible to state that periodontal pathogens have the potential to be a contributing factor for atherosclerosis even in absence of a high-fat diet or high shear stress.
PubMed: 36654677
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.12.001 -
Inflammation Research : Official... Mar 2024The availability of robust biomarkers of endothelial activation might enhance the identification of subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The availability of robust biomarkers of endothelial activation might enhance the identification of subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of cell adhesion molecules in RA patients.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases from inception to 31 July 2023 for case-control studies assessing the circulating concentrations of immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules (vascular cell, VCAM-1, intercellular, ICAM-1, and platelet endothelial cell, PECAM-1, adhesion molecule-1) and selectins (E, L, and P selectin) in RA patients and healthy controls. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the JBI checklist and GRADE, respectively.
RESULTS
In 39 studies, compared to controls, RA patients had significantly higher concentrations of ICAM-1 (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.81, 95% CI 0.62-1.00, p < 0.001; I = 83.0%, p < 0.001), VCAM-1 (SMD = 1.17, 95% CI 0.73-1.61, p < 0.001; I = 95.8%, p < 0.001), PECAM-1 (SMD = 0.82, 95% CI 0.57-1.08, p < 0.001; I = 0.0%, p = 0.90), E-selectin (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.86, p < 0.001; I = 75.0%, p < 0.001), and P-selectin (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI 0.50-1.60, p < 0.001; I = 84.8%, p < 0.001), but not L-selectin. In meta-regression and subgroup analysis, significant associations were observed between the effect size and use of glucocorticoids (ICAM-1), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (VCAM-1), study continent (VCAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin), and matrix assessed (P-selectin).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of our study support a significant role of cell adhesion molecules in mediating the interplay between RA and atherosclerosis. Further studies are warranted to determine whether the routine use of these biomarkers can facilitate the detection and management of early atherosclerosis in this patient group. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42023466662.
Topics: Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; E-Selectin; P-Selectin; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biomarkers; Atherosclerosis
PubMed: 38240792
DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01837-6 -
Journal of the American Heart... Nov 2023Intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD) alters cerebrovascular hemodynamics and brain structural integrity. Multiple studies have evaluated the link between ICAD and...
BACKGROUND
Intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD) alters cerebrovascular hemodynamics and brain structural integrity. Multiple studies have evaluated the link between ICAD and cognitive impairment, with mixed results. This study aims to systematically review and summarize the current evidence on this link.
METHODS AND RESULTS
PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched from 2000 to 2023 without language restriction. Cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies as well as postmortem studies were included. Studies containing data on the link between ICAD, defined as at least 50% stenosis in 1 intracranial vessel, and cognitive impairment and dementia were screened by 2 independent reviewers. A total of 22 (17 observational and 5 postmortem) unique studies, comprising 11 184 individuals (average age range, 59.8-87.6 years; 45.7% women; 36.5% Asian race), were included in the systematic review. Seven of 10 cross-sectional studies and 5 of 7 prospective studies showed a significant association between ICAD and cognitive impairment. In the pooled analysis, ICAD was associated with greater cognitive impairment (measure of association, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.49-2.35]). Meta-regression analyses did not show a significant impact of age, sex, and race. All postmortem studies showed that patients with Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia had a higher burden of ICAD compared with controls.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that ICAD is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia across age, sex, and race groups. Our findings may underscore the need to develop individualized dementia preventive care plans in patients with ICAD.
PubMed: 37955546
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.032506 -
Cureus Oct 2023With the advent of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been modified into a chronic manageable condition, prolonging... (Review)
Review
With the advent of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been modified into a chronic manageable condition, prolonging the lifespan of people living with HIV (PLHIV). This has resulted in an increased non-AIDS-related morbidity in the HIV-infected population. Our aim is to study the role of contemporary ART in tackling the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in PLHIV. We searched through the databases of PubMed, PubMed Central, and Cochrane Library for pertinent articles using the medical subject headings (MeSH) "HIV infection", "Atherosclerosis", and "Antiretroviral agents". The articles published in the past five years were retrieved, screened for relevance, and assessed for quality before being included in the review. This review was performed following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The results indicate that the incidence of dyslipidemia with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is greater than with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and lesser than with protease inhibitors (PIs). INSTIs are indispensably associated with weight gain and obesity. High triglyceride (TG) and oxidized low-density lipoproteins to low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL/LDL) ratio levels and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are seen in patients taking PIs. A higher incidence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MetS) was noticed with INSTIs compared to NNRTIs. PI intake for >5 years increases the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. Increased risk of myocardial infarction with INSTIs was observed in a study, while another study reported decreased risk. HIV infection independently increases the risk for atherosclerosis and CVD. Although contemporary ART decreases this enhanced risk, it inherently increases the risk for abnormal lipid profile, MetS, weight gain, and obesity. Further research into the risk of atherosclerosis and CVD with newer ART drugs is essential for decoding the underlying mechanisms and preventing adverse cardiac outcomes in PLHIV.
PubMed: 38021858
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47730