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Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2020Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has been reported to have beneficial effects in improving behavioral deficits, and rescuing dopaminergic neuron loss in rodent models...
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has been reported to have beneficial effects in improving behavioral deficits, and rescuing dopaminergic neuron loss in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, their pooled effects for dopaminergic neuron have yet to be described. To review the neuroprotective effect of naïve BMSCs in rodent models of PD. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched up to September 30, 2020. Inclusion criteria according to PICOS criteria were as follows: (1) population: rodents; (2) intervention: unmodified BMSCs; (3) comparison: not specified; (4) primary outcome: tyrosine hydroxylase level in the substantia nigra pars compacta and rotational behavior; secondary outcome: rotarod test, and limb function; (5) study: experimental studies. Multiple prespecified subgroup and meta-regression analysis were conducted. Following quality assessment, random effects models were used for this meta-analysis. Twenty-seven animal studies were included. The median quality score was 4.7 (interquartile range, 2-8). Overall standardized mean difference between animals treated with naïve BMSCs and controls was 2.79 (95% confidence interval: 1.70, 3.87; < 0.001) for densitometry of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive staining; -1.54 (95% confidence interval: -2.11, -0.98; < 0.001) for rotational behavior. Significant heterogeneity among studies was observed. Results of this meta-analysis suggest that naïve BMSCs therapy increased dopaminergic neurons and ameliorated behavioral deficits in rodent models of PD.
PubMed: 33362527
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.539933 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology Feb 2020A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies was conducted to assess if the radiomorphometric indexes observed in panoramic radiographies... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies was conducted to assess if the radiomorphometric indexes observed in panoramic radiographies could estimate reduced bone mineral density (BMD) similarly to standard technique the bone densitometry (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) in females older than 30 years.
METHODS
A systematic search in four databases was conducted until January 2019. Two evaluators performed data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias independently, and agreement was achieved by consensus. Data were synthesized on a subgroup meta-analysis with a random effect model and the hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to calculate pooled estimates of studies.
RESULTS
Thirty three studies were included and 12 different radiomorphometric indexes identified, including Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI). The final number of cases pooled for the analysis was 5266 females.The MCI for BMD loss (osteopenia) presented values of sensitivity 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.78-0.84] and specificity 0.48 (95% CI, 0.45-0.50), while for osteoporosis sensitivity 0.35 (95% CI, 0.30-0.40) and specificity 0.88 (95% CI, 0.86-0.90). The mandibular cortical width presented values of sensitivity 0.58 (95% CI, 0.40-0.73), specificity 0.73 (95% CI, 0.60-0.83) for osteopenia, while for osteoporosis sensitivity 0.57 (95% CI, 0.36-0.76) and specificity 0.83 (95% CI, 0.68-0.92). Due to the high sensitivity, MCI presented a potential value as a screening tool for initial BMD loss (osteopenia), once tests presenting high sensitivity are described as rarely missing subjects with the disease. To the other hand, MCI to osteoporosis and Mandibular Cortical Width for both conditions are not recommended because presented specificity higher than sensitivity.
CONCLUSION
The MCI can be recommended as a feasible tool to screen initial BMD loss (osteopenia) in females above 30 years old using panoramic radiography exams.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Female; Humans; Mandible; Osteoporosis; Radiography, Panoramic
PubMed: 31596133
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20190149 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Sep 2018The Body Adiposity Index (BAI) is a practical anthropometric method used to measure body fat (BF) percentage (BF%). Recently developed, the validity and precision of BAI...
The Body Adiposity Index (BAI) is a practical anthropometric method used to measure body fat (BF) percentage (BF%). Recently developed, the validity and precision of BAI has been studied with adult samples of men and women, populations from different countries and ethnicities, varying amounts of BF, and sensitivity to detecting change over time. However, it is still necessary to determine its potential use in clinical practice and epidemiologic studies. Thus, our objective was to verify, through a systematic review, the validity of the BAI in predicting BF% in adults. Two independent researchers performed a search using PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. In order to be included, the studies had to use dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. We excluded studies with samples from individuals with diseases or syndromes that alter the regional distribution of BF%. We included 19 studies with samples on individuals from different continents, varied ethnicities, both sexes, and a wide age range (18-83 y). The concordance of the BAI with DXA assessed by Lin's concordance correlation coefficient showed results classified as poor (pc < 0.90). Bland-Altman plots showed that the BAI produced large individual errors when predicting BF% in all studies using this analysis. The studies were consistent in affirming that the BAI showed limited capacity to estimate BF% in adults. The BAI shows wide individual errors, in agreement with the reference method, and a lack of sensitivity in detecting change in BF% over time. The method presents a systematic error of BF% overestimation in individuals with ≤20% of BF, and underestimation in individuals with >30% of BF, regardless of sex, age, and ethnicity. The results of this systematic review show enough evidence that the BAI does not present satisfying results, and its use is not recommended for BF% determination in adults.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthropometry; Female; Health Status Indicators; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Statistics, Nonparametric; Young Adult
PubMed: 30239583
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy043 -
Pediatric Radiology Oct 2018Metabolic bone disease of prematurity is characterised by disordered bone mineralisation and is therefore an increased fracture risk. Preterm infants are especially at...
Metabolic bone disease of prematurity is characterised by disordered bone mineralisation and is therefore an increased fracture risk. Preterm infants are especially at risk due to incomplete in utero bone accretion during the last trimester. Currently, diagnosing metabolic bone disease mainly relies on biochemistry and radiographs. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and quantitative ultrasound (US) are used less frequently. However, biochemical measurements correlate poorly with bone mineralisation and although scoring systems exist for metabolic bone disease, radiographs are subjective and do not detect early features of osteopenia. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry is the reference standard for determining bone density in older children and adults. However, challenges with this method include movement artefact, difficulty scanning small and sick infants and a lack of normative data for young children. Quantitative US has a relatively low cost, is radiation-free and portable, and may hence be suitable for assessing bone status in preterm infants. This review aims to provide an overview of the use of quantitative US in detecting metabolic bone disease in preterm infants.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 29907939
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-4161-5 -
BMC Nephrology Aug 2019Patients treated with conventional hemodialysis have poor physical performance, explained by insufficient metabolic clearance and shortage of time by time-consuming...
BACKGROUND
Patients treated with conventional hemodialysis have poor physical performance, explained by insufficient metabolic clearance and shortage of time by time-consuming dialysis. Nocturnal hemodialysis improves metabolic control and results in increased spare time. Our aim is to investigate whether physical performance in nocturnal hemodialysis is superior to conventional hemodialysis.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PhycInfo and Web of Science until January 2018. Primary outcomes were physical performance, activity, strength and muscle mass in home or in-center nocturnal hemodialysis. Methodological quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
RESULTS
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, including 2 RCTs, evaluating 526 nocturnal hemodialysis patients with a mean follow-up of 15, 3 months. The methodological quality of 4 studies was limited. Physical capacity tests were done in 3 studies with different methodology: short-physical performance battery, exercise spirometry and 6-min walk test. The latter 2 showed significant improvements in physical performance. Four studies assessed lean mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (2×) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (2×), of which 1 demonstrated increased lean body and skeletal muscle mass. In 5 studies a Quality of Life questionnaire was used, of which 2 showed improved physical component score.
CONCLUSIONS
The evidence on the effect of nocturnal hemodialysis on physical performance is either of insufficient methodological quality or only measures isolated aspects of physical performance. As literature emphasizes the importance of physical activity on clinical outcomes, it is necessary to conduct larger studies of high methodological quality using capacity tests for answering the question whether nocturnal hemodialysis can improve physical performance of patients with end-stage renal disease.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NTR4715, Netherlands Trial Register. Registered 30 July 2014.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Bias; Electric Impedance; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Functional Performance; Quality of Life; Renal Dialysis; Spirometry; Thinness; Time Factors; Walk Test
PubMed: 31412793
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1518-4 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology May 2021This systematic literature review addressed the use of mandibular cortical index (MCI), assessed by panoramic radiography, for the identification of postmenopausal women...
OBJECTIVES
This systematic literature review addressed the use of mandibular cortical index (MCI), assessed by panoramic radiography, for the identification of postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporosis.
METHODS
Databases were searched for original research studies published from September 2010 to September 2020 using the following keywords: "postmenopausal osteoporosis" and synonyms combined with "panoramic radiography" and synonyms. Only English language manuscripts and studies pertaining to the MCI were selected.
RESULTS
A total of 24 studies were included. The publications were highly heterogeneous in terms of the subject of interest, the MCI, with some studies comparing the usefulness of the MCI using panoramic radiography and using cone beam computed tomography, and others comparing different radiomorphometric indexes developed for panoramic radiography.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the literature included in this systematic review, we conclude that the MCI is useful as an auxiliary tool for identifying postmenopausal females at risk of low bone mineral density (BMD), as it correlates with skeletal BMD measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Nevertheless, other radiomorphometric indexes obtained from panoramic radiographs, such as panoramic mandibular index, mental index, and mandibular cortical width, are also valuable as auxiliary tools in the identification of postmenopausal females at risk, as they also correlate with BMD. Thus, it is not possible to affirm which index is the most reliable for the identification of postmenopausal females considering the literature screened. PROSPERO registration systematic review CRD42020208152.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Female; Humans; Mandible; Minerals; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Postmenopause; Radiography, Panoramic
PubMed: 33591840
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200514 -
Bone Jun 2021Peripheral neuropathy occurs in two thirds of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). It can lead to severe pathological changes in the feet, and it increases the risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Peripheral neuropathy occurs in two thirds of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). It can lead to severe pathological changes in the feet, and it increases the risk of fracture more than any other diabetic complication. The objective of this review is to analyze available literature on the effect of peripheral neuropathy on BMD of the foot, spine, or hip. We hypothesize that the presence of diabetic neuropathy leads to lower BMD in adults with diabetes.
METHODS
Original studies investigating the effects of diabetic neuropathy on bone density were searched for inclusion in this systematic review. Studies were eligible if they met the following criteria: 1) participants included adults with either Type 1 DM or Type 2 DM; 2) Method used for the diagnosis of neuropathy described in the manuscript 3) DXA scan, ultrasound, or CT scan was used to measure proximal femur, spine, or foot bone mineral density were reported, and 4) bone parameters were analyzed based on the presence and absence of neuropathy.
RESULTS
Among the 5 studies that met eligibility criteria, 4 did not find a significant effect of neuropathy on BMD. One study showed a significant negative impact of neuropathy on calcaneal BMD in patients with type 1 diabetes. The meta-analysis did not show a significant effect of peripheral neuropathy on BMDs of proximal femur, spine, and calcaneus in diabetic adults.
CONCLUSION
Our study shows no evidence that peripheral neuropathy affects bone density or bone turnover in DM. However, this conclusion should be taken with caution since only a very limited number of studies were available for inclusion in the analysis and included both type 1 and type 2 DM patients. Improved measures of peripheral neuropathy and more advanced imaging technologies are needed to better assess the effect of diabetes on bone health.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans
PubMed: 33757900
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115932 -
Influence of physical training on bone mineral density in healthy young adults: a systematic review.Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Sep 2019
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Osteoporosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 31531609
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.8.1102