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World Journal of Gastroenterology May 2015To investigate fiber and prebiotic supplementation of enteral nutrition (EN) for diarrhea, fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
To investigate fiber and prebiotic supplementation of enteral nutrition (EN) for diarrhea, fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, and Web of Science databases were searched for human experimental and observational cohort studies conducted between January 1990 and June 2014. The keywords used for the literature search were fiber, prebiotics and enteral nutrition. English language studies with adult patient populations on exclusive EN were selected. Abstracts and/or full texts of selected studies were reviewed and agreed upon by two independent researchers for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Tools used for the quality assessment were Jadad Scale and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Critical Appraisal of the Medical Literature.
RESULTS
A total of 456 possible articles were retrieved, and 430 were excluded due to lack of appropriate data. Of the 26 remaining studies, only eight investigated the effects of prebiotics. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that overall, fiber reduces diarrhea in patients receiving EN (OR = 0.47; 95%CI: 0.29-0.77; P = 0.02). Subgroup analysis revealed a positive effect of fiber supplementation in EN towards diarrhea in stable patients (OR = 0.31; 95%CI: 0.19-0.51; P < 0.01), but not in critically ill patients (OR = 0.89; 95%CI: 0.41-1.92; P = 0.77). Prebiotic supplementation in EN does not improve the incidence of diarrhea despite its manipulative effect on bifidobacteria concentrations and SCFA in healthy humans. In addition, the effect of fiber and/or prebiotic supplementation towards fecal microbiota and SCFA remain disputable.
CONCLUSION
Fiber helps minimize diarrhea in patients receiving EN, particularly in non-critically ill patients. However, the effect of prebiotics in moderating diarrhea is inconclusive.
Topics: Chi-Square Distribution; Critical Illness; Diarrhea; Dietary Fiber; Enteral Nutrition; Fatty Acids; Feces; Humans; Incidence; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Microbiota; Odds Ratio; Prebiotics; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25954112
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i17.5372 -
Cureus Sep 2023Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant global health concern, necessitating effective preventive measures. Dietary fiber has gained attention as a potential... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant global health concern, necessitating effective preventive measures. Dietary fiber has gained attention as a potential cardiovascular risk factor modifier. Although its effects on various CVD risk markers such as cholesterol levels and blood glucose levels have been explored, the relationship between dietary fiber and blood pressure remains somewhat elusive across the different studies conducted worldwide. In this systematic review, we conducted an extensive analysis of recent research from a global perspective, aiming to elucidate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and blood pressure. From an initial pool of more than 24,500 articles retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar, we rigorously selected 11 studies published in the last decade (post-2013) to ensure up-to-date insights. These selected studies encompass diverse populations from different regions worldwide, allowing for a comprehensive global assessment. Our analysis revealed a positive overall impact of increased dietary fiber intake on blood pressure levels. Despite variations in study parameters, consistent trends were observed across multiple continents. This systematic review underscores the potential of dietary fiber intake to reduce blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health globally. This review serves as a global analysis and updates on the developments about the potential association between dietary fiber and blood pressure levels. While the findings are promising, further research is essential to elucidate underlying mechanisms and ensure global consistency. Collaborative efforts and ongoing investigation are crucial for harnessing the cardiovascular benefits of dietary fiber and addressing the worldwide burden of hypertension.
PubMed: 37900495
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46116 -
Nutrients Jan 2022The gut microbiota is a key factor in the correct development of the gastrointestinal immune system. Studies have found differences between the gut microbiota of...
The gut microbiota is a key factor in the correct development of the gastrointestinal immune system. Studies have found differences between the gut microbiota of newborns delivered by cesarean section compared to those vaginally delivered. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of ingestion of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics during pregnancy and/or lactation on the development of the gut microbiota of the C-section newborns. We selected experimental studies in online databases from their inception to October 2021. Of the 83 records screened, 12 met the inclusion criteria. The probiotics used belonged to the genera , , , and , or a combination of those, with dosages varying between 2 × 10 and 9 × 10 CFU per day, and were consumed during pregnancy and/or lactation. Probiotic strains were combined with galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, or bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides in the synbiotic formulas. Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic interventions led to beneficial gut microbiota in cesarean-delivered newborns, closer to that in vaginally delivered newborns, especially regarding colonization. This effect was more evident in breastfed infants. The studies indicate that this beneficial effect is achieved when the interventions begin soon after birth, especially the restoration of bifidobacterial population. Changes in the infant microbial ecosystem due to the interventions seem to continue after the end of the intervention in most of the studies. More interventional studies are needed to elucidate the optimal synbiotic combinations and the most effective strains and doses for achieving the optimal gut microbiota colonization of C-section newborns.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Breast Feeding; Cesarean Section; Ecosystem; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactation; Lactobacillus; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Prebiotics; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Probiotics; Synbiotics
PubMed: 35057522
DOI: 10.3390/nu14020341 -
Nutrition Reviews Nov 2017Pancreatic cancer has the highest case fatality rate of all major cancers. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
CONTEXT
Pancreatic cancer has the highest case fatality rate of all major cancers.
OBJECTIVE
A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was conducted to summarize the associations between dietary patterns and risk of pancreatic cancer.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for case-control and cohort studies published up to June 15, 2016.
STUDY SELECTION
Eligible studies included a dietary pattern as exposure and pancreatic cancer incidence or mortality as outcome and reported odds ratios, hazard ratios, or relative risks, along with corresponding 95%CIs.
DATA EXTRACTION
Important characteristics of each study, along with the dietary assessment instrument, the component foods or nutrients included in each dietary pattern or the scoring algorithm of a priori dietary patterns, were presented. For each dietary pattern identified, the estimate of association and the 95%CI comparing the highest versus the lowest category from the model with the most covariate adjustment were reported.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies were identified. Among the 8 studies that examined data-driven dietary patterns, significant positive associations were found between pancreatic cancer risk and the Animal Products, Starch Rich, and Western dietary patterns, with effect estimates ranging from 1.69 to 2.40. Significant inverse relationships were found between risk of pancreatic cancer and dietary patterns designated as Fruits and Vegetables, Vitamins and Fiber, and Prudent, with effect estimates ranging from 0.51 to 0.55. Eight studies of a priori dietary patterns consistently suggested that improved dietary quality was associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Better diet quality is associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. The associations between dietary patterns and pancreatic cancer were stronger in case-control studies than in cohort studies and were stronger among men than among women.
Topics: Diet; Diet, Western; Dietary Fiber; Female; Fruit; Humans; Incidence; Male; Meat; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Risk; Starch; Vegetables; Vitamins
PubMed: 29025004
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux038 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021The burden of pancreatic cancer varies greatly across countries, with the number of deaths, incident cases, and disability-adjusted life years more than doubling in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The burden of pancreatic cancer varies greatly across countries, with the number of deaths, incident cases, and disability-adjusted life years more than doubling in recent years, and with high-income countries having the highest incidence and mortality rates. We conducted this systematic review with meta-analysis with the goal of summarizing the current evidence on dietary fiber intake and its role in reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer, given the importance of identifying risk factors. This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020. The structured literature search was conducted on PubMed/Medline and Scopus, combining free text words and medical subject headings. Our review contained 18 records at the end of the process. Our results show that dietary fiber intake reduces the risk of pancreatic cancer. When the analysis was differentiated according to the type of fiber considered, sub-grouped by gender (reduction of around 60% among women), and when case-control studies were conducted, the strength of the association increased. Clinicians and policymakers should improve interventions to raise the population's awareness regarding the consumption of high-fiber diets, both in practice and in terms of public health policy.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Dietary Fiber; Female; Humans; Incidence; Observational Studies as Topic; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34770068
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111556 -
Food Science & Nutrition Nov 2023This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dietary fiber intake. Relevant... (Review)
Review
This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dietary fiber intake. Relevant articles were retrieved from a variety of databases, including Scopus, Embase, and Medline, until March 2023. Spirometry was the most frequently used method for determining the presence of COPD. Based on the search, there were a total of 213,912 participants across five separate studies. Random effects model was used to combine the data and a dose-response analysis was further conducted. Five distinct cohort studies were identified. Based on highest versus lowest analysis, there was an inverse correlation between the intake of total fiber (RR, 0.72; 95%, CI: 0.64-0.80), cereal fiber (RR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.68, 0.86), and fruit fiber (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.83). Although this result was not significant for vegetable fiber (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84-1.07). Dose-response analysis revealed that daily increase of 10 g of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, or fruit fiber reduced the risk of COPD by 26%, 21%, and 37%, respectively. The ROBINS-E tool classified all cohort studies as having a moderate risk of bias. Total fiber, cereal fiber, and fruit fiber intake were found to have low credibility using the NutriGrade tool. Additionally, there is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of vegetable fiber. Larger, more comprehensive studies are required to confirm these findings.
PubMed: 37970426
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3640 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of a tooth in the oral cavity. The relationship between dietary fiber and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of a tooth in the oral cavity. The relationship between dietary fiber and periodontitis is poorly understood. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate if an intake of dietary fiber modulates periodontal disease in animal models and any concomitant effects on systemic inflammation, microbiota and their metabolites.
METHODS
Animal studies using periodontitis models with any form of fiber intervention were included. Studies with comorbidities that were mutually inclusive with periodontitis and animals with physiological conditions were excluded. Search strategy with MeSH and free-text search terms were finalized and performed on the 22nd of September 2021.CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus® and Web of Science Core Collection databases were used to identify studies. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool and CAMARADES were used for quality assessment. Results were synthesized utilizing Covidence© web-based platform software to remove duplicates, and the remaining studies were manually filtered.
RESULTS
A total of 7,141 articles were retrieved from all databases. Out of 24 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, four studies ( = 4) were included. Four studies involved the use of -(1,3/1,6)-glucan ( = 3) and mannan oligosaccharide ( = 1) at differing dosages for different study durations. All studies utilized a ligature-induced model of periodontitis in rats, either Wistar ( = 3) or Sprague-Dawley ( = 1). A dose-dependent relationship between the increased fiber intake and decrease in alveolar bone loss and pro-inflammatory markers was observed.
CONCLUSION
The number of included studies is limited and narrow in scope. They highlight the importance of pre-clinical trials in this field with broader dietary fiber intervention groups before proceeding to clinical trials. The use of dietary fiber as an intervention shows promise in the reduction of inflammatory conditions like periodontitis. However, further research is required to delineate the relationship between diet and its effects on microbiota and their metabolites such as short chain fatty acids in animal models of periodontitis.
PubMed: 36998913
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1130153 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2021PubMed/Medline, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) and Scopus were searched in January 2021 in order to retrieve evidence assessing the association between dietary fibre... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PubMed/Medline, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) and Scopus were searched in January 2021 in order to retrieve evidence assessing the association between dietary fibre intake and the risk of colorectal adenoma in adults. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for the reporting of results. Only primary observational studies were included. Publication bias was estimated through the Egger's test and the visual inspection of the funnel plot. Heterogeneity between studies was calculated with I statistics. The search strategy identified 683 papers, 21 of which were included in our meta-analysis. Having evaluated a total of 157,725 subjects, the results suggest a protective effect of dietary fibre intake against colorectal adenoma. Effect Size (ES) was [0.71 (95% CI = 0.68-0.75), = 0.000)]. Moderate statistical heterogeneity (Chi = 61.68, df = 23, I = 62.71%, = 0.000) was found. Findings show a statistically significant ( = 0.000) and robust association between a higher intake of dietary fibre and a lower risk of colorectal adenoma, considering both the prevalent and incident risk. Moreover, the meta-regression analysis showed a borderline significant negative linear correlation between the amount of dietary fibre intake and colorectal adenoma. Lastly, we performed a subgroup analysis by sex, showing a higher protective effect for men.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Male; Physical Examination
PubMed: 33920845
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084168 -
Journal of the American Association of... Sep 2022Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal condition, and most individuals self-treat with multiple over-the-counter (OTC) laxatives prior to consulting a health...
Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal condition, and most individuals self-treat with multiple over-the-counter (OTC) laxatives prior to consulting a health care provider. This brief report is a synopsis of an updated systematic review the authors conducted of published data on the efficacy and safety of OTC treatments to provide evidence-based recommendations. After applying the selection criteria, 41 randomized controlled clinical trials of ≥ 4-week duration were identified and analyzed. Standardized definitions of constipation were applied across these studies; however, definitions for stool frequency and consistency varied. Overall, the short- and long-term efficacy of polyethylene glycol-based preparations and senna were supported by good (grade A) evidence suggesting their use as first-line laxatives. Modest evidence (grade B) supported the use of other agents including the stimulants bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate, fiber, fruit-based laxatives, and magnesium oxide. Additional evidence from rigorously designed studies is needed to support the use of other options for chronic constipation. The OTC products studied were generally well tolerated with common adverse effects being abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, diarrhea, and nausea.
Topics: Constipation; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Laxatives; Nonprescription Drugs; Polyethylene Glycols; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35943487
DOI: 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000760