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Complementary Therapies in Medicine Jan 2021A potential relationship between depression and the intake of dietary fiber has been hypothesized in several studies. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted so far... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
A potential relationship between depression and the intake of dietary fiber has been hypothesized in several studies. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted so far to explore the association between these two variables. Hence, we designed the present meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship between the intake of dietary fiber and depression.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases to identify any relevant studies published from inception to October 2019. Observational studies (cross-sectional and case-control) were included in the analysis.
RESULTS
Pooled analysis from the random-effects model of four case-control studies revealed that the consumption of dietary fiber in patients with depression was significantly lower versus healthy controls (WMD: -1.41 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -2.32, -0.51, P = 0.002). No significant heterogeneity was demonstrated among the analyzed studies (I = 4.0 %, P = 0.37). By pooling 5 effect sizes of cross-sectional studies (with a total of 97,023 subjects), we demonstrated that a higher dietary consumption of fiber was associated with significantly lower odds of depression (OR = 0.76; 95 % CI: 0.64, 0.90; P = 0.010), with a low heterogeneity seen among the retrieved studies (I = 43.9 %; P = 0.12).
CONCLUSION
An increased intake of total dietary fiber is associated with lower odds of depression. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between the different types of dietary fiber and depression.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Depression; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Observational Studies as Topic; Young Adult
PubMed: 33220451
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102621 -
La Clinica Terapeutica 2023The legume tree known as carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is indigenous to the Mediterranean area and over the centuries its pods had been traditionally used mostly as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The legume tree known as carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is indigenous to the Mediterranean area and over the centuries its pods had been traditionally used mostly as animal feed. However, it has gained great attention in human nutrition due to the molecular compounds it contains, which could offer many potential health benefits: for example, carob is renowned for its high content of fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Moreover, in traditional medicine it is credited with the ability to control glucose metabolism and gut microbiome. Modern science has also extensively acknowledged the numerous health advantages deriving from its consumption, including its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Due to its abundant contents of pectin, gums, and polyphenols (such as pinitol), carob has garnered significant attention as a well-researched plant with remarkable therapeutic properties. Notably, carob is extensively used in the production of semi-finished pastry products, particularly in ice cream and other creams (especially as a substitute for cocoa/chocolate): these applications indeed facilitate the exploration of its positive effects on glucose metabolism. Our study aimed at examining the effects of carob extract on intestinal microbiota and glucose metabolism. In this review, we conducted a thorough examination, comprising in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials to appraise the consequences on human health of polyphenols and pectin from different carob species, including recently discovered ones with high polyphenol contents. Our goal was to learn more about the mechanisms through which carob extract can support a balanced gut flora and improve one's glucose metabolism. These results could influence the creation of novel functional foods and dietary supplements, to help with the management and prevention of chronic illnesses like diabetes and obesity.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Polyphenols; Glucose; Fabaceae; Pectins
PubMed: 37994761
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2023.2484 -
Nutrients Mar 2020New knowledge about the gut microbiota and its interaction with the host's metabolic regulation has emerged during the last few decades. Several factors may affect the...
New knowledge about the gut microbiota and its interaction with the host's metabolic regulation has emerged during the last few decades. Several factors may affect the composition of the gut microbiota, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is not hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, but it is acted upon by gut microbes, and metabolites like short-chain fatty acids are produced. The short-chain fatty acids may be absorbed into the circulation and affect metabolic regulation in the host or be a substrate for other microbes. Some studies have shown improved insulin sensitivity, weight regulation, and reduced inflammation with increases in gut-derived short-chain fatty acids, all of which may reduce the risk of developing metabolic diseases. To what extent a dietary intervention with fiber may affect the human gut microbiota and hence metabolic regulation, is however, currently not well described. The aim of the present review is to summarize recent research on human randomized, controlled intervention studies investigating the effect of dietary fiber on gut microbiota and metabolic regulation. Metabolic regulation is discussed with respect to markers relating to glycemic regulation and lipid metabolism. Taken together, the papers on which the current review is based, suggest that dietary fiber has the potential to change the gut microbiota and alter metabolic regulation. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a firm conclusion describing the causal relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic regulation remains elusive.
Topics: Body Weight; Diet Therapy; Dietary Fiber; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glucose; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Intestinal Absorption; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk
PubMed: 32210176
DOI: 10.3390/nu12030859 -
Nutrients Jan 2022Lupins have a unique nutrient profile among legumes and may have beneficial health effects when included in the diet. The aim of this systematic review was to...
Lupins have a unique nutrient profile among legumes and may have beneficial health effects when included in the diet. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of lupin on a range of health outcome measures. Databases included MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL, and focused on controlled intervention studies on healthy adults and those with chronic disease such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and overweight. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol was followed. Investigated intervention diets utilised whole lupin, lupin protein or lupin fibre, and outcomes were measured by markers of chronic disease, body weight and satiety. Quality assessment of results was performed using the Cochrane revised risk of bias tool. Overall, 21 studies with 998 participants were included: 12 using whole lupin, four used lupin protein and five lupin fibre. Beneficial changes were observed in 71% of studies that measured blood pressure, 83% measuring satiety and 64% measuring serum lipids. Unintended weight loss occurred in 25% of studies. Whole lupin demonstrated more consistent beneficial effects for satiety, glycaemic control and blood pressure than lupin protein or lupin fibre. Heterogeneity, low study numbers and a small participant base indicated further studies are required to strengthen current evidence particularly regarding the protein and dietary fibre components of lupin.
Topics: Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Female; Humans; Lupinus; Male; Overweight; Satiation
PubMed: 35057507
DOI: 10.3390/nu14020327 -
Nutrients Feb 2017Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) is a syndrome characterized by recurrent abdominal symptoms in patients with colonic diverticula. There is some... (Review)
Review
Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) is a syndrome characterized by recurrent abdominal symptoms in patients with colonic diverticula. There is some evidence that a high-fiber diet or supplemental fibers may reduce symptoms in SUDD patients and a high-fiber diet is commonly suggested for these patients. This systematic review aims to update the evidence on the efficacy of fiber treatment in SUDD, in terms of a reduction in symptoms and the prevention of acute diverticulitis. According to PRISMA, we identified studies on SUDD patients treated with fibers (PubMed and Scopus). The quality of these studies was evaluated by the Jadad scale. The main outcome measures were a reduction of abdominal symptoms and the prevention of acute diverticulitis. Nineteen studies were included, nine with dietary fiber and 10 with supplemental fiber, with a high heterogeneity concerning the quantity and quality of fibers employed. Single studies suggest that fibers, both dietary and supplemental, could be beneficial in SUDD, even if the quality is very low, with just one study yielding an optimal score. The presence of substantial methodological limitations, the heterogeneity of the therapeutic regimens employed, and the lack of ad hoc designed studies, did not permit a summary of the outcome measure. Thus, the benefit of dietary or supplemental fiber in SUDD patients still needs to be established.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Dietary Fiber; Diverticulosis, Colonic; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 28230737
DOI: 10.3390/nu9020161 -
Cancers Oct 2021Few studies have summarized the association between dietary factors and breast cancer (BC) prognosis among breast cancer survivors (BCS). Therefore, we carried out a... (Review)
Review
Few studies have summarized the association between dietary factors and breast cancer (BC) prognosis among breast cancer survivors (BCS). Therefore, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the associations between dietary factors and BC prognosis among BCS. We performed a literature search in PubMed and Embase to investigate the association between dietary factors and BC prognosis. We applied a random-effects model to compute the hazard ratio/relative risk and their 95% confidence intervals and heterogeneity (Higgins I) and to generate forest plots using STATA. Among the 2279 papers identified, 63 cohort studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Our main finding was that higher consumption of beer and saturated fat negatively affected BC prognosis. However, the intake of lignans, fiber, multivitamins, and antioxidants was negatively associated with the risk of mortality. Furthermore, we performed subgroup analyses by menopausal status and dietary or supplementary micronutrient intake. Most trends were similar to the main findings; in particular, the vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E supplements decreased the risk of mortality. This study's current systematic review and meta-analysis provide comprehensive dietary information for the development of dietary guidelines/recommendations to improve prognosis among BCS.
PubMed: 34771493
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215329 -
Nutrients Dec 2023Weight management during pregnancy and the postpartum period is an important strategy that can be utilized to reduce the risk of short- and long-term complications in... (Review)
Review
Weight Management during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Summary of Current Evidence and Recommendations.
BACKGROUND
Weight management during pregnancy and the postpartum period is an important strategy that can be utilized to reduce the risk of short- and long-term complications in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We conducted a systematic review to assess and synthesize evidence and recommendations on weight management during pregnancy and the postpartum period in women with GDM to provide evidence-based clinical guidance.
METHODS
Nine databases and eighteen websites were searched for clinical decisions, guidelines, recommended practices, evidence summaries, expert consensus, and systematic reviews.
RESULTS
A total of 12,196 records were retrieved and fifty-five articles were included in the analysis. Sixty-nine pieces of evidence were summarized, sixty-two of which focused on pregnancy, including benefits, target population, weight management goals, principles, weight monitoring, nutrition assessment and counseling, energy intake, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fat intake, fiber intake, vitamin and mineral intake, water intake, dietary supplements, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweeteners, alcohol, coffee, food safety, meal arrangements, dietary patterns, exercise assessment and counseling, exercise preparation, type of exercise, intensity of exercise, frequency of exercise, duration of exercise, exercise risk prevention, and pregnancy precautions, and seven focused on the postpartum period, including target population, benefits, postpartum weight management goals, postpartum weight monitoring, dietary recommendations, exercise recommendations, and postpartum precautions.
CONCLUSIONS
Healthcare providers can develop comprehensive pregnancy and postpartum weight management programs for women with GDM based on the sixty-nine pieces of evidence. However, because of the paucity of evidence on postpartum weight management in women with GDM, future guidance documents should focus more on postpartum weight management in women with GDM.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Postpartum Period; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins
PubMed: 38140280
DOI: 10.3390/nu15245022 -
Nutrients May 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis elucidate the effects of the Japanese-style diet and characteristic Japanese foods on the mortality risk of cardiovascular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis elucidate the effects of the Japanese-style diet and characteristic Japanese foods on the mortality risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), and heart disease (HD). This review article followed the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, JDreamIII, and ICHUSHI Web identified prospective cohort studies on Japanese people published till July 2020. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model, and heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated with I statistic and Egger's test, respectively. Based on inclusion criteria, we extracted 58 articles, including 9 on the Japanese-style diet ( = 469,190) and 49 ( = 2,668,238) on characteristic Japanese foods. With higher adherence to the Japanese-style diet, the pooled risk ratios (RRs) for CVD, stroke, heart disease/ischemic heart disease combined (HD/IHD) mortality were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77-0.89, I = 58%, Egger's test: = 0.625, = 9 studies), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69-0.93, I = 66%, Egger's test: = 0.602, = 6 studies), and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75-0.88, I = 0%, Egger's test: = 0.544, = 6 studies), respectively. Increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, green tea, and milk and dairy products decreased the RR for CVD, stroke, or HD mortality. Increased salt consumption elevated the RR for CVD and stroke mortality. Increased consumption of dietary fiber and plant-derived protein decreased the RR for CVD, stroke, and HD/IHD mortality. The Japanese-style diet and characteristic Japanese foods may reduce CVD mortality. Most studies conducted diet surveys between 1980 and the 1990s. This meta-analysis used articles that evaluated the same cohort study by a different method. A new large-scale cohort study matching the current Japanese dietary habits is needed to confirm these findings.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diet; Heart Diseases; Humans; Japan; Milk; Prospective Studies; Stroke
PubMed: 35631146
DOI: 10.3390/nu14102008 -
BMC Nephrology Jul 2020Dietary and lifestyle factors may play an important role in the increasing prevalence of nephrolithiasis. We aimed to review and quantify the associations between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Dietary and lifestyle factors may play an important role in the increasing prevalence of nephrolithiasis. We aimed to review and quantify the associations between lifestyle factors and incident nephrolithiasis and suggest lifestyle changes for the primary prevention of nephrolithiasis.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2019, for observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed modifiable lifestyle factors and risk of nephrolithiasis in adults. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using a random effects model. The I statistic was employed to evaluate heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were also conducted whenever possible.
RESULTS
Fifty relevant articles with 1,322,133 participants and 21,030 cases in total were identified. Prominent risk factors for incident stones were body mass index (1.39,1.27-1.52), dietary sodium (1.38, 1.21-1.56), fructose, meat, animal protein, and soda. In contrast, protective factors included fluid intake (0.55, 0.51-0.60), a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) style diet (0.69, 0.64-0.75), alcohol (0.69, 0.56-0.85), water, coffee, tea, vegetables, fruits, dietary fiber, dietary calcium (0.83, 0.76-0.90), and potassium. Vitamin D (1.22, 1.01-1.49) and calcium (1.16, 1.00-1.35) supplementation alone increased the risk of stones in meta-analyses of observational studies, but not in RCTs, where the cosupplementation conferred significant risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Several modifiable factors, notably fluid intake, dietary patterns, and obesity, were significantly associated with nephrolithiasis. Long-term RCTs are required to investigate the cost-effectiveness of dietary patterns for stone prevention. The independent and combined effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on nephrolithiasis need further elucidation.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Calcium, Dietary; Carbonated Beverages; Coffee; Diet; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Drinking Behavior; Drinking Water; Fruit; Humans; Life Style; Nephrolithiasis; Potassium, Dietary; Primary Prevention; Tea; Vegetables; Vitamin D
PubMed: 32652950
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01925-3 -
Nutrients May 2017Dietary intake is potentially associated with the onset of Crohn's disease (CD), but evidence from epidemiological studies has remained unclear. This study aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Dietary intake is potentially associated with the onset of Crohn's disease (CD), but evidence from epidemiological studies has remained unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of macronutrient intake in the development of CD. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to identify all relevant studies, and the role of macronutrients in the development of CD was quantitatively assessed by dose-response meta-analysis. Four case-control studies (a total of 311 CD cases and 660 controls) and five prospective cohort studies (238,887 participants and 482 cases) were identified. The pooled relative risks (RR) for per 10 g increment/day were 0.991 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.978-1.004) for total carbohydrate intake, 1.018 (95% CI: 0.969-1.069) for total fat intake, and 1.029 (95% CI: 0.955-1.109) for total protein intake. Fiber intake was inversely associated with CD risk (RR for per 10 g increment/day: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.762-0.955), but the association was influenced by study design and smoking adjustment. In subtypes, sucrose intake was positively related with CD risk (RR for per 10 g increment/day: 1.088, 95% CI: 1.020-1.160). Non-linear dose-response association was also found between fiber and sucrose intake and CD risk. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested a lack of association between total carbohydrate, fat or protein intake and the risk of CD, while high fiber intake might decrease the risk. In subtypes, high sucrose intake might increase the risk of CD.
Topics: Crohn Disease; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; Epidemiologic Studies; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28505133
DOI: 10.3390/nu9050500