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Journal of Medical Internet Research Jun 2017Internet sources are becoming increasingly important in seeking health information, such that they may have a significant effect on health care decisions and outcomes.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Internet sources are becoming increasingly important in seeking health information, such that they may have a significant effect on health care decisions and outcomes. Hence, given the wide range of different sources of Web-based health information (WHI) from different organizations and individuals, it is important to understand how information seekers evaluate and select the sources that they use, and more specifically, how they assess their credibility and trustworthiness.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to review empirical studies on trust and credibility in the use of WHI. The article seeks to present a profile of the research conducted on trust and credibility in WHI seeking, to identify the factors that impact judgments of trustworthiness and credibility, and to explore the role of demographic factors affecting trust formation. On this basis, it aimed to identify the gaps in current knowledge and to propose an agenda for future research.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted. Searches were conducted using a variety of combinations of the terms WHI, trust, credibility, and their variants in four multi-disciplinary and four health-oriented databases. Articles selected were published in English from 2000 onwards; this process generated 3827 unique records. After the application of the exclusion criteria, 73 were analyzed fully.
RESULTS
Interest in this topic has persisted over the last 15 years, with articles being published in medicine, social science, and computer science and originating mostly from the United States and the United Kingdom. Documents in the final dataset fell into 3 categories: (1) those using trust or credibility as a dependent variable, (2) those using trust or credibility as an independent variable, and (3) studies of the demographic factors that influence the role of trust or credibility in WHI seeking. There is a consensus that website design, clear layout, interactive features, and the authority of the owner have a positive effect on trust or credibility, whereas advertising has a negative effect. With regard to content features, authority of the author, ease of use, and content have a positive effect on trust or credibility formation. Demographic factors influencing trust formation are age, gender, and perceived health status.
CONCLUSIONS
There is considerable scope for further research. This includes increased clarity of the interaction between the variables associated with health information seeking, increased consistency on the measurement of trust and credibility, a greater focus on specific WHI sources, and enhanced understanding of the impact of demographic variables on trust and credibility judgments.
Topics: Female; Health Information Exchange; Humans; Internet; Male; Research; Trust; United States
PubMed: 28630033
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7579 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Aug 2022Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the thymus is a rare disease. The present meta-analysis aims at accumulating current evidence to explore the...
BACKGROUND
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the thymus is a rare disease. The present meta-analysis aims at accumulating current evidence to explore the clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognoses of thymic MALT lymphoma.
METHODS
We searched seven databases for studies published between the start date of database establishment and September 15, 2021. We included studies of patients with histological diagnoses and excluded those without data specifically on thymic MALT lymphoma. The quality was analyzed using an assessment tool. All data were tabulated. Pooled proportion was obtained using random-effects model. Statistical analysis was performed on R statistic software.
RESULTS
Overall, 52 case reports and 13 case series were eligible. The quality of case reports was inferior to that of case series in terms of selection (P<0.001). Based on the analysis of patients in the case reports, age, gender, concurrent diseases, and tumor size did not differ between limited-stage and advanced-stage cases. Surgery is the mainstay to treat thymic MALT lymphoma. The surgical approach and extent did not influence the occurrence of events. Patients at Ann Arbor stage I were prone to not receiving postoperative therapy (P=0.011), though it may not reduce the occurrence of events (P=0.637). The five-year overall survival (OS) rate and five-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate were 97.2% and 88.4%, respectively. Patients with advanced-stage disease were more likely to suffer events (P=0.009).
CONCLUSIONS
Thymic MALT lymphoma is an extremely rare disease with a favorable prognosis. Currently available evidence is insufficient to draw solid judgments about treatment and prognosis. However, patients may benefit if thymectomy is chosen as the primary treatment. In some patients, lymph node sampling or dissection should be considered. In addition, if the patient is at an advanced-stage, postoperative therapy should be considered.
PubMed: 36071772
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-81 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Innovations,... Apr 2021To systematically evaluate the prevalence of disclosed and undisclosed financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) among clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically evaluate the prevalence of disclosed and undisclosed financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) among clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).
METHODS
In this systematic review, we ascertained the prevalence and types of FCOI for CPGs from January 1, 1980, to March 3, 2019. The primary outcome was the prevalence of FCOI among authors of CPGs. FCOI disclosures were compared between medical subspecialties and societies producing CPGs.
RESULTS
Among the 37 studies including 14,764 total guideline authors, 45% had at least one FCOI. The prevalence of FCOI per study ranged from 6% to 100%. More authors had FCOI involving general payments (39%) compared with research payments (29%). Oncology, neurology, and gastroenterology had the highest prevalence of FCOI compared with other medical specialties. Among the 8 studies that included the monetary values in US dollars of FCOI, average payments per author ranged from $578 to $242,300. Among the 10 studies that included data on undisclosed FCOI, 32% of authors had undisclosed industry payments.
CONCLUSION
There are numerous FCOI among authors of CPGs, many of which are undisclosed Our study found a significant difference in FCOI prevalence based on types of FCOI and CPG sponsor society. Additional research is required to quantify the implications of FCOI on clinical judgment and patient care.
PubMed: 33997642
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.09.016 -
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related... Dec 2022The lateral maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) procedure has good predictability in terms of the success of bone regeneration with a low incidence of postoperative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The lateral maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) procedure has good predictability in terms of the success of bone regeneration with a low incidence of postoperative infections, estimated between 2% and 5.6%. Although the use of antibiotics is an established and standardized prophylactic measure for MSA procedures, the addition of corticosteroids still varies among clinician preference and clinical judgment.
PURPOSE
The aim of this systematic review was to identify whether the administration of corticosteroids during the MSA surgical procedure affects postoperative symptoms including swelling, pain, and infection rate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search through PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science indices, according to PICO criteria, was conducted to identify whether MSA peri-operative use of corticosteroids reduces the incidence of complications and patient morbidity. A single arm meta-analysis was performed due to the lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing groups treated with or without peri-operative corticosteroids. The intracluster correlation co-efficient (ICC) and design effect were calculated to adjust for the clustering design.
RESULTS
In the 37 studies included, a total of 1599 patients (378 Cort, 1221 No-Cort) were analyzed. Before and after taking account of clustering, there was statistically significant effect of corticosteroids on swelling, pain, wound dehiscence, trismus, and hematoma. The complication rates postoperatively were comparable between the two study groups, however slight differences existed in the incidence of active suppuration (1.7% [95% CI 0.7-3.9] Cort vs. 3.2% [2.2-4.5] No-Cort), wound dehiscence (3.9% [1.3-11.2] Cort vs. 2.1% [1.0-4.1] No-Cort) and trismus (2.7% [0.8-8.4] Cort vs. 1.4% [0.8-2.5] No-Cort).
CONCLUSIONS
Although the event rate of the 1-to-2-week postoperative complications did not differ between the two groups, the lack of conclusive data and research comparing peri-operative corticosteroid use makes it impossible to draw definitive conclusions and more evidence and studies designed for this specific purpose are needed.
Topics: Humans; Transverse Sinuses; Postoperative Complications; Pain
PubMed: 36068078
DOI: 10.1111/cid.13126 -
Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2024To identify, synthesize, and analyze the scientific knowledge produced regarding the implications of using clinical simulation for undergraduate nursing or medical... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify, synthesize, and analyze the scientific knowledge produced regarding the implications of using clinical simulation for undergraduate nursing or medical students' motivation for learning.
METHODS
The search for articles was conducted between July 28 and August 3, 2022, on the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. The following was used for the search: P - undergraduate students attending Nursing or Medicine courses; C - motivation for learning, and C - skills and clinical simulation laboratory. The following research question guided the study: "What are the implications of clinical simulation on the motivation for learning of undergraduate students of nursing and medicine?" Of the 1,783 articles found, 13 were included in the sample for analysis. All stages of the selection process were carried out by two independent evaluators. The results were presented as charts and a discursive report.
RESULTS
The studies analyzed indicated the beneficial effects of clinical simulation on students' motivation, in addition to other gains such as competencies, technical and non-technical skills, knowledge, belonging, autonomy, clinical judgment, critical and reflective thinking, self-efficacy and decreased anxiety, self-management, and improvements in learning and learning climate.
CONCLUSION
Clinical simulation provides a positive learning environment favorable to the development of technical and interpersonal skills and competencies, and raising the level of motivational qualities.
Topics: Humans; Clinical Competence; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Learning; Motivation; Simulation Training; Students, Medical; Students, Nursing
PubMed: 38695476
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RW0792 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020The current review aims to investigate the barriers to and facilitators of the adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in the Middle East and North Africa... (Review)
Review
The current review aims to investigate the barriers to and facilitators of the adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. English language studies published between January 2010 and May 2019 were searched on PubMed, Embase, and EBSCO. The barriers were categorized as clinician-related factors, such as lack of awareness of familiarity with the CPGs, and external factors, such as patients, guidelines, and environmental factors. The search identified 295 titles, out of which 15 were included. Environmental factors, specifically lack of time, resources, incentives, availability, and costs of treatment or diagnostic tests, training, and dissemination plans were the most commonly identified barriers. The familiarity with or awareness of healthcare professionals about the guideline, guideline characteristics, lack of agreement with the guidelines and preference in clinical judgment, physician self-efficacy, and motivation were reported to a lesser extent. Few studies reported on the compliance of facilitators with the guidelines including disseminating and advertising guideline materials, education and training on the guidelines, regulatory and financial incentives, and support from institutions. The review highlights that the studies on barriers to and facilitators of compliance with CPGs in the MENA region are limited in number and quality.
PubMed: 33333843
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040564 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Feb 2023Few studies have assessed participant safety in human challenge trials (HCTs). Key questions regarding HCTs include how risky such trials have been, how often adverse...
BACKGROUND
Few studies have assessed participant safety in human challenge trials (HCTs). Key questions regarding HCTs include how risky such trials have been, how often adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) occur, and whether risk mitigation measures have been effective.
METHODS
A systematic search of PubMed and PubMed Central for articles reporting on results of HCTs published between 1980 and 2021 was performed and completed by 7 October 2021.
RESULTS
Of 2838 articles screened, 276 were reviewed in full. A total of 15 046 challenged participants were described in 308 studies that met inclusion criteria; 286 (92.9%) of these studies reported mitigation measures used to minimize risk to the challenge population. Among 187 studies that reported on SAEs, 0.2% of participants experienced at least 1 challenge-related SAE. Among 94 studies that graded AEs by severity, challenge-related AEs graded "severe" were reported by between 5.6% and 15.8% of participants. AE data were provided as a range to account for unclear reporting. Eighty percent of studies published after 2010 were registered in a trials database.
CONCLUSIONS
HCTs are increasingly common and used for an expanding list of diseases. Although AEs occur, severe AEs and SAEs are rare. Reporting has improved over time, though not all papers provide a comprehensive report of relevant health impacts. We found very few severe symptoms or SAEs in studies that reported them, but many HCTs did not report relevant safety data. This study was preregistered on PROSPERO as CRD42021247218.
PubMed: 36219704
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac820 -
Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem 2020To identify in the literature methods and techniques of debriefing used in teaching and learning in nursing simulation.
OBJECTIVE
To identify in the literature methods and techniques of debriefing used in teaching and learning in nursing simulation.
METHODS
Integrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE®, LILACS, Scopus and CINAHL® databases, with the descriptors "nursing", "nursing education", respective terms in English and Spanish, and the keyword "debriefing". Twelve primary studies, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from January 2008 to December 2018 were included. Qualitative analysis was used to categorize the domains.
RESULTS
The identified meaningful learning methods were based on principles of transfer of learning; model of clinical reasoning, interprofessional, with good judgment and structured and self-debriefing techniques, oral, eye-tracking, video-assisted and written debriefing.
CONCLUSIONS
The structured method and the oral technique with video were outstanding. One method was not superior to the other but effective for a particular proposal. No national studies have been found. Research should be conducted on the effectiveness of nursing debriefing methods and techniques.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Education, Nursing; Eye-Tracking Technology; Feedback, Psychological; Humans; Patient Simulation; Transfer, Psychology
PubMed: 32294726
DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190182 -
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2022The training of athletes' anticipation and decision-making skills has received increasing attention from researchers, who developed and implemented training programs to... (Review)
Review
The training of athletes' anticipation and decision-making skills has received increasing attention from researchers, who developed and implemented training programs to achieve this. Video-based training (VBT) has become a popular method in anticipation and decision-making skills training. However, little is known about the benefits of implementing VBT in soccer. This systematic review considered the results of studies on VBT aiming to develop decision-making and anticipation skills in football players, and analyzed its effects. Literature published up to March 2022 was systematically searched on the scientific electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, and Google Scholar. In total, 5,749 articles were identified. After screening the records according to the set exclusion and inclusion criteria, ten articles were considered eligible, including six longitudinal studies and four acute studies. Eight of the ten included studies (80%) showed that VBT group performance in anticipation or decision-making skills was significantly better at post-test than at pre-test, as evidenced by improvements in response accuracy (RA), response times (RT), mean distance scores (MDS) and passing decision-making performance. In six studies that included the no video-based training (NVBT) group, results showed that athletes in the VBT group performed better in anticipation or decision-making skills than in the NVBT group, as evidenced by improvements in RA and RT performance. The studies used different methods for VBT, both explicit and implicit training effectively improved participants' anticipation and decision-making skills. In addition, the implementation of the "first-person" perspective (i.e., the player's perspective) and virtual reality (VR) improved the presentation of video stimuli, effectively improving anticipation and decision-making. The findings of this review suggest that VBT is beneficial in developing anticipation and decision-making judgments in football players. However, some findings were inconsistent with previous studies due to differences in intervention duration and experimental protocols, and further studies are needed. Furthermore, future research should actively seek to design appropriate retention tests and transfer tests to truly understand the benefits of VBT for athletes.
PubMed: 36438631
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.945067 -
PloS One 2020Adjunctive use of laser devices as high reactive-level laser/light therapy (HLLT) or photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for periodontal therapy is known to be more... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Adjunctive use of laser devices as high reactive-level laser/light therapy (HLLT) or photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for periodontal therapy is known to be more effective on suppressing pain than conventional therapy, however, there are no systematic reviews addressed its effectiveness. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the following clinical question (CQ): does adjunctive use of lasers with conventional therapy suppress the pain associated with periodontal treatment? A systematic and extensive literature search was performed to summarize the currently available knowledge to answer the CQ using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted before June 2020. Bias risk was assessed using the Cochrane tool for the risk of bias evaluation. A meta-analysis was performed on quantitative evaluation of pain control based on patient-reported outcomes. After an independent screening of 165 initial records, ten RCTs were included. Six of them focused on surgical procedures and the others on non-surgical periodontal pocket therapy. The protocols of HLLT, PBMT, and combination with HLLT and PBMT were employed in five, four and one RCTs, respectively. Following the assessment of bias risk, it is revealed that all RCTs had methodological weaknesses regarding the blinding of key personnel, although other bias risk factors were not evident. Meta-analysis showed that HLLT using erbium lasers significantly reduced the patient-reported pain immediately after treatment (two RCTs, p < 0.0001), while PBMT using diode lasers significantly reduced pain 2-7 days after treatment (two RCTs, p < 0.0001 to p = 0.03). The presented systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that the alternative use of HLLT using erbium lasers to conventional instrumentation can significantly suppress postoperative pain and that intraoperative or postoperative PBMT using diode lasers combined with periodontal surgery can significantly reduce postoperative pain. However, the evidence is still insufficient and more well-designed RCTs are required.
Topics: Humans; Judgment; Laser Therapy; Low-Level Light Therapy; Pain Management; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Periodontium; Publication Bias; Risk; Visual Analog Scale
PubMed: 32941479
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238659