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Veterinary Research Forum : An... 2023The purpose of this review was to assess the use of plant essential oils and extracts (PEOE) in the development of antimicrobial edible films for dairy application... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this review was to assess the use of plant essential oils and extracts (PEOE) in the development of antimicrobial edible films for dairy application through a systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies published in multiple databases were explored via PRISMA protocol on November 1, 2022. According to the results, the interquartile range of pathogen reduction potential of essential oil (EO) in dairy products, irrespective of EO, film and product type, was 0.10 - 4.70 log CFU g per % concentration. The findings from 38 articles indicate that among all EOs or their compounds, Boiss in protein film, thyme in protein film, Boiss EO in protein film, -cinnamaldehyde in carbohydrate film and lemongrass EO in protein film had extraordinary pathogen reduction potential on important foodborne pathogens. In the case of plant extract, fish gelatin film with extract, whey protein isolate film loaded with oregano EO and carboxymethyl cellulose film with clove EOs had the highest antimicrobial effect on mesophilic bacteria (9.50 log CFU g per % concentration), yeast-mold (2.63 log CFU g per % concentration) and mesophilic/ psychrophilic counts (> 9.06 log CFU g per % concentration), respectively. is the primary species of interest; whereas, mesophiles and mold-yeast populations were the most investigated microbiota/mycobiota in cheese with PEOE-incorporated film. In light of these findings, the choice of PEOE at appropriate concentrations with the selection of appropriate edible film may improve the safety, sensory, and shelf life of dairy products.
PubMed: 37181858
DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.1986122.3730 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023To compare the prevalence and antibiotic resistance rate of in livestock and poultry (beef, pork and chicken) meat between China and the European Union (EU), a... (Review)
Review
To compare the prevalence and antibiotic resistance rate of in livestock and poultry (beef, pork and chicken) meat between China and the European Union (EU), a meta-analysis was conducted. Ninety-one out of 2156 articles in Chinese and English published between January 2001 and February 2022 were selected from four databases. The prevalence of in livestock and poultry (beef, pork and chicken) meat in China and Europe was 7.1% (3152/56,511, 95% CI: 5.8-8.6%) and 8.3% (2264/889,309, 95% CI: 5.9-11.0%), respectively. Moreover, a decreasing trend was observed in both regions over time. Regarding antibiotic resistance, for the resistance to 15 antibiotics, the pooled prevalence was 5.8% (95% CI: 3.1-9.1%). In both regions, the highest prevalence was found in oxacillin, ceftriaxone and tetracycline, and a large difference was reported between China and the EU in ceftriaxone (52.6% vs. 17.3%) and cefotaxime (7.0% vs. 0.0%). Based on the above, it remains a significant challenge to enforce good control measures against the meat-sourced both in China and in the EU.
PubMed: 36832844
DOI: 10.3390/foods12040769 -
Journal of Food Protection Jan 2020may be present in produce-associated environments (e.g., fields, packing houses); thus, understanding its growth and survival on intact, whole produce is of critical...
may be present in produce-associated environments (e.g., fields, packing houses); thus, understanding its growth and survival on intact, whole produce is of critical importance. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize published data on the growth and/or survival of on intact fruit and vegetable surfaces. Relevant studies were identified by searching seven electronic databases: AGRICOLA, CAB Abstracts, Center for Produce Safety funded research project final reports, FST Abstracts, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. Searches were conducted using the following terms: produce, growth, and survival. Search terms were also modified and "exploded" to find all related subheadings. Included studies had to be prospective, describe methodology (e.g., inoculation method), outline experimental parameters, and provide quantitative growth and/or survival data. Studies were not included if methods were unclear or inappropriate, or if produce was cut, processed, or otherwise treated. Of 3,459 identified citations, 88 were reviewed in full and 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Included studies represented 21 commodities, with the majority of studies focusing on melons, leafy greens, berries, or sprouts. Synthesis of the reviewed studies suggests growth and survival on intact produce surfaces differ substantially by commodity. Parameters such as temperature and produce surface characteristics had a considerable effect on growth and survival dynamics. This review provides an inventory of the current data on growth and/or survival on intact produce surfaces. Identification of which intact produce commodities support growth and/or survival at various conditions observed along the supply chain will assist the industry in managing contamination risk.
Topics: Food Contamination; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Fruit; Listeria monocytogenes; Prospective Studies; Temperature; Vegetables
PubMed: 31855613
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-283 -
Journal of Food Protection Feb 2023Raw (unpasteurized) milk is available for sale and direct human consumption within some states in the United States (US); it cannot be sold or distributed in interstate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter spp. in raw milk in the United States between 2000 and 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Raw (unpasteurized) milk is available for sale and direct human consumption within some states in the United States (US); it cannot be sold or distributed in interstate commerce. Raw milk may contain pathogenic microorganisms that, when consumed, may cause illness and sometimes may result in death. No comprehensive review for prevalence and levels of the major bacterial pathogens in raw milk in the US exists. The objective of the present research was to systematically review the scientific literature published from 2000 to 2019 to estimate the prevalence and levels of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Campylobacter spp. in raw milk in the US. Peer-reviewed studies were retrieved systematically from PubMed®, Embase®, and Web of Science. The unique complete nonduplicate references were uploaded into the Health Assessment Work Collaborative (HAWC). Based on the selection criteria, twenty studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) was used for statistical analyses, specifically, random effects meta-analyses were used to synthesize raw bulk tank milk (BTM) and milk filters (MF) data. Data from studies using culture and non-culture-based detection methods were included. Forest plots generated in CMA (Biostat, Englewood, NJ) were used to visualize the results. The average prevalence (event rate) of L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., STEC, and Campylobacter spp. in raw BTM in the US was estimated at 4.3% (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 2.8-6.5%), 3.6% (95% CIs, 2.0-6.2%), 4.3% (95% CIs, 2.4-7.4%), and 6.0% (95% CIs, 3.2-10.9%), respectively. Estimated prevalence was generally larger in MF than in BTM. There was not enough data to perform a meta-analysis for the prevalence or levels of pathogens in raw milk from retail establishments or other milk categories.
Topics: United States; Humans; Animals; Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli; Listeria monocytogenes; Milk; Prevalence; Salmonella; Campylobacter; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 36916568
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.11.006 -
Veterinary World Aug 2021in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods remains consistently under-reported globally. Nevertheless, several independent studies conducted to investigate have elucidated the...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods remains consistently under-reported globally. Nevertheless, several independent studies conducted to investigate have elucidated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of in RTE-associated foods and their antibiotic resistance profiles. Given the rapid increase in consumption of RTE foods of both animal and plant origin, it is imperative to know the prevalence deductive data focusing on how much of is present in RTE foods, which is critical for food safety managers and retailers to assess the possible risk posed to end-users. In addition, valuable insight and another angle to the depth of the problem, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize available data regarding the prevalence of in RTE foods and antibiotic resistance profiles.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a meta-analysis study of and antibiotic resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics to determine the extent of contamination in RTE foods and antibiotic resistance profiles. The primary search terms, also known as keywords used, were restricted to peer-reviewed and review articles, and databases, including Google Scholars, Science-Direct, and Scopus, were searched. The inclusion of articles meeting eligibility criteria published between 2010 and 2020 after title, abstract, and full article screening. Data analysis was performed at multiple stages using quantitative meta-analysis reviews.
RESULTS
pooled proportion/prevalence was highest in chicken products determined at (22%) followed by various but uncategorized RTE foods at 21%. Regarding antibiotic resistance, profiling's highest pooled prevalence resistance was observed in penicillin at 80% resistance, followed by cephalosporin at 47%.
CONCLUSION
Within its limitations, this study has attempted to provide insight into the pooled proportion/prevalence of in RTE foods and the antibiotic resistance profile at the global level. Determining the proportion/prevalence of in RTE foods across the globe and antibiotic resistance profile is essential for providing quality food and reducing public health problems due to unsuccessful treatment of foodborne illness. This study provides insight into the pooled prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and the antibiotic resistance profile. The results of this study partly endeavored to help appropriate authorities strengthen their preventive measures on specific RTE foods that are most likely to be contaminated with and antibiotic resistance profiles.
PubMed: 34566342
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2219-2229 -
The Canadian Journal of Infectious... 2022First-line drugs for the treatment of listeriosis are the same around the world, but particular conditions might reduce their efficacy, including antimicrobial...
First-line drugs for the treatment of listeriosis are the same around the world, but particular conditions might reduce their efficacy, including antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to verify, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, whether the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in from animal foods is higher for first- or second-line antimicrobials. From the total of 302 identified studies, 16 met all the eligibility criteria from 2008 to 2021 and were included in this meta-analysis. They comprised a dataset of 1152 isolates, obtained from different animal food products, food processing environment, and live animals. The included studies were developed in South America ( = 5), Europe ( = 4), Asia ( = 3), Africa ( = 2), and North America ( = 2), testing a total of 35 different antimicrobials, 11 of them classified as first-line drugs. Complete lack of antimicrobial resistance across the studies (all isolates tested as susceptible) was only observed for linezolid, while widespread antimicrobial resistance (all isolates tested resistant) was described for amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, cefoxitin, fusidic acid, imipenem, sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin. Overall, the meta-analysis results indicated no evidence that antimicrobial resistance in isolated from animal-based food is higher for first-line antimicrobials compared to second-line compounds (=0.37). A greater volume of publication, together with better characterization of the isolates, is still needed for a more precise estimate of the real prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in .
PubMed: 36249588
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1351983 -
Journal of Food Protection Apr 2021Listeria monocytogenes was associated with more than 60 produce recalls, including tomato, cherry, broccoli, lemon, and lime, between 2017 and 2020. This study describes...
ABSTRACT
Listeria monocytogenes was associated with more than 60 produce recalls, including tomato, cherry, broccoli, lemon, and lime, between 2017 and 2020. This study describes the effects of temperature, time, and food substrate as factors influencing L. monocytogenes behavior on whole intact raw fruits and vegetables. Ten intact whole fruit and vegetable commodities were chosen based on data gaps identified in a systematic literature review. Produce investigated belong to major commodity families: Ericaceae (blackberry, raspberry, and blueberry), Rutaceae (lemon and mandarin orange), Roseaceae (sweet cherry), Solanaceae (tomato), Brassaceae (cauliflower and broccoli), and Apiaceae (carrot). A cocktail of five L. monocytogenes strains that included clinical, food, or environmental isolates linked to foodborne outbreaks was used to inoculate intact whole fruits and vegetables. Samples were incubated at 2, 12, 22, 30, and 35°C with relative humidities matched to typical real-world conditions. Foods were sampled (n = 6) for up to 28 days, depending on temperature. Growth and decline rates were estimated using DMFit, an Excel add-in. Growth rates were compared with ComBase modeling predictions for L. monocytogenes. Almost every experiment showed initial growth, followed by subsequent decline. L. monocytogenes was able to grow on the whole intact surface of all produce tested, except for carrot. The 10 produce commodities supported growth of L. monocytogenes at 22 and 35°C. Growth and survival at 2 and 12°C varied by produce commodity. The standard deviation of the square root growth and decline rates showed significantly larger variability in both growth and decline rates within replicates as temperature increased. When L. monocytogenes growth occurred, it was conservatively modeled by ComBase Predictor, and growth was generally followed by decreases in concentration. This research will assist in understanding the risks of foodborne disease outbreaks and recalls associated with L. monocytogenes on fresh whole produce.
Topics: Colony Count, Microbial; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Fruit; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Temperature; Vegetables
PubMed: 33232452
DOI: 10.4315/JFP-20-327 -
International Journal of Infectious... Apr 2019The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to better understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of listeriosis patients in mainland China.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to better understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of listeriosis patients in mainland China.
METHODS
The six most widely used Chinese and English language databases were searched. The records of patients with listeriosis in mainland China reported during the years 2011-2017 were extracted. The clinical data of patients and information on clinical isolates of Listeria were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
In total, 136 records were identified, reporting 562 patients with listeriosis. The number of patients was much higher than that reported in the previous decade. The 227 non-perinatal listeriosis patients included had a mortality rate of 23.78%. Of the 231 perinatal listeriosis patients, 32.68% resulted in abortion and/or newborn death. All listeriosis cases were reported as being sporadic. The listeriosis was traced to infection via a meat product in only three patients, while 33.12% were healthcare-associated infections.
CONCLUSIONS
The number of patients with listeriosis in mainland China may have been underestimated previously. Perinatal cases in mainland China account for a much higher proportion than is usually described. Considering the high number of listeriosis patients in China, a comprehensive monitoring system for Listeria is urgently needed.
Topics: China; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis
PubMed: 30641204
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.007 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Dec 2019The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance characteristics of species isolated from foods and food processing environments, animal and human...
The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance characteristics of species isolated from foods and food processing environments, animal and human specimens in Iran. A systematic review of the papers published in Persian and English languages up to 20th May 2019 and indexed in the Scientific Information Database, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases using related keywords was conducted. Eligible articles were selected based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by data extraction and meta-analysis using random-effects or fixed-effects models. A total of 27 articles were found reporting antibiotic resistance patterns of different species using disk diffusion method. Among species, resistance to commonly used antibiotics i.e. penicillin, ampicillin and gentamicin was as follows: 34.5%, 26.4%, 8.9% in isolates from foods and food processing environments, 47.1%, 29.5%, 9.2% in isolates from animal specimens and 56.8%, 29.5%, 32.4% in human strains, respectively. A high prevalence of strains resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and gentamicin was observed in Iran. Our findings suggested that trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin can be used as alternatives in the treatment of human listeriosis in Iran due to their low resistance rates.
PubMed: 31749464
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04040-w -
Journal of Food Protection Feb 2019Listeria monocytogenes is the cause of listeriosis, an important foodborne disease. Contaminated ready-to-eat foods are common sources of L. monocytogenes, yet no global... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Listeria monocytogenes is the cause of listeriosis, an important foodborne disease. Contaminated ready-to-eat foods are common sources of L. monocytogenes, yet no global estimates exist for prevalence and levels in high-risk ready-to-eat foods. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence and levels of L. monocytogenes in deli meat, soft cheese, and packaged salad. We searched Medline, Web of Science, Agricola, Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science, Science.gov, ScienceResearch.com , and OpenGREY for studies on L. monocytogenes prevalence and/or levels, with no restriction on publication date. We used a priori study selection, data extraction, and risk of biases processes. Results were synthesized with random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions to evaluate heterogeneity between studies. We included in the review 100 studies with a sample size restriction of ≥100, and we estimated L. monocytogenes prevalence in deli meat at 2.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3 to 3.6%), in soft cheese at 2.4% (95% CI, 1.6 to 3.6%), and in packaged salad at 2.0% (95% CI, 1.2 to 3.1%). High heterogeneity was present in all food groups, and meta-regressions did not reveal consistent explanations for heterogeneity. Pathogen level was not reported consistently or in the format required for synthesis, so meta-analyses of this variable were not performed. The high heterogeneity between studies indicates that use of global summary prevalence estimates for risk assessments are not advisable, but awareness of risk and the heterogeneity of the risk is relevant for education and further risk assessment.
Topics: Cheese; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meat; Meat Products; Prevalence; Salads
PubMed: 30688537
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-158