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Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel,... 2022Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a complication that occurs spontaneously or after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and can increase morbidity and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a complication that occurs spontaneously or after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and can increase morbidity and mortality. The association of biomarkers with the risk of HT has been variably reported. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis and sought to compare blood biomarkers associated with HT and its subtypes by evaluating its predictability and correlation with outcome in AIS.
METHODS
The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020201334) and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Among 2,230 articles identified from Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, 30 quality-appraised articles were found eligible. Meta-analysis was conducted for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cellular fibronectin (c-Fn), ferritin, S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). We also reviewed biomarkers for correlation with the functional outcome at 90 days from stroke onset (poor outcome modified Rankin scale >2).
RESULTS
The pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DORpooled) was the highest for baseline c-Fn levels (299.253 [95% CI, 20.508-4,366.709]), followed by MMP-9 (DORpooled, 29.571 [95% CI 17.750-49.267]) and ferritin (DORpooled, 24.032 [95% CI 2.557-225.871]). However, wide confidence intervals for ferritin and c-Fn suggested lesser reliability of the markers. Patients with MMP-9 levels ≥140 ng/mL were 29.5 times at higher risk of developing symptomatic HT after AIS (area under the curve = 0.881). S100B (DORpooled, 6.286 [95% CI, 1.861-21.230]) and NLR (DORpooled, 5.036 [95% CI, 2.898-8.749]) had lower diagnostic accuracies. Among the markers not included for meta-analysis, caveolin-1, thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and soluble ST2 were highly sensitive. Elevated levels of MMP-9, ferritin, and NLR were found to be associated with poor functional outcomes and mortality.
CONCLUSION
Of the 5 biomarkers, there was enough evidence that MMP-9 has higher diagnostic accuracy for predicting the risk of HT before thrombolysis. MMP-9, ferritin, and NLR also predicted poor short-term outcomes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Brain Ischemia; Ferritins; Hemorrhage; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Stroke
PubMed: 34569521
DOI: 10.1159/000518570 -
Nutrients Oct 2020Several studies indicate that oxidative stress might play a central role in the initiation and maintenance of cardiovascular diseases. It remains unclear whether...
Several studies indicate that oxidative stress might play a central role in the initiation and maintenance of cardiovascular diseases. It remains unclear whether ceruloplasmin acts as a passive marker of inflammation or as a causal mediator. To better understand the impact of ceruloplasmin blood levels on the risk of cardiovascular disease, and paying special attention to coronary heart disease, we conducted a search on the two most commonly used electronic databases (Medline via PubMed and EMBASE) to analyze current assessment using observational studies in the general adult population. Each study was quality rated using criteria developed by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Most of 18 eligible studies reviewed support a direct relationship between ceruloplasmin elevated levels and incidence of coronary heart disease. Our results highlight the importance of promoting clinical trials that determine the functions of ceruloplasmin as a mediator in the development of coronary heart disease and evaluate whether the treatment of elevated ceruloplasmin levels has a role in the prognosis or prevention of this condition.
Topics: Aged; Ceruloplasmin; Coronary Disease; Female; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Incidence; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 33096845
DOI: 10.3390/nu12103219 -
Medicine Aug 2018Currently, prophylactic use of drugs to promote a healthy gut microbiota and immune system in preterm infants is hot debated, among which lactoferrin is a promising... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Currently, prophylactic use of drugs to promote a healthy gut microbiota and immune system in preterm infants is hot debated, among which lactoferrin is a promising supplementation. However, the effect and safety of lactoferrin to prevent late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants remains controversial.
METHODS
Databases including Medline, Ovid-Embase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, and VIP database of Chinese Journal were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about lactoferrin for preventing LOS and NEC in preterm infants. Languages of included RCTs were restricted to English and Chinese. Meta-analysis was conducted by Rev Man 5.3 software. The Mantel-Haenszel method with random-effects model was used to calculate pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
A total of 9 RCTs, involving 1834 patients, were included. Pooled analysis showed that prophylactic lactoferrin could significantly reduce the incidence all culture-proven LOS (41/629 [6.5%] vs 96/659 [15.3%]; RR 0.47; 95% CI 0.33-0.67; P < .01) and NEC (stage II or more) (9/448 [2.0%] vs 26/462 [5.6%]; RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.18-0.86; P < .01). Lactoferrin was also associated with a significantly decreased hospital-acquired infection (16/139 [11.5%] vs 35/140 [25%]; RR 0.47; 95% CI 0.27-0.80; P < .01); and infection-related mortality (4/474 [0.8%] vs 25/505 [4.9%]; RR 0.24; 95% CI 0.04-1.32; P < .01, I = 53%). Lactoferrin could shorten time to reach full enteral feeding (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -2.11, 95% CI -3.12 to -1.10; P < .01) and showed a decreasing trend of duration of hospitalization (WMD = -1.69, 95% CI -6.87 to 3.50; P < .01; I = 95%). Lactoferrin did not have a significant effect on all-cause mortality (22/625 [3.5%] vs 35/647 [5.4%]; RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.38-1.30; P = .16; I = 13%). None of the included trials reported any confirmed adverse effects caused by the supplemented lactoferrin or probiotics.
CONCLUSION
Current evidence indicates that lactoferrin could significantly reduce the incidence of NEC and LOS, and decrease the risk of hospital-acquired infection and infection-related mortality in premature infants without obvious adverse effects.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Cross Infection; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Lactoferrin; Male; Sepsis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30170397
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011976 -
Medicine May 2021Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common among obstetric and gynecologic patients. This systematic review aimed to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of commonly... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose for iron deficiency anemia in obstetric and gynecologic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
INTRODUCTION
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common among obstetric and gynecologic patients. This systematic review aimed to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of commonly used intravenous (IV) iron formulations, ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), and iron sucrose (IS) in the treatment of IDA in obstetric and gynecologic patients.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IV iron replacement using FCM and IS up to October 2019. The primary outcome was to compare the efficacy of FCM and IS, assessed by measuring serum hemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin levels before and after iron replacement. The secondary outcome was to compare the safety of FCM and IS, assessed by the incidence of adverse events during iron replacement. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.
RESULTS
We identified 9 RCTs with 910 patients (FCM group, n = 456; IS group, n = 454). Before iron replacement, FCM and IS group patients had similar baseline Hb (mean difference [MD], 0.04 g/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.07 to 015; I2 = 0%; P = 0.48) and ferritin levels (MD, -0.42 ng/mL; 95% CI, -1.61 to 0.78; I2 = 45%; P = 0.49). Following iron replacement, patients who received FCM had higher Hb (MD, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.25-1.08; I2 = 92%; P = 0.002) and ferritin levels (MD, 24.41; 95% CI, 12.06-36.76; I2 = 75%; P = 0.0001) than patients who received IS. FCM group showed a lower incidence of adverse events following iron replacement than IS group (risk ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35-0.80; I2 = 0%; P = 0.003). Serious adverse events were not reported in any group.
CONCLUSION
FCM group showed better efficacy in increasing Hb and ferritin levels and a favorable safety profile with fewer adverse events compared with IS group for IDA treatment among obstetric and gynecologic patients. However, this meta-analysis was limited by the small number of RCTs and high heterogeneity.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The review was prospectively registered with the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, registration number CRD42019148905).
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Female; Ferric Compounds; Ferric Oxide, Saccharated; Ferritins; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; Humans; Maltose; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34011020
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024571 -
Systematic Reviews Jan 2024Intravenous iron (IV-iron) is used as an alternative to, or alongside, red blood cell transfusion (RBC-T) to treat more severe postpartum anemia (PPA), although optimal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Intravenous iron (IV-iron) is used as an alternative to, or alongside, red blood cell transfusion (RBC-T) to treat more severe postpartum anemia (PPA), although optimal treatment options remain unclear. No previous systematic reviews have examined IV-iron and RBC-T, including patient-reported outcomes and hematological responses.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing IV-iron and RBC-T with each other, oral iron, no treatment, and placebo for the treatment of PPA. Key inclusion criteria were PPA (hemoglobin < 12 g/dL) and IV-iron or RBC-T as interventions. Key exclusion criteria were antenatal IV-iron or RBC-T. Fatigue was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations, and adverse events. From 27th August 2020 to 26th September 2022, databases, registries, and hand searches identified studies. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was undertaken using RevMan (5.4) software. The quality of the studies and the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias table, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. This review is registered with the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020201115).
RESULTS
Twenty studies and 4196 participants were included: 1834 assigned IV-iron, 1771 assigned oral iron, 330 assigned RBC-T, and 261 assigned non-intervention. Six studies reported the primary outcome of fatigue (1251 participants). Only studies of IV-iron vs. oral iron (15 studies) were available for meta-analysis. Of these, three reported on fatigue using different scales; two were available for meta-analysis. There was a significant reduction in fatigue with IV-iron compared to oral iron (standardized mean difference - 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.62, - 0.18, I = 0%). The direction of effect also favored IV-iron for hemoglobin (mean difference (MD) 0.54 g/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47, 0.61, I = 91%), ferritin, (MD 58.07 mcg/L, 95% CI 55.74, 60.41, I = 99%), and total adverse events (risk-ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.52, 0.77, I = 84%). The overall quality of the evidence was low-moderate.
DISCUSSION
For all outcomes, the evidence for RBC-T, compared to IV-iron, non-intervention, or dose effects of RBC-T is very limited. Further research is needed to determine whether RBC-T or IV-iron for the treatment of PPA is superior for fatigue and hematological outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Iron; Anemia; Blood Transfusion; Hemoglobins; Ferritins; Postpartum Period; Fatigue
PubMed: 38169415
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02400-4 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) known as recurrent aphthous ulcer is a common and painful ulcerations in oral cavity. It has been suggested that hematological... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) known as recurrent aphthous ulcer is a common and painful ulcerations in oral cavity. It has been suggested that hematological parameters seems to be considered as an etiologic factor. So, this meta-analysis and systematic review was aimed to examine the relationship between RAS and hematological parameters.
METHODS
Relevant studies were found using online international databases including Scopus, Science direct, Web of science (ISI), PubMed, and Google Scholar search engine between 2000 and October 2023. The quality of all papers was determined by NOS checklist. Heterogeneity between the results of primary studies was evaluated with I-square index and publication bias was performed by Egger's test and funnel plots. Also, sensitivity analysis was done to check the effect of each of the primary studies on the overall estimate. Also, the statistical analyses were done using Stata software Ver. 11.
RESULTS
By combining the results of primary studies, the standardized mean difference (SMD) of vitamin B12, ferritin, folic acid, hemoglobin, iron and zinc indices with a 95% confidence interval (CI) between the case (patients with RAS) and control (Healthy) groups were estimated -0.52(-0.89, -0.14), -0.20(-0.51, 0.11), -0.42(-0.95, 0.11), -0.58(-0.90, -0.27), 0.01(-0.12, 0.15), -0.33(-0.81, 0.14) respectively. The patients with vitamin B12, ferritin, folic acid, and iron deficiencies and reduced hemoglobin (Hb) level reported 2.93(2.28, 3.78), 2.50(1.48, 4.22), 1.51(0.53, 4.29), 1.46(0.70, 3.03), and 2.14(1.38, 3.32), times more susceptible to develop RAS than healthy individuals.
CONCLUSION
The results of the meta-analysis indicated that the SMD of vitamin B12 serum and Hb levels in the case group was 52%. Our result have also showed that the odds ratio of vitamin B12, ferritin deficiencies, and decreased Hb level in case group was 2.93, 2.50, and 2.14 times more than healthy group.
Topics: Humans; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Folic Acid Deficiency; Folic Acid; Vitamin B 12; Hemoglobins; Ferritins
PubMed: 38493289
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04072-5 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jul 2020Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus. The present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate thyroid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus. The present meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate thyroid dysfunction in Iranian pregnant women.
METHODS
We registered this review at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020166655). The research steps in this systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the MOOSE protocol, and finally, reports were provided based on the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was performed in October 2019 using the international online databases, including Web of Science, Ovid, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CINAHL, Google Scholar as well as national databases were reviewed. Data were extracted after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and qualitative evaluation of the studies. I index and Q test were used to assess differences in studies. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We identified 1261 potential articles from the databases, and 426 articles remained after removing the duplicate and unrelated studies. After evaluating the full text, 52 articles were removed.
RESULTS
Finally, 19 eligible studies including 17,670 pregnant women included for meta-analysis. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Iranian pregnant women was 18.10% (95%CI: 13.89-23.25). The prevalence of hypothyroidism, clinical hypothyroidism, and subclinical hypothyroidism in Iranian pregnant women was respectively estimated to be 13.01% (95%CI: 9.15-18.17), 1.35% (95%CI: 0.97-1.86) and 11.90% (95%CI: 7.40-18.57). The prevalence of hyperthyroidism, clinical hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism in Iranian pregnant women was respectively estimated to be 3.31% (95%CI: 1.62-6.61), 1.06% (95%CI: 0.61-1.84) and 2.56% (95%CI: 0.90-7.05). The prevalence of anti-thyroperoxidase antibody was estimated to be 11.68% (95%CI: 7.92-16.89).
CONCLUSION
The results of this meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism. The decision to recommend thyroid screening during pregnancy for all women is still under debate, because the positive effects of treatment on pregnancy outcomes must be ensured. On the other hand, evidence about the effect of thyroid screening and treatment of thyroid disorders on pregnancy outcomes is still insufficient. Nevertheless, a large percentage of general practitioners, obstetricians and gynecologists perform screening procedures in Iran.
Topics: Adult; Autoantigens; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodide Peroxidase; Iran; Iron-Binding Proteins; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Thyroid Diseases
PubMed: 32664874
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03040-5 -
ESC Heart Failure Oct 2022This review aimed to assess whether oral iron supplementation in a chronic heart failure (HF) population with iron deficiency (ID) or mild anaemia is safe and effective... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
This review aimed to assess whether oral iron supplementation in a chronic heart failure (HF) population with iron deficiency (ID) or mild anaemia is safe and effective according to evidence-based medicine.
METHODS
We retrieved 1803 records from the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from 1 January 1991 to 15 September 2021. The clinical outcome of oral iron supplementation for ID anaemia in patients with HF was the primary endpoint. The primary safety measures included adverse events and all-cause mortality, and efficacy measures included transferrin saturation (Tsat), ferritin levels, and the 6-min walk test (6MWT). The rate ratio (RR) was used to pool the efficacy measures.
RESULTS
Five randomized controlled trials that compared oral iron treatment for patients with the placebo group and included a combined total of 590 participants were analysed. No significant difference was found in all-cause death between oral iron treatment and placebo groups (RR = 0.77; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.46-1.29, Z = 0.98; P = 0.33). However, adverse events were not significantly higher in the iron treatment group (RR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.60-1.16, Z = 1.07; P = 0.28). In addition, ferritin levels and Tsat were slightly increased after iron complex administration in patients with HF but were not statistically significant (ferritin: mean difference [MD] = 2.70, 95% CI, -2.41 to 7.81, Z = 1.04; P = 0.30; Tsat: MD = 27.42, 95% CI, -4.93 to 59.78, Z = 1.66; P = 0.10). No significant difference was found in exercise capacity, as indicated by the 6MWT results (MD = 59.60, 95% CI, -17.89 to 137.08, Z = 1.51; P = 0.13). We also analysed two non-randomized controlled trials with follow-up results showing that oral iron supplementation increased serum iron levels (MD = 28.87, 95% CI, 1.62-56.12, Z = 2.08; P = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the current findings, oral iron supplementation can increase serum iron levels in patients with HF and ID or mild anaemia but does not improve Tsat and 6MWT. In addition, oral iron supplementation is relatively safe.
Topics: Humans; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Ferritins; Heart Failure; Anemia; Dietary Supplements; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 35758130
DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14020 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Sep 2023Anaemia affects approximately 1.8 billion people worldwide; over 60% of anaemia cases globally are due to iron deficiency (ID). Iron deficiency and anaemia contribute to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Anaemia affects approximately 1.8 billion people worldwide; over 60% of anaemia cases globally are due to iron deficiency (ID). Iron deficiency and anaemia contribute to the global burden of disease and affect physical and cognitive development in children, and work productivity and economic well-being in adults. Fortification of food with iron, alone or in combination with other nutrients, is an effective intervention to control ID. Condiments and seasonings are ideal food vehicles for iron fortification in countries where they are commonly used.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effects and safety of condiment and seasoning fortification with iron alone or iron plus other micronutrients on iron deficiency, anaemia, and health-related outcomes in the general population.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and other databases up to 24 January 2023. We also searched the International clinical trials registry platform (ICTRP) for any ongoing trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (randomisation at individual or cluster level), non-randomised controlled trials, interrupted time series with at least three measure points both before and after intervention, and controlled before-after studies. Participants were populations of any age (including pregnant women), from any country, excluding those with critical illness or severe co-morbidities. We included interventions in which condiments or seasonings have been fortified with any combination of iron and other vitamins and minerals, irrespective of the fortification technology used.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently screened and assessed the eligibility of studies. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or input from a third review author. Two review authors extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias in all the included studies. We followed the methods laid out by Cochrane and used GRADE criteria for assessing certainty of the evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
Our search identified 15,902 records after removal of duplicates. We included 16 studies with 20,512 participants (18,410 participants after adjusting for clustering effects). They were all carried out in upper-middle- and lower-middle-income countries. Three studies were controlled before-after studies, one was non-randomised trial, and 12 were RCTs (including three cluster RCTs). Six studies took place in schools; seven in communities; and one each in a nursery/kindergarten, tea estate, and factory. Three studies involved only women, one study involved both women and their children, and all other studies focused on children and/or adolescents. Nine studies used salt as a vehicle for iron fortification, three used fish sauce, two used soy sauce, one used curry powder, and one a "seasoning powder". The dose of iron received by participants ranged from 4.4 mg to 55 mg/day. The sample sizes in the trials ranged from 123 to 14,398, and study durations ranged from three months to two years. Twelve RCTs contributed data for meta-analysis. Six trials compared iron-fortified condiments versus the unfortified condiment, and six trials provided data comparing iron fortification in combination with other micronutrients versus the same condiment with other micronutrients, but no added iron. In one trial, the fortificant contained micronutrients that may have affected the absorption of iron. Overall no studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias. All included studies were assessed to have a high overall risk of bias, with the most concerns being around allocation concealment, blinding, and random sequence generation. There was very high heterogeneity amongst studies in almost all examined outcomes. Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron versus unfortified condiments/seasonings We are uncertain about whether consuming condiments/seasonings fortified with iron in comparison to the same unfortified condiment reduces anaemia at the end of intervention (risk ratio (RR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18 to 0.65; 2328 participants; 4 studies; very low-certainty of evidence). We are uncertain about whether consuming iron-fortified condiments increases haemoglobin concentrations (mean difference (MD) 6.40 (g/L), 95% CI -0.62 to 13.41; 2808 participants; 5 studies; very low-certainty evidence). Fortification of condiments/seasonings with iron probably slightly reduces ID (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.01; 391 participants; 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). We are uncertain about whether fortification with iron increases ferritin concentration (MD 14.81 (µg/L), 95% CI 5.14 to 24.48; 4459 participants; 6 studies; very low-certainty evidence). Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients versus condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron Consuming condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients may reduce anaemia (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.89; 1007 participants; 4 studies; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain about whether fortification of condiments/seasonings with iron plus other micronutrients will improve haemoglobin concentration (MD 6.22 g/dL, 95% CI 1.60 to 10.83; 1270 participants; 5 studies; very low-certainty evidence). It may reduce ID (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.69; 1154 participants; 4 studies; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain about whether fortification with iron plus other micronutrients improves ferritin concentration (MD 10.63 µg/L, 95% CI 2.40 to 18.85; 1251 participants; 5 studies; very low -certainty evidence). Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron versus no intervention No trial reported data on this comparison. No studies reported adverse effects. Funding sources do not appear to have distorted the results in any of the assessed trials.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We are uncertain whether consuming iron-fortified condiments/seasonings reduces anaemia, improves haemoglobin concentration, or improves ferritin concentration. It may reduce ID. Findings about ferritin should be interpreted with caution since its concentrations increase during inflammation. Consuming condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients may reduce anaemia, and we are uncertain whether this will improve haemoglobin concentration or ferritin concentration. More studies are needed to determine the true effect of iron-fortified condiments/seasonings on preventing anaemia and improving health. The effects of this intervention on other health outcomes like malaria incidence, growth and development are unclear.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Anemia; Condiments; Ferritins; Hemoglobins; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Powders
PubMed: 37665781
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009604.pub2 -
Journal of Biological Inorganic... Apr 2023Zinc finger proteins are abundant in the human proteome and are responsible for a variety of functions. The domains that constitute zinc finger proteins are compact... (Review)
Review
Zinc finger proteins are abundant in the human proteome and are responsible for a variety of functions. The domains that constitute zinc finger proteins are compact spherical structures, each comprising approximately 30 amino acid residues, but they also have precise molecular factor functions: zinc binding and DNA recognition. Due to the biological importance of zinc finger proteins and their unique structural and functional properties, many artificial zinc finger proteins have been created and are expected to improve their functions and biological applications. In this study, we review previous studies on the redesign and application of artificial zinc finger proteins, focusing on the experimental results obtained by our research group. In addition, we systematically review various design strategies used to construct artificial zinc finger proteins and discuss in detail their potential biological applications, including gene editing. This review will provide relevant information to researchers involved or interested in the field of artificial zinc finger proteins as a potential new treatment for various diseases.
Topics: Humans; Zinc Fingers; DNA
PubMed: 36749405
DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-01991-6