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The American Journal of Cardiology Nov 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVr) using MitraClip was more effective than surgery or medical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVr) using MitraClip was more effective than surgery or medical therapy for long-term morbidity and mortality. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Library) databases to identify relevant studies that recruited adult patients with functional or secondary mitral valve regurgitation who underwent PMVr with MitraClip implantation using appropriate search terms and Boolean operators. The odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using the random-effects model. A total of 14 studies recruiting 2,593 patients were included. Within 12 months of follow-up, patients who underwent PMVr did not maintain mitral valve regurgitation grade 2+ (OR 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12 to 0.41, p <0.0001, I = 0.0%, p = 0.52) or symptom-free heart failure (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.77, p = 0.0028, I = 0.0%, p = 0.66) compared with their surgical counterparts. Patients were more likely to be rehospitalized for heart failure (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.54 to 5.05, p = 0.0007, I = 0.0%, p = 0.51). However, there was no difference between the groups in terms of all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Whereas, in comparison with medical therapy, PMVr significantly reduced all-cause mortality at 12 and ≥24 months of follow-up (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24, 0.69, p = 0.0009, I = 32%, p = 0.23 and OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.40, 0.75, p = 0.0002, I = 0.0%, p = 0.45, respectively). In conclusion, there was no difference in all-cause death at 12 or 24 months of follow-up between PMVr and the surgical approach, but the durability of valvular repair was inferior with PMVr. In comparison with medical therapy, there was a significant reduction in mortality with PMVr.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Mitral Valve; Treatment Outcome; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Heart Failure; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation
PubMed: 37741106
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.08.097 -
Innovations (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2022Robot-assisted surgery is a minimally invasive approach for repairing the mitral valve. This study aimed to assess its safety and clinical efficacy when compared with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Robot-assisted surgery is a minimally invasive approach for repairing the mitral valve. This study aimed to assess its safety and clinical efficacy when compared with conventional sternotomy, partial sternotomy, and right minithoracotomy.
METHODS
A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies comparing robot-assisted mitral valve repair with conventional sternotomy, partial sternotomy, and right minithoracotomy was conducted following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Meta-analyses were performed where possible.
RESULTS
The search strategy yielded 15 primary studies, of which 12 compared robot-assisted with conventional sternotomy, 2 compared robot-assisted with partial sternotomy, and 6 compared robot-assisted with right minithoracotomy. The overall quality of evidence was low, and there was a lack of data on long-term outcomes. Individual studies and pooled data demonstrated that robotic procedures were comparable to conventional sternotomy and other minimally invasive approaches with respect to the rates of stroke, renal failure, reoperation for bleeding, and mortality. Robot-assisted mitral valve repair was superior to conventional sternotomy with reduced atrial fibrillation, intensive care unit and hospital stay, pain, time to return to normal activities, and physical functioning at 1 year. However, robot-assisted mitral valve repair had longer cardiopulmonary, aortic cross-clamp, and procedure times compared with all other surgical approaches.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on current evidence, robot-assisted mitral valve repair is comparable to other approaches for safety and early postoperative outcomes, despite being associated with longer operative times. Ideally, future studies will be randomized controlled trials that compare between robot-assisted surgery, conventional surgery, and other minimally surgery approaches focusing on hard clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Mitral Valve; Robotics; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Sternotomy; Treatment Outcome; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36529985
DOI: 10.1177/15569845221141488 -
Current Cardiology Reviews 2022Paravalvular Leak (PVL) refers to the retrograde flow of blood in the space between an implanted cardiac valve and native tissue. These are unfortunately but luckily...
BACKGROUND
Paravalvular Leak (PVL) refers to the retrograde flow of blood in the space between an implanted cardiac valve and native tissue. These are unfortunately but luckily relatively uncommon complications of prosthetic valve replacement that, especially when moderate or severe, have important clinical consequences.
OBJECTIVE
Addressing PVL requires a multidisciplinary team to properly diagnose this process and choose the corrective option most likely to result in success.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was undertaken to formulate this narrative review.
RESULTS
This review highlights the complex nature of PVL and the promising contemporary treatments available.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians should be adept at recognizing PVL and characterizing it using multimodality imaging. Using the many available tools and a multidisciplinary approach should lead to favorable outcomes in patients with PVL.
Topics: Humans; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Retrospective Studies; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35546743
DOI: 10.2174/1573403X18666220511113310 -
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology... 2022We aimed to examine the recent evidence and search for novel assessments on intraoperative TEE following mitral valve repair that can impact short and long-term outcomes. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to examine the recent evidence and search for novel assessments on intraoperative TEE following mitral valve repair that can impact short and long-term outcomes.
METHODS
The Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched from January 1, 2008, until January 27, 2021, for studies on patients with severe Mitral Valve Regurgitation (MR) undergoing Mitral Valve (MV) repair surgery with intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) performed after the repair. Additional searches were conducted using Google search engine, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library.
RESULTS
After reviewing 302 records, 8 retrospective and 22 prospective studies were included (n = 30). Due to clinical and methodological diversity, these studies are noncomparable and data were not amenable to quantitative synthesis.
CONCLUSION
Although technological advances allowed the objective assessment of geometric and dynamic alterations of the MV, the impact of the use of these technologies on short- or long-term outcomes was not studied. There is uncertainty and conflicting evidence on the ideal method and metrics to evaluate MV patency post-repair. Few isolated studies validated methods to assess coaptation surface and LV function post-repair.
Topics: Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Humans; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35301024
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2022.03.002 -
The Journal of Invasive Cardiology Nov 2023Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) using the MitraClip (Abbott Vascular) system has emerged as a standard treatment for patients with symptomatic severe secondary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) using the MitraClip (Abbott Vascular) system has emerged as a standard treatment for patients with symptomatic severe secondary or inoperable primary mitral regurgitation (MR). The relatively recent approval of the PASCAL Transcatheter Valve Repair System (Edwards Lifesciences) has expanded the options of TEER devices. However, evidence comparing PASCAL with MitraClip systems is still limited.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature research and meta-analysis in PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases for studies comparing PASCAL and MitraClip systems.
RESULTS
Four observational studies and 1 randomized controlled trial, involving 1315 patients total, were eligible for inclusion. All patients exhibited symptomatic (NYHA II-IV) MR grades 3+ or 4+. Baseline characteristics were comparable across all included studies. The clinical outcomes were assessed according to the Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium consensus. The procedural success rates for the 2 devices were comparable in terms of achieving post-procedural MR grades of less than or equal to 2+ and less than or equal to 1+. Furthermore, most patients improved their clinical status, with no significant differences between patients treated with PASCAL and those treated with MitraClip. In terms of safety, both procedures exhibited low overall mortality rates and occurrence of major adverse events (MAE), without significant difference between the 2 devices. These findings remained consistent in both short- and long-term follow-up assessments.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study revealed similar effectiveness and safety profiles between the PASCAL and MitraClip devices in patients experiencing significant symptomatic MR.
Topics: Humans; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Catheters; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37992330
DOI: 10.25270/jic/23.00218 -
Tricuspid valve repair concomitant with mitral valve surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International Journal of Surgery... Jul 2023Uncertainties persist about whether to aggressively and effectively treat tricuspid regurgitation (TR) during mitral valve (MV) surgery. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Uncertainties persist about whether to aggressively and effectively treat tricuspid regurgitation (TR) during mitral valve (MV) surgery.
REVIEW METHODS
Systematic literature searches were performed in five databases to collect all relevant studies published before May 2022 on whether the tricuspid valve was treated during MV surgery. Separate meta-analyses were performed on data from unmatched studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT)/adjusted studies.
MAIN RESULTS
A total of 44 publications were included, of which eight were RCT studies and the rest were retrospective studies. There was no difference in 30-day mortality [odds ratio (OR): 1.00, 95% CI: 0.71-1.42, OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.30-1.41)] or overall survival [hazard ratio (HR): 1.01, 95% CI: 0.85-1.19, HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.52-1.14] in unmatched studies and RCT/adjusted studies. Late mortality (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21-0.64) and cardiac-related mortality (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21-0.62) were lower in the tricuspid valve repair (TVR) group in the RCT/adjusted studies. In the unmatched studies, overall cardiac mortality (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.88) was lower in the TVR group. In the late TR progression analysis, the late TR progression was lower among patients in the concomitantly intervened tricuspid group, and patients in the untreated tricuspid group were prone to TR progression in both studies (HR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.22-0.41, HR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23-0.58).
CONCLUSIONS
TVR concomitant with MV surgery is most effective in patients with significant TR and dilated tricuspid annulus, especially those with a significantly reduced risk of distant TR progression.
Topics: Humans; Tricuspid Valve; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Treatment Outcome; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37300887
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000396 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2023Mitral Regurgitation (MR) has a strong impact on quality of life and on mid-term survival. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is rapidly expanding and a...
INTRODUCTION
Mitral Regurgitation (MR) has a strong impact on quality of life and on mid-term survival. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is rapidly expanding and a growing number of studies have been published recently.
METHODS
A systematic review of studies reporting on clinical data for patients with symptomatic severe MR undergoing TMVR was performed. Early- and mid-term outcomes (clinical and echocardiographic) were evaluated. Overall weighted means and rates were calculated. Risk ratios or mean differences were calculated for pre- and post-procedural comparisons.
RESULTS
A total of 12 studies and 347 patients who underwent TMVR with devices clinically available or under clinical evaluation were included. Thirty-day mortality, stroke and major bleeding rates were 8.4%, 2.6%, and 15.6%, respectively. Pooled random-effects demonstrated a significant reduction of ≥ grade 3+ MR (RR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02-0.11; < 0.001) and in the rates of patients in NYHA class 3-4 after the intervention (RR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.22-0.34; < 0.001). Additionally, the pooled fixed-effect mean difference for quality of life based on the KCCQ score yielded an improvement in 12.9 points (95% CI:7.4-18.4, < 0.001), and exercise capacity improved by a pooled fixed-effect mean difference of 56.8 meters in the 6-minute walk test (95% CI 32.2-81.3, < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Among 12 studies and 347 patients comprising the updated evidence with current TMVR systems there was a statistically significant reduction in ≥ grade 3+ MR and in the number of patients exhibiting poor functional class (NYHA 3 or 4) after the intervention. Overall rate of major bleeding was the main shortcoming of this technique.
PubMed: 37234369
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1130212 -
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic... Oct 2021Mitral and tricuspid ring annuloplasty dehiscence with consequent recurrent valve regurgitation is a rare but challenging procedural failure. The incidence and...
OBJECTIVES
Mitral and tricuspid ring annuloplasty dehiscence with consequent recurrent valve regurgitation is a rare but challenging procedural failure. The incidence and predisposing risk factors for annuloplasty ring dehiscence include technical and pathological ones.
METHODS
A systematic database search with pooled analysis was conducted of original articles that only included dehiscence rate of mitral and tricuspid ring in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane database and Google Scholar, from inception to November 2020. The outcomes included were dehiscence rate in mitral and tricuspid, type of ring implanted, dehiscence rate by pathology and by ring size and shape.
RESULTS
Our search yielded 821 relevant studies. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 10 340 patients (6543 mitral, 1414 tricuspid) of which 87 (mitral) and 30 (tricuspid) had dehiscence. Overall, dehiscence rate was 1.43%, diagnosed at a median of 4.5 ± 1.0 months postoperatively. A significant difference in mitral dehiscence rate was found by ring type (semi-rigid 1.86%, rigid 2.32%; flexible 0.43%; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in rate of dehiscence by ring size (P = 0.067) and shape in mitral (P = 0.281) but there was higher dehiscence rate in ischaemic compared to non-ischaemic mitral regurgitation (3.91% vs 1.63%; P = 0.022). Among tricuspid studies, 9 of 10 studies did not report any dehiscence.
CONCLUSIONS
Although rigid, semi-rigid and flexible annuloplasty rings provide acceptable valve repair outcomes, mitral annuloplasty ring dehiscence is clinically more common among rigid rings. Understanding the multifactorial nature of ring dehiscence will help in identifying the patients at high risk and improve their clinical outcomes.
Topics: Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Annuloplasty; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Prosthesis Design; Treatment Outcome; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency
PubMed: 33880496
DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezab178 -
Sex-Related Differences in Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cardiology 2022Inequalities in postoperative outcomes between males and females are well described with females often experiencing inferior outcomes after heart valve surgery. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Inequalities in postoperative outcomes between males and females are well described with females often experiencing inferior outcomes after heart valve surgery. The recent literature has demonstrated equivalent or improved outcomes for females after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) and replacement (TMVR) is a relatively newer field with significantly less literature comparing sex differences. This systematic review and meta-analysis looks to provide a comprehensive summary of the published literature comparing outcomes between males and females undergoing transcatheter MV interventions.
METHODS
PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus were systematically searched for all studies comparing outcomes between males and females undergoing TMVr and TMVR. A total of 2,178 English manuscript titles and abstracts were reviewed. Articles were excluded if data were not provided regarding sex differences, transcatheter MV intervention, full-length text was not accessible, or if insufficient data was provided. A total of 2,170 articles were excluded, and 8 articles were included in this study.
RESULTS
Pooled estimates of outcomes demonstrated rates of acute kidney injury (OR 1.28 [95% CI, 1.14-1.44; p < 0.0001]) favored females, while rates of major bleeding favored males (OR 0.85 [95% CI 0.76-0.96; p = 0.01]). Rates of mortality, postoperative MI, and stroke did not differ significantly.
CONCLUSION
A trend has emerged in heart valve interventions with males tending to have improved outcomes after surgical intervention and females experiencing equivalent or improved outcomes after transcatheter interventions. This meta-analysis identified increased rates of acute kidney injury for males, increased rates of major bleeding for females, and otherwise comparable morbidity and mortality in males and females undergoing TMVr.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Cardiac Catheterization; Female; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Male; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Sex Characteristics; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35443246
DOI: 10.1159/000524378 -
Texas Heart Institute Journal Aug 2020Transcatheter mitral valve replacement is increasingly being used as a treatment for high-risk patients who have native mitral valve disease; however, no comprehensive...
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement is increasingly being used as a treatment for high-risk patients who have native mitral valve disease; however, no comprehensive studies on its effectiveness have been reported. We therefore searched the literature for reports on patients with native mitral valve disease who underwent transcatheter access treatment. We found 40 reports, published from September 2013 through April 2017, that described the cases of 66 patients (mean age, 71 ± 12 yr; 30 women; 30 patients with mitral stenosis, 34 with mitral regurgitation, and 2 mixed) who underwent transcatheter mitral valve replacement. We documented their baseline clinical characteristics, comorbidities, diagnostic imaging results, procedural details, and postprocedural results. Access was transapical in 41 patients and transseptal in 25. The 30-day survival rate was 82.5%. The technical success rate (83.3% overall) was slightly but not significantly better in patients who had mitral regurgitation than in those who had mitral stenosis. Transapical access procedures resulted in fewer valve-in-valve implantations than did transseptal access procedures (P=0.026). These current results indicate that transcatheter mitral valve replacement is feasible in treating native mitral disease. The slightly higher technical success rate in patients who had mitral regurgitation suggests that a valve with a specific anchoring system is needed when treating mitral stenosis. Our findings indicate that transapical access is more reliable than transseptal access and that securely anchoring the valve is still challenging in transseptal access.
Topics: Bioprosthesis; Cardiac Catheterization; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Mitral Valve; Prosthesis Design
PubMed: 33472225
DOI: 10.14503/THIJ-18-6650