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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021In recent years, increasing studies have been conducted on the mechanism of gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric diseases and non-neuropsychiatric diseases. The academic... (Review)
Review
In recent years, increasing studies have been conducted on the mechanism of gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric diseases and non-neuropsychiatric diseases. The academic community has also recognized the existence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Chronic pain has always been an urgent difficulty for human beings, which often causes anxiety, depression, and other mental symptoms, seriously affecting people's quality of life. Hyperalgesia is one of the main adverse reactions of chronic pain. The mechanism of gut microbiota in hyperalgesia has been extensively studied, providing a new target for pain treatment. Enterochromaffin cells, as the chief sentinel for sensing gut microbiota and its metabolites, can play an important role in the interaction between the gut microbiota and hyperalgesia through paracrine or neural pathways. Therefore, this systematic review describes the role of gut microbiota in the pathological mechanism of hyperalgesia, learns about the role of enterochromaffin cell receptors and secretions in hyperalgesia, and provides a new strategy for pain treatment by targeting enterochromaffin cells through restoring disturbed gut microbiota or supplementing probiotics.
Topics: Brain; Enterochromaffin Cells; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Probiotics; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34722345
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.760076 -
Cureus Sep 2021Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and causes inflammation and ulcer of the colon. Vedolizumab is a newer biological agent with an inhibitory... (Review)
Review
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and causes inflammation and ulcer of the colon. Vedolizumab is a newer biological agent with an inhibitory effect on α4β7 integrin approved for moderate to severe UC patients. Our study reviewed the clinical response, clinical remission, and mucosal healing of vedolizumab in moderate to severe UC management. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, and nine studies were included in the systematic review. At week six, vedolizumab showed a significant clinical response. At week 52, vedolizumab showed significant mucosal healing and clinical remission. The most commonly associated adverse effects are nasopharyngitis, oropharyngeal infection, and gastrointestinal infection. However, additional clinical trials and observational studies with longer follow-ups are required to study the efficacy and safety of the drug.
PubMed: 34659943
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17729 -
PloS One 2021Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis affect a million people yearly, leading to skin lesions and potentially disfiguring mucosal disease. Current treatments can...
Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis affect a million people yearly, leading to skin lesions and potentially disfiguring mucosal disease. Current treatments can have severe side effects. Allylamine drugs, like terbinafine, are safe, including during pregnancy. This review assesses efficacy and safety of allylamines for the treatment of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. It followed the PRISMA statement for reporting and was preregistered in PROSPERO(CRD4201809068). MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Global Health Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registers were searched from their creation to May 24th, 2020. All original human, animal, and in vitro studies concerning allylamines and cutaneous or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis were eligible for inclusion. Comparators-if any-included both placebo or alternative cutaneous or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis treatments. Complete cure, growth inhibition, or adverse events served as outcomes. The search identified 312 publications, of which 22 were included in this systematic review. There were one uncontrolled and two randomised controlled trials. The only well-designed randomised controlled trial that compared the treatment efficacy of oral terbinafine versus intramuscular meglumine antimoniate in 80 Leismania tropica infected patients showed a non-significant lower cure rate for terbinafine vs meglumine antimoniate (38% vs 53%). A meta-analysis could not be performed due to the small number of studies, their heterogeneity, and low quality. This systematic review shows that there is no evidence of efficacy of allylamine monotherapy against cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Further trials of allylamines should be carefully considered as the outcomes of an adequately designed trial were disappointing and in vitro studies indicate minimal effective concentrations that are not achieved in the skin during standard doses. However, the in vitro synergistic effects of allylamines combined with triazole drugs warrant further exploration.
Topics: Allylamine; Animals; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous; Prognosis
PubMed: 33826660
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249628 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver... Mar 2015Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been suggested as a cause of impaired drug absorption. This infection leads to alteration of the gastric acid secretion... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been suggested as a cause of impaired drug absorption. This infection leads to alteration of the gastric acid secretion that may change the conformational characteristics of drugs and their intestinal absorption leading to uncertainties about the dose to administer and the therapeutic results. A systematic review was undertaken to clarify the implications of drug absorption during the administration of replacement therapies.
METHODS
Electronic databases such as MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library [which includes Cochrane Database of Systematic Review (CDSR), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Database of Abstract of Reviews of Effect (DARE)] were searched. Grey literature databases (e.g. the International clinical trials registry platform, Trials Register, Clinical Trials.gov, Controlled Trials and TrialsCentral), Theses database, Government publication and LILACS database were also searched. No language restriction was applied.
RESULTS
Infection and altered drug absorption were evaluated in patients under replacement therapies with iron, thyroxin and L-dopa. In all, seven studies included an improvement in drug absorption after eradication and an existing inverse correlation between the grade of gastric inflammation and indices of drug absorption were noticed.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review confirmed the presence of an interaction between infection and drug absorption of orally administered replacement therapies. Gastric acid reduction and subsequent alteration of drug composition seem to lead this mechanism. Clinicians should be aware of this possible interaction when starting a replacement therapy in patients and when evaluating poor clinical response.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Absorption; Iron Compounds; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Remission Induction; Thyroxine; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 25822439
DOI: 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.fio -
JCO Global Oncology Mar 2024Head and neck cancer accounts for about one third of the global burden in India. Mucosal high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been hypothesized as a contributory... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Head and neck cancer accounts for about one third of the global burden in India. Mucosal high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been hypothesized as a contributory risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) but its prevalence in Indian patients is not well established. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of HPV in HNC in India and their attributable fraction by considering the biomarkers of carcinogenesis, p16, and HPV mRNA.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was done in Medline via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Cochrane to identify studies on HPV and HNC in the Indian population, published between January 1990 and October 2022. Fifty-four eligible studies were identified and relevant clinical information was collected. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of HPV DNA, p16INK4a, and mRNA percent positivity by random-effect logistic regression model using Metapreg, STATA 18.
RESULTS
Thirty-four high-quality studies were taken for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HPV in HNC was 20% (95% CI, 12 to 32) with a high level of heterogeneity ( = 90.79%). The proportion of HPV in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC; 22% [95% CI, 13 to 34]) and laryngeal cancer (LC; 29% [95% CI, 17 to 46]) was higher than in oral cancer (OC; 16% [95% CI, 8 to 30]). The HPV-attributable fraction of OPC, considering the mRNA and p16 positivity, was 12.54% and 9.68%, respectively, almost similar to LC (11.6% and 9.57%), while it was much lower in OC (3.36% and 4%).
CONCLUSION
The HPV-attributable fraction is considerably lower for OC, suggesting a negligible causative role of HPV in OC. A significant proportion of OPC and LC are attributed to HPV; however, their exact causative role is unclear because of the presence of other known risk factors.
Topics: Humans; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; DNA, Viral; Head and Neck Neoplasms; India; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 38513185
DOI: 10.1200/GO.23.00464 -
Journal of Periodontology Aug 2014This systematic review was requested by the Task Force of the American Academy of Periodontology as a follow-up study of the 2013 report, with an aim to investigate the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
This systematic review was requested by the Task Force of the American Academy of Periodontology as a follow-up study of the 2013 report, with an aim to investigate the efficacy of different surgical approaches to treat peri-implantitis.
METHODS
A search of four electronic databases from January 1990 to May 2013 was performed. Studies included were human clinical trials published in English that applied surgeries for treating peri-implantitis. Parameters evaluated included probing depth (PD) reduction, clinical attachment level gain, bleeding on probing (BOP) reduction, radiographic bone fill (RBF), and mucosal recession. The weighted mean (WM) and the 95% confidence interval of the studied parameters were estimated with the random-effect model.
RESULTS
A total of 1,306 studies were initially identified, after reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts, and 21 articles, 12 of which were case series, were finally included. Four treatment groups were identified: 1) access flap and debridement; 2) surgical resection; 3) application of bone grafting materials; and 4) guided bone regeneration. The mean initial PD ranged from 4.8 to 8.8 mm, with initial BOP ranging from 19.7% to 100%. Short-term follow-ups (3 to 63 months) revealed that the available surgical procedures yielded a WM PD reduction of 2.04 (group 2) to 3.16 mm (group 4), or 33.4% to 48.2% of the initial PD. The WM RBF was 2.1 mm for groups 3 and 4.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitation of this systematic review, the application of grafting materials and barrier membranes resulted in greater PD reduction and RBF, but there is a lack of high-quality comparative studies to support this statement. The results might be used to project treatment outcomes after surgical management of peri-implantitis.
Topics: Bone Substitutes; Debridement; Dental Etching; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24261909
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130563 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Feb 2024Skull base reconstruction is a crucial step during transsphenoidal surgery. Sphenoid mucosa is a mucosal membrane located in the sphenoid sinus. Preservation and... (Review)
Review
Skull base reconstruction is a crucial step during transsphenoidal surgery. Sphenoid mucosa is a mucosal membrane located in the sphenoid sinus. Preservation and lateral shifting of sphenoid mucosa as sphenoid mucosal flap (SMF) during the transsphenoidal exposure of the sella may be important for later closure. This is the first systematic review to evaluate the utility of sphenoid mucosal flap for sellar reconstruction after transsphenoidal surgery. A systematic literature search was performed in January 2023: Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The following keywords and their combinations were used: "sphenoid mucosa", "sphenoid sinus mucosa", "sphenoid mucosal flap", "sphenoid sinus mucosal flap". From a total number of 749 records, 10 articles involving 1671 patients were included in our systematic review. Sphenoid sinus mucosa used to be applied for sellar reconstruction as either a vascularized pedicled flap or as a free flap. Three different types of mucosal flaps, an intersinus septal flap, a superiorly based flap and an inferiorly based flap, were described in the literature. Total SMF covering compared to partial or no SMF covering in sellar floor reconstruction resulted in fewer postoperative CSF leaks ( = 0.008) and a shorter duration of the postoperative lumbar drain ( = 0.003), if applied. Total or partial SMF resulted in fewer local complications ( = 0.012), such as fat graft necrosis, bone graft necrosis, sinusitis or fungal infection, in contrast to no SMF implementation. SMF seems to be an effective technique for skull base reconstruction after transsphenoidal surgery, as it can reduce the usage of avascular grafts such as fat along with the incidence of local complications, such as fat graft necrosis, bone graft necrosis, sinusitis and fungal infection, or it may improve the sinonasal quality of life by maintaining favorable wound healing through vascular flap and promote the normalization of the sphenoid sinus posterior wall. Further clinical studies evaluating sphenoid mucosal flap preservation and application in combination with other techniques, particularly for higher-grade CSF leaks, are required.
Topics: Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Sphenoid Sinus; Quality of Life; Pituitary Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Surgical Flaps; Sinusitis; Necrosis; Osteonecrosis; Mycoses; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38399569
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020282 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Tuberculosis (TB), caused by respiratory infection with , remains a major global health threat. The only licensed TB vaccine, the one-hundred-year-old Bacille... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by respiratory infection with , remains a major global health threat. The only licensed TB vaccine, the one-hundred-year-old Bacille Calmette-Guérin has variable efficacy and often provides poor protection against adult pulmonary TB, the transmissible form of the disease. Thus, the lack of an optimal TB vaccine is one of the key barriers to TB control. Recently, the development of highly efficacious COVID-19 vaccines within one year accelerated the vaccine development process in human use, with the notable example of mRNA vaccines and adenovirus-vectored vaccines, and increased the public acceptance of the concept of the controlled human challenge model. In the TB vaccine field, recent progress also facilitated the deployment of an effective TB vaccine. In this review, we provide an update on the current virus-vectored TB vaccine pipeline and summarize the latest findings that might facilitate TB vaccine development. In detail, on the one hand, we provide a systematic literature review of the virus-vectored TB vaccines are in clinical trials, and other promising candidate vaccines at an earlier stage of development are being evaluated in preclinical animal models. These research sharply increase the likelihood of finding a more effective TB vaccine in the near future. On the other hand, we provide an update on the latest tools and concept that facilitating TB vaccine research development. We propose that a pre-requisite for successful development may be a better understanding of both the lung-resident memory T cell-mediated mucosal immunity and the trained immunity of phagocytic cells. Such knowledge could reveal novel targets and result in the innovative vaccine designs that may be needed for a quantum leap forward in vaccine efficacy. We also summarized the research on controlled human infection and ultra-low-dose aerosol infection murine models, which may provide more realistic assessments of vaccine utility at earlier stages. In addition, we believe that the success in the ongoing efforts to identify correlates of protection would be a game-changer for streamlining the triage of multiple next-generation TB vaccine candidates. Thus, with more advanced knowledge of TB vaccine research, we remain hopeful that a more effective TB vaccine will eventually be developed in the near future.
Topics: Animals; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; Mice; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis Vaccines; Vaccine Development
PubMed: 35812383
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895020 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2018Although fungal colonization is implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, its prevalence remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Although fungal colonization is implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, its prevalence remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide an overview on the prevalence of species in patients with psoriasis. We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and http://clinicaltrials.gov) to identify studies involving subjects of any age with an established diagnosis of psoriasis and healthy controls, who were tested for carriage of spp. on the skin or mucosal membranes (or saliva and stool), or presented with clinical candidiasis with microbiologically confirmed etiology. We identified nine cross-sectional studies including a total of 1038 subjects with psoriasis (psoriatics) and 669 controls. We found species detection rates for psoriatics were significantly higher than those in the controls, especially in the oral mucosa milieux. These results suggest psoriasis may be one of the systemic diseases that predispose to oral spp. carriage and infection.
Topics: Animals; Candida; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mice; Prevalence; Psoriasis; Skin
PubMed: 29853795
DOI: 10.1155/2018/9602362 -
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 2016Our understanding of the resident microbiome of the paranasal sinuses has changed considerably in recent years. Once presumed to be sterile, healthy sinus cavities are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Our understanding of the resident microbiome of the paranasal sinuses has changed considerably in recent years. Once presumed to be sterile, healthy sinus cavities are now known to harbor a diverse assemblage of microorganisms, and, it is hypothesized that alterations in the kinds and quantities of these microbes may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
OBJECTIVES
To review the current literature regarding the sinus microbiome and collate research findings from relevant studies published to date.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed on all molecular studies that investigated the microbial communities of the paranasal sinuses. Methods of detection, microbiome composition, and comparative profiling between patients with and without CRS were explored.
RESULTS
A complex consortium of microorganisms has been demonstrated in the sinuses of both patients with and without CRS. However, the latter generally have been characterized by reduced biodiversity compared with controls, with selective enrichment of particular microbes (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus). Such disruptions in the resident microbiome may contribute to disease pathogenesis by enhancing the virulence of potential pathogens and adversely modulating immune responses.
CONCLUSION
The advent of culture-independent molecular approaches has led to a greater appreciation of the intricate microbial ecology of the paranasal sinuses. Microbiota composition, distribution, and abundance impact mucosal health and influence pathogen growth and function. A deeper understanding of the host-microbiome relationship and its constituents may encourage development of new treatment paradigms for CRS, which target restoration of microbiome homeostasis and cultivation of optimal microbial communities.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Chronic Disease; Homeostasis; Humans; Microbiota; Paranasal Sinuses; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sinusitis
PubMed: 26867525
DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4255