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Scientific Reports Sep 2015The association of dairy products consumption with risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been inconsistently reported in observational studies. A systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The association of dairy products consumption with risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been inconsistently reported in observational studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies was conducted to quantitatively evaluate this association. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases and by carefully checking the bibliographies of retrieved full reports and related reviews. Eligible studies were observational studies that investigated the association between dairy products consumption and risk of MetS in adults, with risk estimates available. Random-effects model was assigned to calculate the summary risk estimates. The final analysis included 15 cross-sectional studies, one case-control study and seven prospective cohort studies. Higher dairy consumption significantly reduced MetS by 17% in the cross-sectional/case-control studies (odds ratio = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.94), and by 14% (relative risk [RR] = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.79-0.92) in cohort studies. The inverse dairy-MetS association was consistent in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. The dose-response analysis of the cohort studies conferred a significant 6% (RR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.90-0.98) reduction in the risk of MetS for each increment in dairy consumption of one serving/d. No significant publication bias was observed. Our findings suggest an inverse dose-response relationship between dairy consumption and risk of MetS.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dairy Products; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Odds Ratio; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26416233
DOI: 10.1038/srep14606 -
PloS One 2015Psoriasis is considered a systemic inflammatory disorder. Previous studies have reported conflicting positive or negative correlations between psoriasis and chronic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Psoriasis is considered a systemic inflammatory disorder. Previous studies have reported conflicting positive or negative correlations between psoriasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether there is an associated risk between psoriasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We performed a complete 30-year literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register databases on this topic. Four observational studies with a total of 13,418 subjects were identified. The odds ratios of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in subjects with psoriasis/mild-to-moderate psoriasis were analyzed using the random-effects model, while the odds ratios of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in subjects with severe psoriasis and current smoking in subjects with psoriasis were analyzed using the fixed-effect model. We found that psoriasis patients were at a greater risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than the general population (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-2.65) and that the association between of psoriasis and with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was stronger among patients with severe psoriasis (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-3.67). Psoriasis patients should be advised to cease smoking to reduce their risk of COPD. Moreover, identification of this potential risk may enable earlier implementation of preventive measures for reduction comorbidity and mortality rates.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Humans; Middle Aged; Observational Studies as Topic; Odds Ratio; Psoriasis; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Risk Assessment; Smoking
PubMed: 26700640
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145221 -
PloS One 2015Myopia has a multifactorial etiology, although environmental factors are predominant in determining its current patterns. Currently, associations between near work... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Myopia has a multifactorial etiology, although environmental factors are predominant in determining its current patterns. Currently, associations between near work activities and myopia have not been consistently observed. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to quantify the effect of near work activities on myopia in children. Relevant articles published between 1989 and 2014 were identified in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, and the citation lists were reviewed. Twelve cohort studies and 15 cross-sectional studies were included (25,025 children aged between 6 and 18 years). The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Study-level data were pooled using a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model (when less than 5 studies were included). We found that more time spent on near work activities was associated with higher odds of myopia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.20) and that the odds of myopia increased by 2% (OR:1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03) for every one diopter-hour (hr) more of near work per week. Therefore, the development of a strategy to reduce the impact of near work on myopia would be important for preventing myopia in children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Myopia; Odds Ratio; Reading; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Work
PubMed: 26485393
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140419 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong... Jan 2017Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) occur commonly, especially among certain groups of individuals. In this meta-analysis, we aim to identify risk factors for RCTs. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) occur commonly, especially among certain groups of individuals. In this meta-analysis, we aim to identify risk factors for RCTs.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE for 210 articles. Seventeen articles were selected for systematic review, of which 10 were eligible for meta-analysis. Data was analysed with Review Manager 5.3, using Mantel-Haenszel statistics and random effect models.
RESULTS
A total of 6653 individuals were analysed. The odds of sustaining a RCT on the dominant hand was 2.30 times more than the non-dominant hand (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-5.25, Z = 1.99, p = 0.05; Heterogenity: τ = 0.38, χ = 8.84, df = 2 ( p = 0.01), I = 77%). The odds of an individual aged 60 years and above sustaining a RCT was 5.07 times higher than an individual less than 60 years old (95% CI: 2.45-10.51, Z = 4.37, p < 0.001; Heterogenity: τ = 0.47, χ = 25.24, df = 3 ( p < 0.001), I = 88%). Female gender was not a significant association, with an odds ratio of 0.98 when compared to the male gender (95% CI: 0.66-1.45, Z = 0.09, p = 0.93; Heterogenity: τ = 0.20, χ = 44.24, df = 5 ( p < 0.001), I = 89%).
CONCLUSIONS
Hand dominance and older age are associated with RCTs. More studies are required for further assessment of associations and risk factors of RCTs.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Sex Factors
PubMed: 28211286
DOI: 10.1177/2309499016684318 -
Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.BMC Medicine Apr 2021The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the available evidence on the association of breastfeeding with the risk of childhood cancer. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the available evidence on the association of breastfeeding with the risk of childhood cancer.
METHODS
A literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify eligible observational studies published from inception to July 17, 2020. The categorical and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted by pooling relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected by meta-regression and stratification analysis. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also carried out.
RESULTS
Forty-five articles involving 475,579 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Among the thirty-three studies on the association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood leukemia, the pooled risk estimates were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.65-0.91) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.63-0.94) for ever versus non/occasional breastfeeding and longest versus shortest breastfeeding duration group, respectively. There was clear indication for non-linear dose-response relationship between breastfeeding duration and the risk of childhood leukemia (P non-linear < 0.001). The most protective effect (OR, 0.66, 95% CI 0.62-0.70) was observed at a breastfeeding duration of 9.6 months. Four studies examined, the association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood neuroblastoma, and significant inverse associations were consistently observed in both the comparisons of ever breastfeeding versus non/occasional breastfeeding (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.44-0.81) and longest versus shortest breastfeeding (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.44-0.83). However, no associations of breastfeeding with risk of other cancers were found.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study supports a protective role of breastfeeding on the risk of childhood leukemia, also suggesting a non-linear dose-response relationship. Further studies are warranted to confirm the association between breastfeeding and risk of childhood neuroblastoma.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Child; Female; Humans; Neoplasms; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Time Factors
PubMed: 33845843
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01950-5 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2021Several studies report a high prevalence of inflammatory arthritis among hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) patients. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Several studies report a high prevalence of inflammatory arthritis among hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) patients.
OBJECTIVES
To study the association between HS and inflammatory arthritis.
METHODS
The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines to identify the association between HS and inflammatory arthritis, spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
RESULTS
Seven studies were entered in the analysis, with 200,361 HS patients and 385,599 controls. Pooled analysis illustrated a significantly increased risk of inflammatory arthritis in HS patients compared to controls (odds ratio [OR] 3.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.92-6.17). There was also a statistically significant association between HS and spondyloarthritis (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.40-3.15), and between HS and AS (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.14-3.12). Moreover, pooled analysis showed a statistically significant association between HS and RA (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.28-2.98).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings show that HS patients have a 3-fold increased risk of developing inflammatory arthritis. HS patients are specifically at a higher risk for spondyloarthritis, its subtype AS, and RA.
Topics: Arthritis; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Odds Ratio; Prevalence
PubMed: 33774640
DOI: 10.1159/000514582 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2021Evidence has suggested that parental age at birth is a risk factor of offspring attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a meta-analysis of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Evidence has suggested that parental age at birth is a risk factor of offspring attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies investigating the association between parental age and offspring ADHD. We conducted a systematic search that followed the recommended guidelines for performing meta-analyses on PUBMED, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to 8 April 2021. We calculated pooled risk estimates from individual age with and without adjusting for possible confounding factors. Dose-response analysis for parental age and ADHD risk was performed. Eleven studies were selected in this meta-analysis, which included 111,101 cases and 4,417,148 participants. Compared with the reference points, the lowest parental age category was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the offspring, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.49 (95% confidence intervals (95%CI) 1.19-1.87) and 1.75 (95%CI 1.31-2.36) for the mother and father, respectively. The highest parental age was statistically insignificant, with adjusted ORs of 1.11 (95%CI 0.79-1.55) and 0.93 (95%CI 0.70-1.23) for mother and father separately. Dose-response analysis indicated a non-linear relationship of parental age with offspring ADHD, with the lowest ADHD risk at 31-35 years old. The results of this meta-analysis support an association between young parental age and the risk of ADHD. More high-quality studies are needed to establish whether the association with parental age is causal.
Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Fathers; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mothers; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34066379
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094939 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2015Studies that investigated the association between socio-economic position (SEP) and obesity in children suggest inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Studies that investigated the association between socio-economic position (SEP) and obesity in children suggest inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to summarize and quantify the current evidence on SEP and risks of overweight and obesity in children aged 0-15 years. Relevant studies published between 1990 to Sep 4, 2014 were searched in Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Risk estimates from individual studies were pooled using random-effects models, according to lowest vs the highest SEP category. A total of 62 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The odds of both overweight risk and obesity risk were higher in the children with lowest SEP than in those with highest SEP (OR, 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.17, and OR, 1.41, 95% CI: 1.29-1.55, respectively). Sub-group analyses showed that the inverse relationships between SEP and childhood overweight and obesity were only found in high-income countries and in more economic developed areas. In conclusion, our study suggests that children with lower SEP had higher risks of overweight and obesity, and the increased risks were independent of the income levels of countries.
Topics: Child; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Odds Ratio; Overweight; Risk; Social Class
PubMed: 26112253
DOI: 10.1038/srep11354 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2023Type-1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease characterized by damage to pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, is associated with adverse renal, retinal, cardiovascular, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Type-1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease characterized by damage to pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, is associated with adverse renal, retinal, cardiovascular, and cognitive outcomes, possibly including dementia. Moreover, the protozoal parasite has been associated with type-1 diabetes. To better characterize the association between type-1 diabetes and infection, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies that evaluated the relationship between type-1 diabetes and infection. A random-effects model based on nine primary studies (total number of participants = 2655) that met our inclusion criteria demonstrated a pooled odds ratio of 2.45 (95% confidence interval, 0.91-6.61). Removing one outlying study increased the pooled odds ratio to 3.38 (95% confidence interval, 2.09-5.48). These findings suggest that infection might be positively associated with type-1 diabetes, although more research is needed to better characterize this association. Additional research is required to determine whether changes in immune function due to type-1 diabetes increase the risk of infection with infection with increases the risk of type-1 diabetes, or both processes occur.
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Odds Ratio; Seroepidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 36901457
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054436 -
BMC Geriatrics Dec 2023Both osteoporosis and cognitive impairment affect overall health in elderly individuals. This study aimed to investigate the association between cognitive impairment and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Both osteoporosis and cognitive impairment affect overall health in elderly individuals. This study aimed to investigate the association between cognitive impairment and the risk of osteoporosis.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies on the association between osteoporosis and cognitive impairment from their inception until August 2023. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR) of osteoporosis in patients with cognitive impairment. Subgroup analysis was used to detect the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the robustness of the pooled results. Funnel plots, Egger's test, and Begg's test were used to test publication bias.
RESULTS
Ten studies involving 9,872 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that patients with cognitive impairment had an increased risk of osteoporosis (RR = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-1.87, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are at 1.7-fold risk of osteoporosis compared with the control group (RR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.23-2.37, p = 0.001), and sex, cognitive classification, study region, study design, and study quality might be the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis showed robustness of the pooled results. No significant publication bias was found (Begg's test, p = 0.474; Egger's test, p = 0.065).
CONCLUSION
Current evidence suggests that patients with cognitive impairment are at increased risk of osteoporosis, especially patients with AD.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cognitive Dysfunction; Osteoporosis; Alzheimer Disease; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 38049723
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04548-z