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Cureus Jan 2023The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) in the head and neck region. We examined the... (Review)
Review
The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) in the head and neck region. We examined the evidence of the association of ACE 2 expression in oral tissues, salivary glands, and head and neck carcinoma. We searched Pub Med/Medline, Biorxiv, and Google Scholar to identify relevant literature. Studies reporting ACE 2 expression in human oral tissues and with a focus on head and neck carcinoma samples were included. From 110 studies, we extracted 15 studies analyzing the distribution and expression of ACE 2 in different head and neck tissues - olfactory mucosa and nasopharynx n=5, oral mucosa n=5, salivary gland n=5, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients n=3. ACE 2 was found to be expressed at a 4.43-fold increase in the head and neck region (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 3.76-5.22; I= 97%, P=<0.00001) when compared with controls (other tissues except for head and neck region). RNA expression of ACE 2 was 60% higher in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients than that in the normal tissues (OR=0.60, 95% CI, 0.04-9.26, P=0.00001). In conclusion, the meta-analysis of the studies indicated that ACE 2 is highly expressed in olfactory mucosa, nasopharynx, oral mucosa, and salivary glands. Furthermore, the results indicate that ACE 2 expression is increased in patients with head and neck cancer.
PubMed: 36819393
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33673 -
Cureus Nov 2023One of the most poorly recognized and inadequately managed diseases, oral submucous fibrosis progresses over time. Betel nut eating is the foremost cause of oral... (Review)
Review
One of the most poorly recognized and inadequately managed diseases, oral submucous fibrosis progresses over time. Betel nut eating is the foremost cause of oral submucous fibrosis. One such condition is oral submucous fibrosis, which is characterized by severe trismus, disability, and a higher risk of cancer. The mouth opening gradually decreases, which is related to difficulty eating, altered gustatory sensation, and mouth dryness, leading to decreased oral intake. The main and beginning signs include decreased mouth opening, pain, difficulty eating, dry mouth, and blanching of the buccal mucosa. This is treated first with medication, then with exercises for the mouth that a physiotherapist has recommended. However, the function of a physical therapist is not clearly defined. Physiotherapy may be used with other therapies to treat oral submucous fibrosis. Mouth-opening exercises, ultrasound, and other therapeutic interventions are available. This article tries to describe the kind of physical therapy that can be recommended for treating oral submucous fibrosis. It is crucial to understand pain management, physiotherapy management for grade III and IV oral submucous fibrosis various additional exercises, modalities and their ideal dose, and strategy for the long-term effect of the treatments to conduct further research.
PubMed: 38046698
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48155 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2021Systematic scleroderma is a rare chronic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of orofacial pathognomonic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Systematic scleroderma is a rare chronic autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of orofacial pathognomonic conditions in patients with systemic scleroderma using only randomised prospective studies that investigated the treatment of oral and maxillofacial changes, highlighted associations between the disease and Sjogren's syndrome, and/or analysed the effect of oral hygiene.
METHODS
The literature was systematically reviewed based on Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science articles published up to March 2020. The primary endpoint of this analysis was defined as an estimation of the prevalence of oral mucosal changes in different areas of the oral cavity (oral mucosa, tongue, lip, periodontal status, bones, and other regions) in patients suffering from scleroderma. Therefore, a systematic literature search (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted and limited by the publication date (1950-03/2020) and the publication language (English). Extracted frequencies were pooled using methods for meta-analysis. In order to obtain the highest level of evidence, only prospective study reports were considered to be eligible.
RESULTS
After full-text screening, 14 (766 patients) out of 193 publications were eligible for the final analysis. Twelve studies produced reliable results in the final data sets. Calculation of the pooled effect estimate (random effects model) revealed a prevalence of 57.6% (95% CI: 40.8-72.9%) for the main area "lip". For the area "oral mucosa", a prevalence of 35.5% (95% CI: 15.7-62.0%) was calculated. The prevalence for "other regions" was only based on studies with salivary changes and was calculated to be 25.4% (95% CI: 14.2-41.3%).
CONCLUSION
The most pathognomonic conditions in the orofacial region in patients with systemic scleroderma affect the lips, oral mucosa, and salivary glands.
Topics: Humans; Lip; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Scleroderma, Systemic; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 34069099
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105238 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... Aug 2022Oral erythroplakia has been classically considered as the potentially malignant disorder with the highest rate of malignant development into squamous cell carcinoma.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Oral erythroplakia has been classically considered as the potentially malignant disorder with the highest rate of malignant development into squamous cell carcinoma. This critical systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the malignant development rate of oral erythroplakia and identify the associated risk factors.
METHODS
We performed a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS, with keywords "erythroplakia," "erythroplasia," "malignant transformation," "malignant development," "malignization," "carcinogenesis," "oral cancer," "oral squamous cell carcinoma," "mouth neoplasm," and "prognosis." Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Ten observational studies with 441 patients met the inclusion criteria, whose mean malignant development rate was 12.7% and with a mean follow-up period of patients of 6.66 years. In the initial biopsy, 42.8% of oral erythroplakia were already squamous cell carcinoma. The buccal mucosa was the most frequent location of oral erythroplakia, but the floor of the mouth was the most common site of malignant development. All patients who underwent malignant development showed epithelial dysplasia on the initial diagnostic biopsy.
CONCLUSION
Overall malignant development rate of OE in the meta-analysis was 19.9%. We could not associate any specific clinicopathological feature with the malignant development. The presence of epithelial dysplasia in the initial biopsy remains the worst prognostic factor. Further observational studies on OE are needed, with well-established diagnostic criteria and good clinical follow-up, in order to identify the true risk of malignant development of oral erythroplakia and the related risk factors.
Topics: Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Erythroplasia; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Oral Ulcer; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 35488780
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13304 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jan 2017Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) is a benign lesion of the palatal mucosa. It is usually found in denture-wearers but also has been reported in patients without... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) is a benign lesion of the palatal mucosa. It is usually found in denture-wearers but also has been reported in patients without a history of use of a maxillary prosthesis use.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to review the literature to assess the prevalence of denture stomatitis and inflammatory papillary hyperplasia and the etiological factors associated.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search was carried out in PubMed (January 2005 to October 2015) with the key words "inflammatory papillary hyperplasia", "denture stomatitis", "granular stomatitis" and "Newton's type III" The inclusion criteria were studies including at least a sample of 50 apparently healthy patients, articles published from 2005 to 2015 written in English. The exclusion criteria were reviews and non-human studies.
RESULTS
Out of the 190 studies obtained initially from the search 16 articles were selected to be included in our systematic review. The prevalence of denture stomatitis was 29.56% and 4.44% for IPH. We found 5 cases of denture stomatitis among non-denture-wearer individuals. All IPH cases were associated with the use of prosthesis. Smoking and continued use of ill-fitting dentures turned out to be the most frequent risk factors for developing IPH.
CONCLUSIONS
IPH is a rare oral lesion and its pathogenesis still remains unclear. Its presentation among non-denture-wearers is extremely unusual.
Topics: Humans; Hyperplasia; Mouth Mucosa; Palate; Prevalence; Stomatitis; Stomatitis, Denture
PubMed: 27918740
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21405 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) occur frequently within the general population and are the most common non-dental cause of orofacial pain. Temporomandibular joint... (Review)
Review
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) occur frequently within the general population and are the most common non-dental cause of orofacial pain. Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a degenerative joint disease (DJD). There have been several different methods of treatment of TMJ OA listed, including pharmacotherapy among others. Due to its anti-aging, antioxidative, bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory, immuno-stimulating, pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic properties, oral glucosamine seems to be a potentially very effective agent in the treatment of TMJ OA. The aim of this review was to critically assess the efficacy of oral glucosamine in the treatment of TMJ OA on the basis of the literature. PubMed and Scopus databases were analyzed with the keywords: (temporomandibular joints) AND ((disorders) OR (osteoarthritis)) AND (treatment) AND (glucosamine). After the screening of 50 results, eight studies have been included in this review. Oral glucosamine is one of the symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis. There is not enough scientific evidence to unambiguously confirm the clinical effectiveness of glucosamine supplements in the treatment of TMJ OA on the basis of the literature. The most important aspect affecting the clinical efficacy of oral glucosamine in the treatment of TMJ OA was the total administration time. Administration of oral glucosamine for a longer period of time, i.e., 3 months, led to a significant reduction in TMJ pain and a significant increase in maximum mouth opening. It also resulted in long-term anti-inflammatory effects within the TMJs. Further long-term, randomized, double-blind studies, with a unified methodology, ought to be performed to draw the general recommendations for the use of oral glucosamine in the treatment of TMJ OA.
Topics: Humans; Glucosamine; Osteoarthritis; Temporomandibular Joint; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Facial Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36902359
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054925 -
The British Journal of Oral &... Nov 2021COVID-19 is a new disease that presents mainly with respiratory symptoms. However, it can present with a multitude of signs and symptoms that affect various body systems... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 is a new disease that presents mainly with respiratory symptoms. However, it can present with a multitude of signs and symptoms that affect various body systems and several oral manifestations have also been reported. We carried out a systematic review to explore the types of oral mucosal lesions that have been reported in the COVID-19-related literature up to 25 March 2021. A structured electronic database search using Medline, Embase, and CINAHL, as well as a grey literature search using Google Scholar, revealed a total of 322 studies. After the removal of duplicates and completion of the primary and secondary filtering processes, 12 studies were included for final appraisal. In patients with COVID-19 infection, we identified several different types of oral mucosal lesions at various locations within the oral cavity. Most of the studies appraised had a high risk of bias according to the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The current published literature does not allow differentiation as to whether the oral lesions were caused by the viral infection itself, or were related to oral manifestations secondary to existing comorbidities or the treatment instigated to combat the disease. It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the possible link between COVID-19 and oral mucosal lesions, and we hereby discuss our findings.
Topics: COVID-19; Health Personnel; Humans; Oral Ulcer; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34563354
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.06.011 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Jul 2016The melanoacanthoma is a rare benign pigmented tumor, characterized by a fast radial growth and clinical behavior similar to melanoma. Color changes in oral mucosa and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The melanoacanthoma is a rare benign pigmented tumor, characterized by a fast radial growth and clinical behavior similar to melanoma. Color changes in oral mucosa and dermis are consequence of increased melanocyte activity as response to an irritant factor. There is a vast phenotypic variety. It is difficult to distinguish between a benign pigmented lesion and a melanoma at its early stage. Due to its clinical relevance is crucial to diagnose possible malignancy of the lesions.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this article is to conduct a systematic review of all published articles, as well as update and evaluate etiologic factors and clinicopathological features.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We carried out a search in the Medline database (PubMed) using the key words "oral melanoacanthoma" AND "oral melanoacanthosis" AND "oral melanoepithelioma". Inclusion criteria were all published articles since its discovery. Demographic data, histological features and immunohistochemical findings were extracted from the full articles.
RESULTS
A total of 56 articles were analysed. 114 injuries drawn from these articles were studied, a total of 115 injuries with our contribution case. The 74.78% of authors claim a reactive pathogenesis. The average age of lesión appearance is 34.79 years, with an age range of 5-87 years. There is a predominance of the female sex in solitary phenotype 3: 2 and a ratio of women to men 5: 3 if it is multifocal phenotype. Bilateral phenotype is slight higher in women of 2: 1.
CONCLUSIONS
Histopathological analysis of the lesión is vital to diagnose malignancy. Therefore, any heterogeneous, pigmented lesion with irregular edges, raised surface, fast growth and abrupt appearance should be biopsied. More emphasis on the potential irritants should also be put to improve the quality of life of our patients and to reduce morbidity of melanoacanthoma, as well as, several similar clinical behavior disease.
KEY WORDS
Melanoacanthoma, oral cáncer, diagnosis.
PubMed: 27398186
DOI: 10.4317/jced.52860 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Sep 2016Rare diseases (RD) are those that present a lower prevalence than 5 cases per 10.000 population. The main objective of this review was to study the effect on oral health... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Rare diseases (RD) are those that present a lower prevalence than 5 cases per 10.000 population. The main objective of this review was to study the effect on oral health in rare diseases, while the secondary objective of the study is theme upgrade.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Comparative observational case-control studies were analysed and a systematic review was conducted in PubMed. Each rare disease listed on the statistical data record of the Health Portal of the Ministry of Equality, Health and Social Policies Board of Andalusia was associated with "oral health". The variables studied included dental, oral mucosa and occlusion alterations, oral pathologies (caries, periodontal disease) and other alterations (mouth breathing, parafunctional habits, etc). A bias analysis of the variable caries was conducted.
RESULTS
Six RD were selected through our inclusion and exclusion criteria (hypogammaglobulinemia, Rett syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, cystic fibrosis and Cri du chat syndrome) in a total of 8 publications, of which four trials were classified as high risk of bias and one of them as medium risk. There were not trials with low risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
The main statistically significant differences found by Syndrome compared to a control group were in Hypogammaglobulinemia with a greater tendency to enamel hypoplasia and dry mouth. The Rett syndrome had, as well, a greater tendency to an anterior open bite, ogival palate, bruxism, mouth breathing and tongue thrusting. Prader-Willi syndrome had a tendency of dental erosion, and Cri du chat syndrome showed a higher association to Tannerella forsythia.
Topics: Bruxism; Cri-du-Chat Syndrome; Dental Caries; Humans; Oral Health; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 27475682
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20972 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023The objective was to evaluate the current evidence regarding the etiology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This study systematically reviewed the... (Review)
Review
The objective was to evaluate the current evidence regarding the etiology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This study systematically reviewed the literature by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases for genes, proteins, and microRNAs associated with MRONJ from the earliest records through April 2023. Conference abstracts, letters, review articles, non-human studies, and non-English publications were excluded. Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria involving exposure of human oral mucosa, blood, serum, saliva, or adjacent bone or periodontium to anti-resorptive or anti-angiogenic agents were analyzed. The Cochrane Collaboration risk assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. A total of 824 differentially expressed genes/proteins (DEGs) and 22 microRNAs were extracted for further bioinformatic analysis using Cytoscape, STRING, BiNGO, cytoHubba, MCODE, and ReactomeFI software packages and web-based platforms: DIANA mirPath, OmicsNet, and miRNet tools. The analysis yielded an interactome consisting of 17 hub genes and hsa-mir-16-1, hsa-mir-21, hsa-mir-23a, hsa-mir-145, hsa-mir-186, hsa-mir-221, and hsa-mir-424. A dominance of cytokine pathways was observed in both the cluster of hub DEGs and the interactome of hub genes with dysregulated miRNAs. In conclusion, a panel of genes, miRNAs, and related pathways were found, which is a step toward understanding the complexity of the disease.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Osteonecrosis; Computational Biology; Gene Regulatory Networks
PubMed: 38069068
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316745