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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2021: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current data about the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its entry... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current data about the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its entry factors in oral tissues and cells. : This systematic review was carried out based on the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Three databases were analyzed (Pubmed, Web of science and Scopus) by three independent researchers. From the 18 identified studies, 10 of them met the inclusion criteria. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 or its entry factors (angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSS), and furin) was analyzed in these 10 studies during the pandemic. ACE2 expression was analyzed in 9 of the 10 studies. ACE2 is expressed mainly in the tongue, oral mucosa, salivary glands and epithelial cells. The expression of the TMPRSS2 gene or protein was analyzed in 6 studies. These studies reported that the expression of TMPRSS2 was mainly in the salivary glands, tongue, sulcular epithelium and oral mucosa; as well as in cells of the salivary glands (ductal, acinar and myoepithelial cells) and the tongue (the spinous-based cell layer, horny layer and the epithelial surface). Other TMPRSS were also reported. The expression of TMPRSS3, TMPRSS4, TMPRSS5, TMPRSS7 and TMPRSS11D was reported mainly in salivary glands and in epithelial-type cells. Furan expression was analyzed in three studies. The expression of furin was detected mainly in epithelial cells of the tongue. A variety of methods were used to carry out the detection of SARS-CoV-2 or its input molecules. : These results show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect a wide variety of oral tissues and cells, and that together with the theories dedicated to explaining the oral symptoms present in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, it provides us with a good scientific basis for understanding the virus infection in the oral cavity and its consequences.
Topics: COVID-19; Furin; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Mouth Mucosa; Neoplasm Proteins; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Serine Endopeptidases
PubMed: 34070998
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060523 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2021Lichen planus (LP) is an autoimmune, mucocutaneous, T-cell mediated chronic inflammatory disease that involves the oral mucosa. The prevalence of LP is 0.04-2% in... (Review)
Review
Lichen planus (LP) is an autoimmune, mucocutaneous, T-cell mediated chronic inflammatory disease that involves the oral mucosa. The prevalence of LP is 0.04-2% in general population with a female predilection. Patients with skin lesions also manifest oral lesions predominantly and about 25% present with only oral lesions. The aim of the systematic review is to analyze the serum cortisol levels in LP patients to elucidate the role of cortisol in pathogenesis of the lesion. A comprehensive search was done using electronic data bases such as PUBMED, EMBASE, SCIENCE DIRECT, COCHRANE, GOOGLE, manual search, and back references of the articles were extracted. A total of seven relevant articles were reviewed and analyzed. Electronic database and manual search identified 55 articles. Out of which, 33 were excluded after reading titles and removing duplication and 23 studies were evaluated in detail after reading the abstract and full text. A final of seven studies were included based on the inclusion criteria to meet the research question. All the studies analyzed the serum cortisol levels in LP patients and also in healthy subjects. Within the limitations of this review, it can be inferred that Cortisol is an established stress hormone and Serum cortisol estimation could be an important indicator in identifying susceptible oral lichen planus patients.
PubMed: 35283522
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_95_21 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2019Extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are widely studied. Oral manifestations are manifold, miscellaneous, and hardly detected by general... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are widely studied. Oral manifestations are manifold, miscellaneous, and hardly detected by general practitioners and gastroenterologists.
OBJECTIVES
The main purpose of this systematic review is to find all the possible correlations between inflammatory bowel disease and the oral cavity in order to underline the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation with dental care providers, and to secure better treatments for patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Articles were searched up to June 2019 through Ebsco's, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. The search terms included IBD, oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease, oral manifestations of Crohn's disease or Ulcerative colitis, an extra-intestinal manifestation of IBD, oral Crohn's disease, and paediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
DISCUSSION
The prevalence of the oral manifestation of IBD ranges from 0.7% to 37% in adults and from about 7% to 23% in children. They can be divided into specific manifestations (cobblestoning mucosa, mucosal tags, cheilitis granulomatosa, pyostomatitis vegetans) and nonspecific manifestations (halitosis, dysphagia, aphthous ulcerations, deep oral fissuring, cheilitis angularis, taste changes, lichen planus). Moreover, the link between IBD and the higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontitis have also been studied.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of oral manifestations that precede or follow intestinal symptoms of IBD, must be taken into serious consideration from both gastroenterologists and dentists in order to allow for early diagnosis and improve patients' quality of life.
PubMed: 31311171
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030077 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2018Implants may be placed penetrating the oral mucosa (1-stage procedure) or can be completely buried under the oral mucosa (2-stage procedure) during the healing phase of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Implants may be placed penetrating the oral mucosa (1-stage procedure) or can be completely buried under the oral mucosa (2-stage procedure) during the healing phase of the bone at the implant surface. With a 2-stage procedure the risk of having unwanted loading onto the implants is minimized, but a second minor surgical intervention is needed to connect the healing abutments and more time is needed prior to start the prosthetic phase because of the wound-healing period required in relation to the second surgical intervention.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate whether a 1-stage implant placement procedure is as effective as a 2-stage procedure.
SEARCH METHODS
The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched. Handsearching included several dental journals. Authors of all identified trials, an Internet discussion group and 55 dental implant manufacturers were contacted to find unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The last electronic search was conducted on 21 January 2009.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All RCTs of osseointegrated dental implants comparing the same dental implants placed according to 1- versus 2-stage procedures with a minimum follow up of 6 months after loading. Outcome measures were: prosthesis failures, implant failures, marginal bone level changes on intraoral radiographs, patient preference including aesthetics, aesthetics evaluated by dentists, and complications.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Screening of eligible studies, assessment of the methodological quality of the trials and data extraction were conducted in duplicate and independently by two review authors. Authors were contacted for missing information. Results were expressed as random-effects models using mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals.
MAIN RESULTS
Five RCTs were identified and included reporting data on 239 patients in total. On a patient, rather than per implant basis, the meta-analyses showed no statistically significant differences for prosthesis and implant failures, though trends, especially in fully edentulous patients, favoured 2-stage (submerged) implants.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The number of patients included in the trials was too small to draw definitive conclusions. The 1-stage approach might be preferable in partially edentulous patients since it avoids one surgical intervention and shortens treatment times, while a 2-stage submerged approach could be indicated when an implant has not obtained an optimal primary stability or when barriers are used for guided tissue regeneration, or when it is expected that removable temporary prostheses could transmit excessive forces on the penetrating abutments especially in fully edentulous patients.
Topics: Dental Implantation; Dental Implants; Gingiva; Humans; Jaw, Edentulous; Mandible; Mouth Mucosa; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 29791009
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006698.pub3 -
Stomatologija 2021Oral lesions has been reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are gaps about the occurrence. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical...
BACKGROUND
Oral lesions has been reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are gaps about the occurrence. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of oral lesions in patients with COVID-19.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed, Lilacs, Cochrane and Google Scholar) with the search terms: "coronavírus", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "novel coronavírus", "2019nCoV", "oral manifestation", "mucosal lesions", "oral lesions", "mucosa viral lesions" and "oral conditions". Articles were limited to those published between january and july 2020, and in English.
RESULTS
Initially, 182 articles were found, after reading the titles and abstracts a total of 24 records were included for full-text reading. Finally, 22 articles were included for data extraction and assessement. We identified and subsequently discussed clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
The etiology of many oral mucosal lesions is intimately related to infectious, immunological, and psychosocial factors. Therefore, amid the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in which many doubts about the disease still remain, caution is needed when evaluating patients and establishing correlations with other diseases that could be associated.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Oral Ulcer; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34528901
DOI: No ID Found -
Oral Diseases Nov 2022Chronic trauma of oral mucosa, resulting from repeated and persistent mechanical irritative action of an intraoral injury agent, has repeatedly been reported to be... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Chronic trauma of oral mucosa, resulting from repeated and persistent mechanical irritative action of an intraoral injury agent, has repeatedly been reported to be possibly implicated in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
OBJECTIVES
The present systematic review aimed to assess whether chronic mechanical trauma can be considered a risk factor for OSCC.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Scopus; EMBASE, Web of Science.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Cohort studies comparing OSCC incidence among subjects with/without chronic mechanical trauma or case-control or cross-sectional studies comparing chronic mechanical trauma among subjects with/without OSCC.
RESULTS
Only one prospective case-control study fulfilled the inclusion criteria, but the quality of the evidence provided is not enough to define trauma as a risk factor for OSCC. The main limitation is the presence of only one case-control study at high risk of bias. In the absence of strong evidence supporting the role of trauma in OSCC, a thorough discussion on trauma and carcinogenesis has been performed.
CONCLUSIONS
Available evidence does not support an active role for chronic trauma in oral carcinogenesis, neither as promoter nor as progressor factor. Prospective cohort studies able to better assess trauma in OSCC are needed.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34637589
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14049 -
Gels (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2019Chlorhexidine compounds and their different formulations have been investigated several times, especially in the dentistry field. Chlorhexidine application for mouth... (Review)
Review
Chlorhexidine compounds and their different formulations have been investigated several times, especially in the dentistry field. Chlorhexidine application for mouth rinsing immediately underwent oral contraindications, linked to the possibility of causing pigmentation to the teeth or relating to possible cytotoxic events after oral surgery. The positive effects, however, are considerable and its topical antiseptic action has been widely demonstrated by in vitro and clinical research. That's the reason for its large application in different fields of dentistry. The aim of this study is to collect all the literature regarding the use of chlorhexidine gel in dentistry and all the numerous applications. The initial search on search engines obtained 232 results; then, following the application of the inclusion criteria there were 24 selected articles. The chlorhexidine gel appliance in the dental daily practice is direct to oral surgery, conservative endodontics, prevention and prophylaxis. The use of chlorhexidine has shown some positive effects, also in the case of systemic diseases prevention. Surely, this topical medicine used both professionally and prescribed for home use, can be considered a great help for the prevention of several oral pathologies with systemic implications too.
PubMed: 31212600
DOI: 10.3390/gels5020031 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2022Before the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination fixed orthodontic devices, such as brackets and wires, cause challenges not only for the orthodontist but also...
BACKGROUND
Before the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination fixed orthodontic devices, such as brackets and wires, cause challenges not only for the orthodontist but also for the radiologist. Essentially, the MRI-safe scan of the fixed orthodontic tools requires a proper guideline in clinical practice. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine all aspects of MRI-safe scan, including artifact, thermal, and debonding effects, to identify any existing gaps in knowledge in this regard and develop an evidence-based protocol.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was used in this study. The clinical question in "PIO" format was: "Does MRI examination influence the temperature of the orthodontic devices, the size of artifacts, and the debonding force in patients who have fixed orthodontic bracket and/or wire?" The search process was carried out in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The search resulted in 1310 articles. After selection according to the eligibility criteria, 18 studies were analyzed by two reviewers. The risk of bias was determined using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool.
RESULTS
Out of the eligible 18 studies, 10 articles examined the heating effect, 6 were about the debonding effect, and 11 measured the size of artifact regarding brackets and wires. Considering the quality assessment, the overall levels of evidence were high and medium. The published studies showed that heating and debonding effects during MRI exposure were not hazardous for patients. As some wires revealed higher temperature changes, it is suggested to remove the wire or insert a spacer between the appliances and the oral mucosa. Based on the material, ceramic and plastic brackets caused no relevant artifact and were MRI-safe. Stainless steel brackets and wires resulted in susceptibility artifacts in the orofacial region and could cause distortion in the frontal lobe, orbits, and pituitary gland. The retainer wires showed no relevant artifact.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the thermal and debonding effects of the fixed orthodontic brackets and wires were irrelevant or resoluble; however, the size of the artifacts was clinically relevant and determined most significantly the feasibility of fixed brackets and wires in MRI examination.
Topics: Artifacts; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Stainless Steel
PubMed: 35854295
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02317-9 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Apr 2021Mucins are a family of glycosylated proteins which are the primary constituents of mucus and play a dynamic role in the regulation of the protective mucosal barriers... (Review)
Review
Mucins are a family of glycosylated proteins which are the primary constituents of mucus and play a dynamic role in the regulation of the protective mucosal barriers throughout the human body. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) characterised by continuous inflammation of the inner layer of the large intestine, and in this systematic review we analyse currently available data to determine whether alterations exist in mucin activity in the colonic mucosa of UC patients. Database searches were conducted to identify studies published between 1990 and 2020 that assess the role of mucins in cohorts of UC patients, where biopsy specimens were resected for analysis and control groups were included for comparison. 5497 articles were initially identified and of these 14 studies were systematically selected for analysis, a further 2 articles were identified through citation chaining. Therefore, 16 studies were critically reviewed. 13 of these studies assessed the role of MUC2 in UC and the majority of articles indicated that alterations in MUC2 structure or synthesis had an impact on the colonic mucosa, although conflicting results were presented regarding MUC2 expression. This review highlights the importance of further research to enhance our understanding of mucin regulation in UC and summarises data that may inform future studies.
PubMed: 33946184
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091935 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Mar 2024Modern penitentiary systems attach great importance, at least in the area of formal and codified arrangements, to providing inmates with access to health care and... (Review)
Review
Modern penitentiary systems attach great importance, at least in the area of formal and codified arrangements, to providing inmates with access to health care and rehabilitation. The aim of our study was to analyze the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS medical databases in order to search for and evaluate the available literature discussing the oral status and dental treatment needs of adult male prisoners. The following terms were used: prisoners or inmates; oral health, oral status; periodontal status, periodontal disease; oral hygiene; caries; mucosa; and saliva. The studies were screened based on their title and abstract according to the PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcome) criteria. The research protocol was prepared on the basis of the 2020 PRISMA guidelines and was not registered. The available literature discussing the oral status and dental treatment needs of adult imprisoned patients was analyzed. The inclusion criteria were as follows: articles published in English between 1 January 2012 and 2022; articles discussing the oral cavity status of adult inmates over 18 years old (hard tissues, periodontal status, saliva, mucosa condition, or oral hygiene); articles with a full text available; and articles that were assessed as satisfactory according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. : A total of 934 articles were identified, out of which 9 were included in the systematic review. Two articles discussed the oral condition of prisoners in Europe (Russia and Finland), four examined prisoners in Asia (three in India and one in Saudi Arabia), two examined prisoners in Africa (Nigeria), and one examined prisoners in the Americas (Brazil). The oral status of prisoners has been widely discussed in the available literature. Among inmates, a higher frequency of both caries and periodontal disease along with poorer oral hygiene were observed. It can be concluded that inmates should have access to specialized treatment from periodontists and endodontists.
PubMed: 38541961
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13061736