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International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021Hypoxia is evident in several bone diseases which are characterized by excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells. The effects of hypoxia on...
Hypoxia is evident in several bone diseases which are characterized by excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells. The effects of hypoxia on osteoclast formation and activities are widely studied but remain inconclusive. This systematic review discusses the studies reporting the effect of hypoxia on osteoclast differentiation and activity. A literature search for relevant studies was conducted through SCOPUS and PUBMED MEDLINE search engines. The inclusion criteria were original research articles presenting data demonstrating the effect of hypoxia or low oxygen on osteoclast formation and activity. A total of 286 studies were identified from the search, whereby 20 studies were included in this review, consisting of four in vivo studies and 16 in vitro studies. In total, 12 out of 14 studies reporting the effect of hypoxia on osteoclast activity indicated higher bone resorption under hypoxic conditions, 14 studies reported that hypoxia resulted in more osteoclasts, one study found that the number remained unchanged, and five studies indicated that the number decreased. In summary, examination of the relevant literature suggests differences in findings between studies, hence the impact of hypoxia on osteoclasts remains debatable, even though there is more evidence to suggest it promotes osteoclast differentiation and activity.
Topics: Animals; Bone Resorption; Humans; Hypoxia; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 34576310
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810146 -
PeerJ 2022Titanium dioxide dental implants have a controversial effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS is necessary for cellular signal transmission and proper... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Titanium dioxide dental implants have a controversial effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS is necessary for cellular signal transmission and proper metabolism, but also has the ability to cause cell death as well as DNA, RNA, and proteins damage by excessive oxidative stress. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of titanium dioxide dental implant-induced oxidative stress and its role on the osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in bone remodeling.
METHODS
This systematic review was performed conforming to preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) model. Four different databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Medline databases) as well as manual searching were adopted. Relevant studies from January 2000 till September 2021 were retrieved. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to assess the quality of the selected studies.
RESULTS
Out of 755 articles, only 14 which met the eligibility criteria were included. Six studies found that titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) reduced oxidative stress and promoted osteoblastic activity through its effect on Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) signaling pathways. On the other hand, three studies confirmed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) induce oxidative stress, reduce ostegenesis and impair antioxidant defense system as a significant negative correlation was found between decreased SIR3 protein level and increased superoxide (O ). Moreover, five studies proved that titanium implant alloy enhances the generation of ROS and induces cytotoxicity of osteoblast cells via its effect on NOX pathway.
CONCLUSION
TiONPs stimulate a wide array of oxidative stress related pathways. Scientific evidence are in favor to support the use of TiO nanotube-coated titanium implants to reduce oxidative stress and promote osteogenesis in bone remodeling. To validate the cellular and molecular cross talk in bone remodeling of the present review, well-controlled clinical trials with a large sample size are required.
Topics: Reactive Oxygen Species; Titanium; Dental Implants; Oxidative Stress; Bone Remodeling
PubMed: 35261818
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12951 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Translation Sep 2020To achieve optimal bone formation one of the most influential parameters has been mentioned to be adequate blood supply. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
To achieve optimal bone formation one of the most influential parameters has been mentioned to be adequate blood supply. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is hereby of particular interest in bone regeneration, because of its primary ability to induce neovascularization and chemokine affection for endothelial cells (EC), and is considered to be the main regulator of vascular formation. However, the growth factor has yet to be implemented in a clinical setting in orthopaedic intervention surgery. We hypothesised that the development of VEGF in vivo for bone formation in the last decade had progressed towards clinical application since the latest systematic review from 2008.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review recapped the last 13 years of in vivo bone regeneration using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
METHOD
A total of 1374 articles were identified using the PubMed search string . By 3 selection phases 24 published articles were included by the criteria of being in vivo, using only VEGF for bone formation, published after 2007 and written in English. Articles in vitro, written in different languages than English and older than 2007 was excluded. The most recent systematic review on this subject was published in 2008, with the latest included study from 01 to 11-2007. All included studies were classified based on animal, type of defect, scaffold, control group, type of VEGF, release rate, dosage of VEGF, time of evaluation and results. Each study was evaluated for risk of bias by modified CAMARADES quality assessment for the use in experimental animal studies. The score was calculated by peer review journal publication, use of control group, randomisation of groups, justified VEGF dosage, blinding of results, details on animal model, sample size calculation, comply with ethics and no conflict of interest.
RESULTS
No clinical trials or human application studies were obtained from our search. Experimentally, 11 articles using solely VEGF for bone formation had a group or a timepoint significantly better than the corresponding control group. 18 articles revealed no significant difference of VEGF compared to the control group and 1 article reported a significant decreased bone growth using VEGF compared to control.
CONCLUSION
Based on these results no clinical studies have yet been performed. However, indications in the best use of VEGF from experimental studies could be made towards that the optimal release is within the first three weeks, in defect models, with the best effect before eight weeks. Future designs should incorporate this with standardised and reproducible models for verification towards clinical practice.
THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE
This systematic review aims to assess the existing literature to focus on methodologies and outcomes that can provide future knowledge regarding the solitary use of VEGF for bone regeneration in a clinical setting.
PubMed: 32642428
DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.05.005 -
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... Dec 2023Vertical bone augmentation procedures are increasingly necessary in daily practice. However, it has been reported that vertical ridge augmentation is one of the least...
Vertical bone augmentation procedures are increasingly necessary in daily practice. However, it has been reported that vertical ridge augmentation is one of the least predictable techniques in terms of complications. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare complications in relation to the different procedures used for vertical bone augmentation prior to implant placement. This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was carried out in four databases: The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed); Web of Science; SCOPUS; and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias, and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool were used to assess the quality of evidence in the studies reviewed. Twenty-five studies with a total of 749 vertically augmented sites were included in the review. Complication rates varied among the different procedures: 51.02% for distraction osteogenesis, 38.01% for bone blocks, and 16.80% for guided bone regeneration. Vertical bone augmentation procedures prior to implant placement are associated with frequent surgical complications and should be approached with caution due to their possible impact on clinical treatment success.
Topics: United States; Humans; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Bone Regeneration; Bone Transplantation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37499904
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101574 -
The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and... Apr 2021In tissue engineering, biomaterials create a 3D scaffold for cell-to-cell adhesion, proliferation and tissue formation. Because of their similarity to extracellular...
OBJECTIVE
In tissue engineering, biomaterials create a 3D scaffold for cell-to-cell adhesion, proliferation and tissue formation. Because of their similarity to extracellular matrix and architectural adaptability, nanofibers are of particular interest in tissue engineering. Electrospinning is a well-documented technique for nanofiber production for tissue engineering scaffolds. Here we present literature on the applications of electrospinning in the field of otolaryngology.
REVIEW METHODS
A PubMed database search was performed to isolate articles published about applications of electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering in otolaryngology. Study design, size, material tested, site of application within the head and neck, and outcomes were obtained for each study.
RESULTS
Almost all data on electrospinning in otolaryngology was published in the last 6 years (84%), highlighting its novelty. A total of 25 pre-clinical studies were identified: 9 in vitro studies, 5 in vivo animal studies, and 11 combination studies. Sites of application included: tracheal reconstruction (n = 16), tympanic membrane repair (n = 3), cranial nerve regeneration (n = 3), mastoid osteogenesis (n = 1) and ear/nose chondrogenesis (n = 2).
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Tissue engineering is a burgeoning field, with recent innovative applications in the field of otolaryngology. Electrospun nanofibers specifically have relevant applications in the field of otolaryngology, due in part to their similarity to native extracellular matrix, with emerging areas of interest being tympanic membrane repair, cranial nerve regeneration and tracheal reconstruction.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Electrochemical Techniques; Humans; Materials Testing; Nanofibers; Otolaryngology; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 32975429
DOI: 10.1177/0003489420959692 -
Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research 2018The objective of the present systematic review was to assess the transverse skeletal and dental arch expansion and relapse after mandibular midline distraction... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the present systematic review was to assess the transverse skeletal and dental arch expansion and relapse after mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis with a bone-borne, tooth-borne or hybrid distraction appliance.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane library search in combination with a hand-search of relevant journals was conducted. Human studies published in English until the 3 of July, 2018 were included.
RESULTS
Two comparative and seven non-comparative studies characterized by high risk of bias fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Transverse mandibular widening was achieved with the different types of distraction appliance displaying a horizontal V-shaped opening with larger anterior transverse expansion declining progressively towards the posterior part of the mandible. Bone-borne and hybrid appliance facilitate more skeletal expansion compared with tooth-borne appliance, whereas comparable dental arch expansion was achieved with the different types of distraction appliance. Skeletal and dental arch relapse with the different type of appliance was limited and comparable. However, frequency of complications was higher with bone-borne appliance compared with tooth-borne or hybrid appliance.
CONCLUSIONS
Mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis with bone-borne, tooth-borne or hybrid distraction appliance is an effective treatment modality to correct severe transverse mandibular discrepancies, although the skeletal and dental arch expansion pattern was dissimilar with the different types of appliance. However, dissimilar evaluation methods, different outcome measures, various methodological confounding factors posed serious restrictions reviewing the literature in a quantitative systematic manner. Hence, well-designed long-term randomized controlled trials applying three-dimensional technology, patient-related outcome measures and an economic perspective are needed before definite conclusions can be provided.
PubMed: 30429961
DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2018.9301 -
Cureus Mar 2023This systematic review summarises the findings in the literature available to show outcomes of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with bone grafting in smokers. It also... (Review)
Review
This systematic review summarises the findings in the literature available to show outcomes of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with bone grafting in smokers. It also studies the trend of complications, outcome measures used and overall outcomes like union, non-union or the need to perform revision surgeries. The aim is to find out if HTO done with bone grafting improves outcomes in smokers. Articles were shortlisted using Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes (PICO) search design and quality assessment was completed using Jadad, STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology), Delphi, and Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) followed by data extraction by two independent authors. There was union in 97.6% of smokers who received HTO with bone grafting. A case of non-union was treated with removal of metalwork and distraction osteogenesis. Three cases of unknown demographics had arthroplasty in the time frame from HTO with bone grafting to follow up. The commonest complication post surgery was metalwork causing soft tissue irritation and lateral proximal tibial cortex fracture. Following this review we can conclude that HTO with bone grafting could be considered as an option to achieve better outcomes in smokers. Bone grafting helps healing across osteotomy sites in smokers whose healing potential is poor. Autogenous Iliac crest bone grafting is ideal due to its osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, but has the disadvantage of donor site morbidity.
PubMed: 37123765
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36758 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2021Orthodontic tooth movement is based on the remodeling of tooth-surrounding tissues in response to mechanical stimuli. During this process, human periodontal ligament...
Orthodontic tooth movement is based on the remodeling of tooth-surrounding tissues in response to mechanical stimuli. During this process, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) play a central role in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Various models have been introduced to investigate the effect of tension on hPDLCs. They provide a valuable body of knowledge on how tension influences relevant genes, proteins, and metabolites. However, no systematic review summarizing these findings has been conducted so far. Aim of this systematic review was to identify all related studies reporting tension application on hPDLCs and summarize their findings regarding force parameters, including magnitude, frequency and duration. Expression data of genes, proteins, and metabolites was extracted and summarized. Studies' risk of bias was assessed using tailored risk of bias tools. Signaling pathways were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using STRING and GeneAnalytics. According to our results, Flexcell Strain Unit and other silicone-plate or elastic membrane-based apparatuses were mainly adopted. Frequencies of 0.1 and 0.5 Hz were predominantly applied for dynamic equibiaxial and uniaxial tension, respectively. Magnitudes of 10 and 12% were mostly employed for dynamic tension and 2.5% for static tension. The 10 most commonly investigated genes, proteins and metabolites identified, were mainly involved in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis or inflammation. Gene-set enrichment analysis and PPI networks gave deeper insight into the involved signaling pathways. This review represents a brief summary of the massive body of knowledge in this field, and will also provide suggestions for future researches on this topic.
PubMed: 34513810
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.695053 -
Stem Cells International 2018Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are emerging as a promising source for bone regeneration in the treatment of bone defects. Previous studies have... (Review)
Review
Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are emerging as a promising source for bone regeneration in the treatment of bone defects. Previous studies have reported the ability of WJ-MSCs to be induced into the osteogenic lineage. The purpose of this review was to systematically assess the potential of WJ-MSC differentiation into the osteogenic lineage. A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline via Ebscohost and Scopus, where relevant studies published between 1961 and 2018 were selected. The main inclusion criteria were that articles must be primary studies published in English evaluating osteogenic induction of WJ-MSCs. The literature search identified 92 related articles, but only 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. These include two animal studies, three articles containing both and assessments, and 13 articles on studies, all of which are discussed in this review. There were two types of osteogenic induction used in these studies, either chemical or physical. The studies demonstrate that WJ-MSCs are able to differentiate into osteogenic lineage and promote osteogenesis. In light of these observations, it is suggested that WJ-MSCs can be a potential source of stem cells for osteogenic induction, as an alternative to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
PubMed: 30534156
DOI: 10.1155/2018/2406462 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Oct 2014Injury to bone is a significant clinical challenge, due to its limited regenerative capacity. The current methods of repairing bone defect are surgical, highly invasive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
Injury to bone is a significant clinical challenge, due to its limited regenerative capacity. The current methods of repairing bone defect are surgical, highly invasive and not always successful. A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies involving large animals with bone defects were conducted to determine the treatment outcomes with stem cell therapies.
METHODS
A random effects meta-analysis of the available studies was conducted to assess the treatment outcomes including the rate of new bone formation and new bone mineral density (BMD). Stratified analyses were also conducted by separating studies based on each characteristic independently.
RESULTS
Pooled analysis of 20 preclinical studies showed a significant beneficial effect of stem cell therapy in increasing new bone formation (17.79%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.54, 25.03; P < 0.001) and BMD (276.94 mg cm(-2) , 95% CI, 62.71, 491.17; P < 0.001) for disease amelioration. Regarding new bone formation, a statistical improvement was similarly detected from randomized controlled trial groups (17.06%, 95% CI, 8.87, 25.24; P < 0.001) and cohort groups (17.43%, 95% CI, 10.79, 24.07; P < 0.001). Exploratory stratified analysis yielded significant predictors of new bone formation including cell number (<10(7) vs. ≥10(7) ; P = 0.048) and the route of cell delivery (combining with matrix scaffold showed more effect than direct cell injection, P = 0.041). The effect of stem cell therapy diminished after 12 weeks.
CONCLUSION
The study results suggest that stem cell therapy improves new bone formation and BMD in bone defect models. Future trials should focus on the transplantation of ≥10(7) stem cells, especially using slow release biodegradable scaffolds or repetitive cell injections.
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Models, Animal; Osteogenesis; Publication Bias; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 24645974
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12382