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Global Pediatric Health 2020. Pediatric obesity has become a significant public health concern. Pediatricians are the ideal group to help identify and treat this epidemic, but unfortunately, many... (Review)
Review
. Pediatric obesity has become a significant public health concern. Pediatricians are the ideal group to help identify and treat this epidemic, but unfortunately, many pediatricians are not trained to discuss obesity with patients and their families. Standardized training initiatives for pediatric residents on prevention and/or management of obesity are needed to equip emerging pediatricians to combat the obesity epidemic. . This systematic literature review aims to examine the effectiveness of childhood obesity prevention/counseling resident training interventions. . A comprehensive literature search was performed using preidentified search terms and limited to articles published prior to November 6, 2019. Articles were analyzed by 2 reviewers with a standardized evaluation tool. . A total of 698 articles were identified by the search. These were reduced to 111 articles after title review and 11 articles following abstract/full paper review. The 11 articles described 10 different obesity training interventions for residents. The articles varied in their size, length of training session, and study design. Despite these variations, all articles outlined positive outcomes, including an increase in physician confidence, positive changes in behavior, and/or improved electronic medical record documentation. . With the continued increase in pediatric obesity, there is a need for practical, easy-to-implement, standardized trainings for pediatric residents on obesity prevention and treatment. More investigation needs to be done to look at long-term results of current interventions as well as other outcomes such as whether physicians are correctly identifying patients who are overweight or obese and whether there is improvement in patient follow-up.
PubMed: 32637464
DOI: 10.1177/2333794X20928215 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Mar 2022The rates of pediatric obesity in the U.S. are highest among Hispanics. There is no existing meta-analysis of the effects of obesity interventions among Hispanic youth.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
The rates of pediatric obesity in the U.S. are highest among Hispanics. There is no existing meta-analysis of the effects of obesity interventions among Hispanic youth. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the effects of obesity prevention and treatment interventions on Hispanic youth's weight status and lifestyle behaviors.
METHODS
PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched between January 1, 2000 and October 30, 2020. Interventions with ≥50% Hispanic youth aged 0-18 years were included. Using a weighted inverse-variance procedure, fixed-effects and random-effects models were run for an overall effect size on the basis of the Q test statistic. Hedges' g was calculated for outcomes of interest between baseline and postintervention separately for studies with multiple versus single conditions. Continuous and categorical moderators were also examined.
RESULTS
A total of 1,103 articles were screened, of which 117 were included in the narrative synthesis and 105 in the meta-analysis (n=49,276 youth). The overall effects for RCT/quasi-experimental studies on BMI status (g= -0.15, SE=0.03, 95% CI= -0.20, -0.10), waist circumference (g= -0.15, SE=0.10, 95% CI= -0.35, -0.05), physical activity (g=0.12, SE=0.05, 95% CI=0.03, 0.22), fruit and vegetable intake (g=0.08, SE=0.02, 95% CI=0.03, 0.12), and sugar-sweetened beverage intake (g= -0.07, SE= 0.03, 95% CI= -0.13, -0.01) were small. Intervention effects varied by participant developmental stage, SES, study setting, and lifestyle behavior target.
DISCUSSION
Beyond developing more impactful interventions to address obesity among Hispanic youth, findings highlight the need for targeted policies and more easily disseminable interventions that can spread small effects across a population for maximal public health impact.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Exercise; Fruit; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Life Style; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 35190103
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.10.003 -
Nutrients Mar 2021Childhood is a window of opportunity for the prevention of the obesity pandemic. Since "the first 1000 days of life" is a period in which healthy eating habits must be...
Childhood is a window of opportunity for the prevention of the obesity pandemic. Since "the first 1000 days of life" is a period in which healthy eating habits must be acquired, it should be the target for preventive strategies. Baby-led weaning (BLW) is an emergent way of weaning that could influence children's health. The nutrition committees of the main pediatric societies affirm there is not enough evidence to support which is the best method of weaning. The aim was to determinate the influence of BLW on the infant's weight gain compared to the traditional spoon-feeding, and to assess if it could decrease the risk of obesity in children. A systematic review was conducted, following the PRISMA method. Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched. Out of 747 articles, eight studies (2875 total infants) were included (two randomized control trials, 6 observational studies). Results were indecisive, while some studies seem to demonstrate lower weight gain in infants that apply BLW, others show inconclusive results. The risk of bias in all included studies was moderate or high. In conclusion, more clinical trials and prospective studies should be done prior to providing a general recommendation about the best method of weaning to reduce the risk of obesity.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Databases, Factual; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Infant; Infant Behavior; Infant Food; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Status; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Weaning; Weight Gain
PubMed: 33800994
DOI: 10.3390/nu13031009 -
Nutrients Mar 2022Telomere length (TL) is a robust marker of biological aging, and increased telomere attrition is noted in adults with obesity. The primary objective of this systematic... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Telomere length (TL) is a robust marker of biological aging, and increased telomere attrition is noted in adults with obesity. The primary objective of this systematic review was to summarize current knowledge on the effects of childhood obesity in TL. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of weight management interventions in TL.
METHODS
The following databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Heal-link.gr from inception to September 2021. The search was performed using the following combinations of terms: "telomer*" [All Fields] AND ("length" [All Fields] OR "lengths" [All Fields]) AND "obes*" [All Fields] AND ("child*" [All Fields] OR "adolescen*" [All Fields]).
RESULTS
A total of 16 original articles were included in this systematic review. Eleven of them were cross-sectional and five were lifestyle interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
There was a tendency towards a negative association between childhood obesity and TL. Life-style interventions in children have been associated with increased TL peripherally, indicating a possible association of the redistribution of younger cells in the periphery with the favorable effect of these interventions. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes that employ other markers of cell aging would potentially elucidate this important mechanistic relation.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Prospective Studies; Telomere; Telomere Homeostasis
PubMed: 35334902
DOI: 10.3390/nu14061244 -
Current Obesity Reports Mar 2020To examine associations between video game play and obesity in children.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To examine associations between video game play and obesity in children.
RECENT FINDINGS
Based on a scoping review of 26 studies (25 cross-sectional; 1 longitudinal) published in 2013-2018, 14 studies (53%) reported no association between video game play and obesity, and 12 studies reported positive associations. In a review of 8 systematic reviews, there was preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of exergame (physically active) play for weight reduction and to attenuate weight gain but little indication that interventions effectively reduced video game play or general screen time. This review found ambiguous evidence on the extent to which video game play is or is not significantly associated with obesity in children and preliminary evidence of exergame play as a tool for weight reduction and attenuation of weight gain. Several gaps existed in understanding the relationship between video game play and obesity, and prospective and interventional trials are needed.
Topics: Child; Databases, Factual; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Television; Video Games; Weight Gain
PubMed: 32077041
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-020-00368-z -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jul 2023Severe dengue often leads to poor clinical outcomes and high mortality; as a result, it is of vital importance to find prognostic factors associated with the severe form... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Severe dengue often leads to poor clinical outcomes and high mortality; as a result, it is of vital importance to find prognostic factors associated with the severe form of dengue. Obesity is known to deteriorate many infectious diseases due to impaired immune responses. Several studies have suggested that obese patients with dengue infection tend to have more severe manifestations with poorer prognosis. However, a firm conclusion could not be drawn due to the varied results of these studies. Here, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between obesity and dengue severity.
METHODS
A literature search for relevant studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Ovid Medline and Cochrane from inception to September 9, 2022. The two main keywords were "dengue" and "obesity". Mantel-Haenszel method and random effects model was used to analyze the pooled odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
A total of 15 article involving a total of 6,508 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Included patients in most studies were hospitalized pediatric patients. Only one study included adulthood data. Three cohort studies, four case-control studies, and one cross-sectional studies found a significant association between obesity and dengue severity. In contrast, three cohort studies, three case-control studies, and one cross-sectional study reported no significant relationship between obesity and dengue severity. Our analysis results showed that patient with obesity is 50% (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.15-1.97) more likely to develop severe manifestation of dengue.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis revealed that overweight could be a clinical predictor for severe disease for pediatric patients with dengue infection.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Obesity; Severe Dengue; Odds Ratio; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 37525106
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08481-9 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Mar 2017Obesity and headache are two highly prevalent diseases both in adults and children and they are associated with a strong personal and social impact. Many studies suggest... (Review)
Review
Obesity and headache are two highly prevalent diseases both in adults and children and they are associated with a strong personal and social impact. Many studies suggest that obesity is comorbid with headache in general, and migraine in particular and obesity seems to be a risk factor for migraine progression and for migraine frequency both in adults and in children. Research shows that there are multiple areas of overlap between migraine pathophysiology and the central and peripheral pathways regulating feeding: inflammatory mediators such as the calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP), neurotransmitters such as serotonin, peptides such as orexin and adipocytokines such as adiponectin (ADP) and leptin could explain the common pathogenesis. In this paper we discussed the association between obesity and migraine through the analysis of the most recent studies in children and we reviewed data from literature in order to assess the association between obesity and headache and to clarify the possible common pathogenic mechanisms.
Topics: Child; Comorbidity; Global Health; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28270183
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0344-1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2021Overweight and obesity have become a major public health concern in recent decades, particularly in patients with chronic health conditions like congenital heart disease... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obesity have become a major public health concern in recent decades, particularly in patients with chronic health conditions like congenital heart disease (CHD). This systematic review elaborates on the prevalence and the longitudinal development of overweight and obesity in children and adults with CHD.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus from January 2010 to December 2020 on overweight and obesity prevalence in children and adults with CHD.
RESULTS
Of 30 included studies, 15 studies evaluated 5680 pediatric patients with CHD, 9 studies evaluated 6657 adults with CHD (ACHD) and 6 studies examined 9273 both pediatric patients and ACHD. Fifteen studies received the quality rating "good", nine studies "fair", and six studies "poor". In children with CHD, overweight prevalence was between 9.5-31.5%, and obesity prevalence was between 9.5-26%; in ACHD, overweight prevalence was between 22-53%, and obesity was between 7-26%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was thereby similar to the general population. Overweight and obesity have been shown to increase with age.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults with CHD is similar to the general population, demonstrating that the growing obesity pandemic is also affecting the CHD population.
Topics: Adult; Child; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence; Public Health
PubMed: 34574853
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189931 -
Obesity Facts 2022Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) appear to be at greater risk of excess weight gain. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) appear to be at greater risk of excess weight gain. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine whether children with ASD have a greater prevalence of obesity and whether the prevalence of ASD is higher in children with obesity.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, and PsychINFO until May 21, 2021. We used the meta package in the R in order to calculate the pooled prevalence and relative risk of obesity in children with ASD.
RESULTS
We found 20 eligible studies investigating the prevalence of obesity in children with ASD, with the prevalence ranging from 7.9 to 31.8% and from 1.4 to 23.6% among controls. All but three studies originated from the USA. The proportion of children with obesity in ASD populations was 17% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13-22). The relative risk of obesity in children with ASD compared with control children was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.34-1.86). There were no controlled studies reporting on the prevalence of ASD in children with obesity.
CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents with ASD have a higher prevalence of obesity than healthy controls. There is a need for further prevalence studies of obesity in children with ASD, especially outside the USA, since the few European studies carried out have failed to show a significant difference between obesity prevalence in children with and without ASD. There is no knowledge at all regarding the prevalence of ASD among children with obesity.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence; Research Design; Weight Gain
PubMed: 35263756
DOI: 10.1159/000523943 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Feb 2021The associations between built and food environments and childhood obesity have been studied extensively. However, the association between the natural environment and...
The associations between built and food environments and childhood obesity have been studied extensively. However, the association between the natural environment and childhood obesity has received too little scholarly attention. This study reviewed the literature published before 1 January 2019, which described associations between a full range of natural environmental factors (e.g., rainfall, temperature, sunlight, natural disasters, flood and drought) and weight-related behaviours and childhood obesity. Five cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study were identified. Measures of natural environmental factors varied across six included studies, falling into five broad categories: weather conditions, altitude, natural disaster risk, air quality and day length. It was found that temperature was a significant weather indicator in most included studies and was associated with a reduction of daily physical activity. Children living in high-altitude areas were more likely to be shorter and heavier than their counterparts in low-altitude areas. Findings of this study will contribute to helping multiple stakeholders, including policy makers and urban planners, and formulate health policies and interventions to mitigate the detrimental impact of the natural environment on childhood obesity. More longitudinal studies should be designed to confirm these effects and explore the potential health effects of more natural environmental factors.
Topics: Air Pollution; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 32869468
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13097