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Nutrients May 2023Lifestyle physical activity (PA) and nutrition are known to be effective interventions in preventing and managing obesity-related comorbidities among adult populations... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions for Childhood Obesity and Associated Comorbidities among Children from Minority Ethnic Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Lifestyle physical activity (PA) and nutrition are known to be effective interventions in preventing and managing obesity-related comorbidities among adult populations but less so among children and adolescents. We examined the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in children from minority ethnic populations in Western high-income countries (HICs). Our systematic review included 53 studies, involving 26,045 children from minority ethnic populations who followed lifestyle intervention programmes lasting between 8 weeks and 5 years with the aim of preventing and/or managing childhood obesity and associated comorbidities, including adiposity and cardiometabolic risks. The studies were heterogenous in terms of lifestyle intervention components (nutrition, PA, behavioural counselling) and settings (community vs. schools and after-school settings). Our meta-analysis included 31 eligible studies and showed no significant effects of lifestyle interventions when they focused on body mass index (BMI) outcomes (pooled BMI mean change = -0.09 (95% CI = -0.19, 0.01); = 0.09). This was irrespective of the intervention programme duration (<6 months vs. ≥6 months), type (PA vs. nutrition/combined intervention) and weight status (overweight or obese vs. normal weight) as all showed nonsignificant effects in the sensitivity analysis. Nonetheless, 19 of the 53 studies reported reductions in BMI, BMI z-score and body fat percentage. However, the majority of lifestyle interventions adopting a quasi-design with combined primary and secondary obesity measures (11 out of 15 studies) were effective in reducing the obesity comorbidities of cardiometabolic risks, including metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure, in overweight and obese children. Preventing childhood obesity in high-risk ethnic minority groups is best achieved using combined PA and nutrition intervention approaches, which jointly target preventing obesity and its comorbidities, especially the outcomes of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, public health stakeholders should integrate cultural and lifestyle factors and contextualise obesity prevention strategies among minority ethnic groups in Western HICs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Overweight; Ethnicity; Minority Groups; Life Style; Exercise
PubMed: 37299488
DOI: 10.3390/nu15112524 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022A growing body of research suggests disinhibited eating and weaker executive function (EF) are two risk factors for pediatric obesity. Emerging brain imaging and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A growing body of research suggests disinhibited eating and weaker executive function (EF) are two risk factors for pediatric obesity. Emerging brain imaging and behavioral findings support the notion that EF skills impact eating regulation. However, a major gap in the current literature is a synthesis of the association between various EF skills and disinhibited eating patterns across child development. To address this gap, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of EF skills on disinhibited eating behaviors among youth ages 3-18 years old. PubMed and PsychINFO databases were utilized and data from 15 studies with a total sample of 4909 youth were included. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a small negative effect of overall EF skills on disinhibited eating behavior, = -0.14, < 0.01. Analysis of individual EF skills found working memory had an overall medium negative effect on disinhibited eating behavior, = -0.25, < 0.05. Taken together, findings from this meta-analysis support an inverse relationship between EF abilities and disinhibited eating patterns in children and adolescents, such that poorer EF abilities are associated with higher levels of disinhibited eating. Given the effect on eating behavior, future research is needed to assess whether EF difficulties may be a barrier to effective weight management in youth. Specifically, research is needed to examine whether EF skills may be a key target to consider for effective obesity prevention and treatment in children and adolescents.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Executive Function; Pediatric Obesity; Feeding Behavior; Memory, Short-Term; Problem Behavior
PubMed: 36293963
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013384 -
Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil de... 2023Childhood obesity is a multifactorial disease. Most of these factors start to develop before birth and worsen throughout life. Therefore, prevention efforts should begin... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Childhood obesity is a multifactorial disease. Most of these factors start to develop before birth and worsen throughout life. Therefore, prevention efforts should begin in the first 1000 days of life. This study aimed to quantify published studies on risk factors according to the Six-Cs model of childhood obesity (cell, child, clan, culture, community, and country) and determine which of them have been related to anthropometric indicators of overweight or obesity in children under 2 years of age in Mexico.
METHODS
A systematic scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) was performed. PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases were reviewed.
RESULTS
We found that 88% of the studies were observational. The child and family spheres were the most studied, individually and as a whole. The least studied were community, culture, and country. The main risk factors related to obesity indicators were high birth weight, birth by cesarean section, and inadequate feeding practices, in addition to mothers with obesity and those who underestimate their child's weight, stressful parenting style, and food insecurity in the home, together with living in urban areas, family income, and beliefs about preference for ultra-processed products.
CONCLUSION
In Mexico, the study of obesity in early childhood is emerging at the research level. However, further efforts are required to close the knowledge gap at the socioecological level to design evidence-based interventions and reduce early obesity.
Topics: Child; Pregnancy; Child, Preschool; Infant; Humans; Female; Pediatric Obesity; Cesarean Section; Mexico; Overweight; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37703574
DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.23000058 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2021In the last decade, active video games (exergames) have been proposed in obesity prevention and treatment as a potential tool to increase physical activity. This review... (Review)
Review
In the last decade, active video games (exergames) have been proposed in obesity prevention and treatment as a potential tool to increase physical activity. This review was aimed to assess the possible role of exergames in reducing weight-related outcomes among overweight/obese children and/or adolescents. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus were interrogated to detect controlled studies involving healthy overweight/obese children and adolescents in interventions based exclusively on exergames. Out of a total of 648 articles found, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The included studies differ for duration, setting and type of intervention, frequency of active game sessions, and outcomes considered. Seven out of ten studies reported better outcomes in children/adolescents involved in the interventions, with significant differences between groups in four, while three studies found better outcomes in control groups. These results suggest a possible positive effect of active video games on weight-related outcomes in obese children and adolescents. However, further research is still needed to define if they can be effectively used in childhood obesity treatment and which may be the most effective approach. The potentiality of the new digital media in this field should be explored.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Weight; Child; Exercise; Humans; Internet; Pediatric Obesity; Video Games
PubMed: 34066369
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094938 -
Pediatrics Feb 2017Despite their important influence on child health, it is assumed that fathers are less likely than mothers to participate in pediatric obesity treatment and prevention... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Despite their important influence on child health, it is assumed that fathers are less likely than mothers to participate in pediatric obesity treatment and prevention research.
OBJECTIVE
This review investigated the involvement of fathers in obesity treatment and prevention programs targeting children and adolescents (0-18 years).
DATA SOURCES
A systematic review of English, peer-reviewed articles across 7 databases. Retrieved records included at least 1 search term from 2 groups: "participants" (eg, child*, parent*) and "outcomes": (eg, obes*, diet*).
STUDY SELECTION
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing behavioral interventions to prevent or treat obesity in pediatric samples were eligible. Parents must have "actively participated" in the study.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two authors independently extracted data using a predefined template.
RESULTS
The search retrieved 213 eligible RCTs. Of the RCTs that limited participation to 1 parent only (n = 80), fathers represented only 6% of parents. In RCTs in which participation was open to both parents (n = 133), 92% did not report objective data on father involvement. No study characteristics moderated the level of father involvement, with fathers underrepresented across all study types. Only 4 studies (2%) suggested that a lack of fathers was a possible limitation. Two studies (1%) reported explicit attempts to increase father involvement.
LIMITATIONS
The review was limited to RCTs published in English peer-reviewed journals over a 10-year period.
CONCLUSIONS
Existing pediatric obesity treatment or prevention programs with parent involvement have not engaged fathers. Innovative strategies are needed to make participation more accessible and engaging for fathers.
Topics: Adolescent; Behavior Therapy; Child; Child, Preschool; Father-Child Relations; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mother-Child Relations; Parenting; Pediatric Obesity; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Single-Parent Family
PubMed: 28130430
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2635 -
Current Obesity Reports Sep 2017The purposes of this study were to review the evidence on longitudinal associations between child and adolescent obesity and academic achievement and to provide... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to review the evidence on longitudinal associations between child and adolescent obesity and academic achievement and to provide perceptions of adolescents with obesity and their parents on this topic.
RECENT FINDINGS
Synthesis of 31 studies (from 17 cohorts) suggested that relationships between obesity and academic achievement are not well established, except for adolescent girls' maths attainment, potentially mediated by both weight-related bullying and executive cognitive functions. Focus groups with adolescent girls with obesity confirmed experiences of psychosocial distress at school particularly during Physical Education. Adolescents perceived that obesity was not related to academic achievement directly, but by their attitude to school. Interventions are warranted to promote psychosocial wellbeing and cognitive abilities linked to academic achievement in adolescent girls with obesity. Physical Education should be a positive experience for children and adolescents with obesity.
Topics: Academic Success; Adolescent; Child; Focus Groups; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 28695352
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-017-0272-9 -
Nutrients Feb 2023A healthy diet is essential to prevent childhood obesity, however, adherence to a healthy diet is challenging. The aim of this study was to give a comprehensive overview... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
A healthy diet is essential to prevent childhood obesity, however, adherence to a healthy diet is challenging. The aim of this study was to give a comprehensive overview of the literature investigaating associations between food and beverages and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in order to identify dietary risk factors. A systematic search was performed in four databases and observational studies were included. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model. Sixty records met inclusion criteria and 14 different food or beverage categories were identified. A higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages increased the odds of overweight/obesity by 1.20 ( < 0.05) ( = 26) and higher intake of fast food increased the odds of overweight/obesity by 1.17 ( < 0.05) ( = 24). Furthermore, higher intake of meat (OR 1.02, < 0.05 (:7)) and refined grains (OR 1.28, < 0.05 (:3)) was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. In contrast, higher intake of whole grain (OR 0.86, = 0.04 (:5)) and more surprisingly sweet bakery (OR 0.59, < 0.05 (:3)) was associated with a decreased risk of overweight/obesity. In conclusion, a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and a higher intake of fast food was identified as the primary dietary risk factors for overweight/obesity. Future research is needed to strengthen the generalizability of these results.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Beverages; Diet; Fast Foods
PubMed: 36771470
DOI: 10.3390/nu15030764 -
Journal of Health, Population, and... Jan 2023The role of screen time in promoting obesity among children has been reported in previous studies. However, the effects of different screen types and the dose-response... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The role of screen time in promoting obesity among children has been reported in previous studies. However, the effects of different screen types and the dose-response association between screen time and obesity among children is not summarized yet. In the current meta-analysis we systematically summarized the association between obesity and screen time of different screen types in a dose-response analysis.
METHODS
A systematic search from Scopus, PubMed and Embase electronic databases was performed. Studies that evaluated the association between screen time and obesity up to September 2021 were retrieved. We included 45 individual studies that were drawn from nine qualified studies into meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The results of the two-class meta-analysis showed that those at the highest category of screen time were 1.2 times more likely to develop obesity [odds ratio (OR) = 1.21; confidence interval (CI) = 1.113, 1.317; I = 60.4%; P < 0.001). The results of subgrouping identified that setting, obesity status and age group were possible heterogeneity sources. No evidence of non-linear association between increased screen time and obesity risk among children was observed (P-nonlinearity = 0.310).
CONCLUSION
In the current systematic review and meta-analysis we revealed a positive association between screen time and obesity among children without any evidence of non-linear association. Due to the cross-sectional design of included studies, we suggest further studies with longitudinal or interventional design to better elucidate the observed associations.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Screen Time; Cross-Sectional Studies; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 36691087
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00344-4 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Feb 2021Street connectivity, as a neighbourhood built environmental factor, may affect individual physical activity (PA) and subsequently weight status. However, these... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Street connectivity, as a neighbourhood built environmental factor, may affect individual physical activity (PA) and subsequently weight status. However, these associations remain inconclusive. This study aimed to systematically review the association between street connectivity and childhood obesity. A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles published before January 1, 2019. All original studies that investigated the association between street connectivity and weight-related behaviours or outcomes among children and adolescents were included. Forty-seven articles were identified, including eight longitudinal and 41 cross-sectional studies conducted in eight countries. The sample size ranged from 88 to 46 813. Street intersection density (SID), measured by Geographic Information Systems in 36 studies and reported in 13 studies, was the main indicator used to represent street connectivity. Forty-four studies examined the association between SID and weight-related behaviours, including overall PA (n = 15), moderate-to-vigorous PA (n = 13), active transport (n = 12), dog walking (n = 1), walking (n = 1), sedentary behaviours (n = 2), and TV viewing (n = 1). Fifteen studies focused on the association between SID and weight-related outcomes. Overall, evidence from this systematic review and meta-analyses suggested a positive association between street connectivity and PA. However, it was difficult to draw a conclusion on the association between street connectivity and BMI. More longitudinal evidence is needed to confirm the causal association between street connectivity and weight status.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environment Design; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Residence Characteristics; Walking
PubMed: 31507068
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12943 -
PloS One 2017Numerous school-based interventions for childhood obesity have been emerging in mainland China in recent decades, but little is known about the effectiveness of such... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Numerous school-based interventions for childhood obesity have been emerging in mainland China in recent decades, but little is known about the effectiveness of such interventions. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of school-based interventions for childhood obesity conducted in mainland China.
METHODS
A systematic search was undertaken in eight databases to identify both randomized and non-randomized controlled trials from January 1990 to December 2015 examining the effectiveness of school-based obesity interventions. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted assessing the impact of included interventions on (body mass index) BMI. The quality of each included studies were assessed using Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. A P value <0.05 (two-sided) was considered statistically significant.
RESULT
Of the seventy-six included studies, we found physical activity and health education were the two most common components of interventions. More treatment studies were effective compared with prevention studies (85.0% vs. 58.3%). Comprehensive interventions involving physical activity and health education appeared more effective than the physical activity only interventions in both obesity treatment and prevention studies. The meta-analyses showed comprehensive interventions involving physical activity and health education had larger effect on the change of BMI than physical activity only interventions (treatment studies: -1.80 kg/m2 (95% CI: -2.15,-1.44) vs. -0.91 kg/m2 (95% CI: -1.15,-0.67); prevention studies: -0.19 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.27, -0.11) vs. +0.05 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.04, +0.15)).
CONCLUSIONS
Comprehensive school-based interventions may assist in tackling the rising prevalence of childhood obesity in mainland China.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; China; Clinical Trials as Topic; Exercise; Female; Health Education; Humans; Male; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Program Evaluation; Schools
PubMed: 28910362
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184704