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Medicine Jan 2016Inflammation is increasingly reported to be associated with the prognosis of patients with cancers. And the prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Inflammation is increasingly reported to be associated with the prognosis of patients with cancers. And the prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) remains inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to obtain a more reliable assessment of prognostic significance of NLR in PCa.A comprehensive literature research regarding the association of NLR and prognosis of PCa was performed through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science. The hazard ratios (HRs) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, or recurrence-free survival were extracted and pooled using fix-effects model or random-effects model.A total of 14 studies that met our criterion were included in this meta-analysis. Our pooled results demonstrated that elevated NLR was not significantly associated with the poor OS (HR = 1.45; 95% CI 0.77-2.71; P = 0.248) or recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.34; 95% CI 0.89-2.02; P = 0.155) of patients with localized PCa. Although elevated NLR predicted poorer OS (HR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.41-1.74; P < 0.001) and progression-free survival (HR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.28-3.04; P = 0.002) of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).Elevated NLR is a strong indicator of poorer prognosis of patients with mCRPC, whereas the NLR is not significantly associated with prognosis of patients with localized PCa. Therefore, NLR could be used in patients with mCRPC for risk stratification and decision making of individual treatment.
Topics: Humans; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocyte Count; Male; Neutrophils; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 26817900
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002544 -
Stroke Jun 2016Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) offer the promise of augmenting poststroke recovery. There is mounting evidence of safety and efficacy of BMMNCs from... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) offer the promise of augmenting poststroke recovery. There is mounting evidence of safety and efficacy of BMMNCs from preclinical studies of ischemic stroke; however, their pooled effects have not been described.
METHODS
Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of preclinical literature for intravenous use of BMMNCs followed by meta-analyses of histological and behavioral outcomes. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria. Data were abstracted by 2 independent investigators. After quality assessment, the pooled effects were generated using mixed-effect models. Impact of possible biases on estimated effect size was evaluated.
RESULTS
Standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval for reduction in lesion volume was significantly beneficial for BMMNC treatment (standardized mean difference: -3.3; 95% confidence interval, -4.3 to -2.3). n=113 each for BMMNC and controls. BMMNC-treated animals (n=161) also had improved function measured by cylinder test (standardized mean difference: -2.4; 95% confidence interval, -3.1 to -1.6), as compared with controls (n=205). A trend for benefit was observed for adhesive removal test and neurological deficit score. Study quality score (median: 6; Q1-Q3: 5-7) was correlated with year of publication. There was funnel plot asymmetry; however, the pooled effects were robust to the correction of this bias and remained significant in favor of BMMNC treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
BMMNCs demonstrate beneficial effects across histological and behavioral outcomes in animal ischemic stroke models. Although study quality has improved over time, considerable degree of heterogeneity calls for standardization in the conduct and reporting of experimentation.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Monocytes; Stroke
PubMed: 27165959
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.012701 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Emerging evidence suggests a correlation between the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and the prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC) undergoing immune checkpoint... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence suggests a correlation between the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and the prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC) undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Nevertheless, the existing findings remain contentious.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of literature was conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, spanning from the inception of each database to August 30, 2023 to collect studies exploring the interplay between LMR and clinical outcomes. Eligible studies were selected following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes encompassed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), which were estimated using hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
Our analysis incorporated eight cohort studies, involving 815 patients. Aggregate data revealed associations between an elevated LMR at baseline and prolonged PFS (HR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.47-0.71, p<0.00001) and improved OS (HR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.79; p=0.003). Furthermore, LMR exhibited a favorable association with PFS after treatment (HR=0.48; 95% CI: 0.29-0.79; p= 0.004), while such a correlation was not evident in the OS analysis. Importantly, a high level of LMR was associated with prolonged PFS across varying sample sizes, follow-up duration, treatment combinations, line of therapy, and cut-off values.
CONCLUSION
A high pre-treatment LMR is associated with improved OS and PFS in GC patients treated with ICIs. LMR emerges as a potent biomarker for prognostic assessment in these patients, offering valuable insights for informed treatment decisions within the domain of GC immunotherapy.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021228512.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Monocytes; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Stomach Neoplasms; Lymphocytes
PubMed: 38090560
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321584 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021The ocular surface is a gateway that contacts the outside and receives stimulation from the outside. The corneal innate immune system is composed of many types of cells,...
The ocular surface is a gateway that contacts the outside and receives stimulation from the outside. The corneal innate immune system is composed of many types of cells, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, mucin, and lysozyme. Neutrophil infiltration and degranulation occur on the ocular surface. Degranulation, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, called NETosis, and autophagy in neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases. It is necessary to understand the role of neutrophils on the ocular surface. Furthermore, there is a need for research on therapeutic agents targeting neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap formation for ocular surface diseases.
Topics: Cell Degranulation; Cornea; Extracellular Traps; Eye Diseases; Humans; Neutrophil Infiltration; Neutrophils
PubMed: 34638724
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910386 -
International Angiology : a Journal of... Feb 2018Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been reported to predict prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been reported to predict prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, the prognostic value of NLR and PLR remained inconsistent between studies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the prognostic role of NLR and PLR in acute PE.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
We systematically searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI for relative literature up to March 2017. The pooled statistics for all outcomes were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3.5 analysis software and Stata software.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Totally 7 eligible studies consisting of 2323 patients were enrolled in our meta-analysis. Elevated NLR was significantly associated with overall (short-term and long-term) mortality (OR 10.13, 95% CI 6.57-15.64, P<0.001) and short-term (in-hospital and 30 days) mortality (OR 8.43, 95% CI 5.23-13.61, P<0.001). And elevated PLR was significantly associated with overall mortality (OR 6.32, 95% CI 4.52-8.84, P<0.001), short-term mortality (OR 6.69, 95% CI 2.86-15.66, P<0.001) and long-term mortality (OR 6.11, 95% CI 3.90-9.55, P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis revealed that NLR and PLR are promising biomarkers in predicting prognosis in acute PE patients. We suggest NLR and PLR be used routinely in the PE prognostic assessment.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Platelets; Humans; Lymphocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Platelet Count; Prognosis; Pulmonary Embolism
PubMed: 28541022
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-9590.17.03848-2 -
Biomolecules Nov 2023Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a recently discovered polymorphonuclear leukocyte-associated ancient defence mechanism, and they have also been... (Review)
Review
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a recently discovered polymorphonuclear leukocyte-associated ancient defence mechanism, and they have also been identified as part of polytrauma patients' sterile inflammatory response. This systematic review aimed to determine the clinical significance of NETs in polytrauma, focusing on potential prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. The methodology covered all major databases and all study types, but was restricted to polytraumatised humans. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 1967 patients. Ten samples were taken from plasma and four from whole blood. There was no standardisation of methodology of NET detection among plasma studies; however, of all the papers that included a healthy control NET, proxies were increased. Polytrauma patients were consistently reported to have higher concentrations of NET markers in peripheral blood than those in healthy controls, but their diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic utility is equivocal due to the diverse study population and methodology. After 20 years since the discovery of NETs, their natural history and potential clinical utility in polytrauma is undetermined, requiring further standardisation and research.
Topics: Humans; Extracellular Traps; Prognosis; Neutrophils; Multiple Trauma
PubMed: 38002307
DOI: 10.3390/biom13111625 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Maresins are lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, capable of promoting tissue regeneration and... (Review)
Review
Maresins are lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, capable of promoting tissue regeneration and potentially serving as a therapeutic agent for chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate preclinical and clinical studies on maresin to inform translational research. Two independent reviewers performed comprehensive searches with the term "Maresin (NOT) Review" on PubMed. A total of 137 studies were included and categorized into 11 human organ systems. Data pertinent to clinical translation were specifically extracted, including delivery methods, optimal dose response, and specific functional efficacy. Maresins generally exhibit efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases, attenuating inflammation, protecting organs, and promoting tissue regeneration, mostly in rodent preclinical models. The nervous system has the highest number of original studies ( = 25), followed by the cardiovascular system, digestive system, and respiratory system, each having the second highest number of studies ( = 18) in the field. Most studies considered systemic delivery with an optimal dose response for mouse animal models ranging from 4 to 25 μg/kg or 2 to 200 ng via intraperitoneal or intravenous injection respectively, whereas human in vitro studies ranged between 1 and 10 nM. Although there has been no human interventional clinical trial yet, the levels of MaR1 in human tissue fluid can potentially serve as biomarkers, including salivary samples for predicting the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and periodontal diseases; plasma and synovial fluid levels of MaR1 can be associated with treatment response and defining pathotypes of rheumatoid arthritis. Maresins exhibit great potency in resolving disease inflammation and bridging tissue regeneration in preclinical models, and future translational development is warranted.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chronic Disease; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Inflammation; Macrophages
PubMed: 37446190
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311012 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a so far unknown etiology. Increasing evidence suggests that a state of systemic low-grade... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Activation of the Monocyte/Macrophage System and Abnormal Blood Levels of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a so far unknown etiology. Increasing evidence suggests that a state of systemic low-grade inflammation may be involved in the pathophysiology of this condition. However, studies investigating peripheral blood levels of immune cells, and/or of immune cell activation markers such as neopterin are lacking and have provided mixed findings. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, blood levels of lymphocyte subpopulations and of neopterin between individuals with ASD and typically developing (TD) controls (PROSPERO registration number: CRD CRD42019146472). Online searches covered publications from 1 January 1994 until 1 March 2022. Out of 1170 publication records identified, 25 studies were finally included. Random-effects meta-analyses were carried out, and sensitivity analyses were performed to control for potential moderators. Results: Individuals with ASD showed a significantly higher WBC count (k = 10, g = 0.29, p = 0.001, I2 = 34%), significantly higher levels of neutrophils (k = 6, g = 0.29, p = 0.005, I2 = 31%), monocytes (k = 11, g = 0.35, p < 0.001, I2 = 54%), NK cells (k = 7, g = 0.36, p = 0.037, I2 = 67%), Tc cells (k = 4, g = 0.73, p = 0.021, I2 = 82%), and a significantly lower Th/Tc cells ratio (k = 3, g = −0.42, p = 0.008, I2 = 0%), compared to TD controls. Subjects with ASD were also characterized by a significantly higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (k = 4, g = 0.69, p = 0.040, I2 = 90%), and significantly higher neopterin levels (k = 3, g = 1.16, p = 0.001, I2 = 97%) compared to TD controls. No significant differences were found with respect to the levels of lymphocytes, B cells, Th cells, Treg cells, and Th17 cells. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the findings for monocyte and neutrophil levels were robust, and independent of other factors, such as medication status, diagnostic criteria applied, and/or the difference in age or sex between subjects with ASD and TD controls. Taken together, our findings suggest the existence of a chronically (and systemically) activated inflammatory response system in, at least, a subgroup of individuals with ASD. This might have not only diagnostic, but also, therapeutic implications. However, larger longitudinal studies including more homogeneous samples and laboratory assessment methods and recording potential confounding factors such as body mass index, or the presence of comorbid psychiatric and/or medical conditions are urgently needed to confirm the findings.
Topics: Humans; Monocytes; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Neopterin; Leukocytes; Lymphocyte Subsets; Th17 Cells; Macrophages
PubMed: 36430805
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214329 -
Medicine Sep 2022The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested to be a potential biomarker for assessing the systemic inflammatory response in polycystic ovary syndrome... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested to be a potential biomarker for assessing the systemic inflammatory response in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating whether PCOS patients present with a higher NLR and whether obesity, metabolic, and hormonal indices have effects on the states.
METHODS
We performed a literature search on PubMed, Embase and Web of Science (last update: August 2, 2022). Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by applying random-effects models. Meta-regression analyses were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity and assess the relationship between NLR and several clinical parameters. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also assessed.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies involving 826 PCOS patients and 780 healthy controls were eligible for the present meta-analysis. Generally, NLR significantly increased in PCOS women versus healthy women (SMD = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.30-1.33, P = .002). NLR disparity was subsequently investigated in obese and non-obese cohorts. Obese PCOS women exhibited a higher NLR than obese controls (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.24-0.87, P = .001), and a similar difference was shown between non-obese PCOS and non-obese controls (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.02-0.71, P = .038). No significant NLR disparity was observed between obese versus non-obese PCOS women (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = -0.37 to 1.38, P = .259). Meta-regression analysis revealed that NLR was significantly positively associated with fasting blood glucose (P = .006) and total cholesterol levels (P = .021), but not correlated with body mass index and other parameters in PCOS patients. Sensitivity analysis indicated that no individual study significantly affected the overall pooled result, and no publishing bias was observed.
CONCLUSION
PCOS women typically present with an increased NLR. Such an increase is independent of obesity and may be associated with glycolipid metabolic disorders.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Female; Glycolipids; Humans; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Obesity; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 36197242
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030579 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising platforms for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One of the main hurdle to their medical application and translation... (Review)
Review
Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising platforms for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. One of the main hurdle to their medical application and translation into the clinic is the fact that they accumulate in the spleen and liver due to opsonization and scavenging by the mononuclear phagocyte system. The "protein corona" controls the fate of NPs in vivo and becomes the interface with cells, influencing their physiological response like cellular uptake and targeting efficiency. For these reasons, the surface properties play a pivotal role in fouling and antifouling behavior of particles. Therefore, surface engineering of the nanocarriers is an extremely important issue for the design of useful diagnostic and therapeutic systems. In recent decades, a huge number of studies have proposed and developed different strategies to improve antifouling features and produce NPs as safe and performing as possible. However, it is not always easy to compare the various approaches and understand their advantages and disadvantages in terms of interaction with biological systems. Here, we propose a systematic study of literature with the aim of summarizing current knowledge on promising antifouling coatings to render NPs more biocompatible and performing for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Thirty-nine studies from 2009 were included and investigated. Our findings have shown that two main classes of non-fouling materials (i.e., pegylated and zwitterionic) are associated with NPs and their applications are discussed here highlighting pitfalls and challenges to develop biocompatible tools for diagnostic and therapeutic uses. In conclusion, although the complexity of biofouling strategies and the field is still young, the collective data selected in this review indicate that a careful tuning of surface moieties is a pivotal step to lead NPs through their future clinical applications.
PubMed: 33803884
DOI: 10.3390/nano11030780