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Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare... 2021To evaluate the frequency of antibiotic prescribing for common infections via telemedicine compared to face-to-face visits.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the frequency of antibiotic prescribing for common infections via telemedicine compared to face-to-face visits.
DESIGN
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase (Elsevier platform) and Cochrane CENTRAL to identify studies comparing frequency of antibiotic prescribing via telemedicine and face-to-face visits without restrictions by publish dates or language used. We conducted meta-analyses of 5 infections: sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, upper respiratory infection (URI) and urinary tract infection (UTI). Random-effect models were used to obtain pooled odds ratios (ORs). Heterogeneity was evaluated with I estimation and the Cochran Q statistic test.
RESULTS
Among 3,106 studies screened, 23 studies (1 randomized control study, 22 observational studies) were included in the systematic literature review. Most of the studies (21 of 23) were conducted in the United States. Studies were substantially heterogenous, but stratified analyses revealed that providers prescribed antibiotics more frequently via telemedicine for otitis media (pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.52; I = 31%) and pharyngitis (pooled OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.33; I = 0%). We detected no significant difference in the frequencies of antibiotic prescribing for sinusitis (pooled OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.70-1.06; I = 91%), URI (pooled OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.59-2.39; I = 100%), or UTI (pooled OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 0.88-7.46; I = 91%).
CONCLUSIONS
Telemedicine visits for otitis media and pharyngitis were associated with higher rates of antibiotic prescribing. The interpretation of these findings requires caution due to substantial heterogeneity among available studies. Large-scale, well-designed studies with comprehensive assessment of antibiotic prescribing for common outpatient infections comparing telemedicine and face-to-face visits are needed to validate our findings.
PubMed: 36168456
DOI: 10.1017/ash.2021.179 -
Heliyon Jan 2024Benralizumab, mepolizumab, and reslizumab are novel monoclonal antibodies approved for asthma, targeting eosinophilic inflammation. Benralizumab is directed against IL-5... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Benralizumab, mepolizumab, and reslizumab are novel monoclonal antibodies approved for asthma, targeting eosinophilic inflammation. Benralizumab is directed against IL-5 receptor (IL-5R), while mepolizumab and reslizumab are directed against IL-5. The three drugs cause a reduction in eosinophils, but benralizumab also causes a cytotoxic effect on eosinophils and basophils. Recently, it has been reported that suboptimal responders to benralizumab presented exacerbations associated with concomitant infections and sputum neutrophilia and the incidence of infections was greater in patients receiving benralizumab compared to mepolizumab and reslizumab. For this reason, we wanted to explore potential differences in terms of infectious adverse events between the three different -IL-5 antibodies.
METHODS
We performed a rapid systematic review on PubMed up to April 28, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating benralizumab, mepolizumab, or reslizumab in patients with asthma. Included outcomes were the reporting of any respiratory tract infection and any emergency department (ED) or hospital admission for infection or asthma exacerbation. A Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis was performed with Cochrane RevMan 5.4 to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). A subgroup analysis for the different active treatments was performed.
RESULTS
From 163 references we included 21 studies reporting the results of 23 different RCTs for a total population of 9156 patients. All studies compared -IL-5 antibodies against placebo. -IL-5 treatment resulted in non-significant differences compared to placebo in the odds for nasopharyngitis (OR = 0.90; 95 % CI from 0.76 to 1.07), pharyngitis (OR = 1.45; 95 % CI from 0.92 to 2.28), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (OR = 0.97; 95 % CI from 0.82 to 1.15), rhinitis (OR = 1.01; 95 % CI from 0.71 to 1.44), pneumonia (OR = 0.56; 95 % CI from 0.10 to 2.01), and influenza (OR = 0.84; 95 % CI from 0.65 to 1.09). We observed significant reductions in the reporting of sinusitis (OR = 0.75; 95 % CI from 0.53 to 1.06), bronchitis (OR = 0.71; 95 % CI from 0.59 to 0.86), and ED or hospital admission due to asthma exacerbation for overall -IL-5 antibodies compared to placebo (OR = 0.59; 95 % CI from 0.40 to 0.88). We were not able to discriminate whether exacerbations were associated with infections or to increased sputum eosinophilia. From the subgroup analysis, we observed differences in directions and magnitudes of the effect size in the reporting of some events. Benralizumab was associated with increased odds of pharyngitis (OR = 1.56; 95 % CI from 0.97 to 2.52) and a similar trend was observed for mepolizumab in the reporting of rhinitis (OR = 1.85; 95 % CI from 0.72 to 4.78), both non-statistically significant. In terms of effect size, benralizumab also showed higher odds for bronchitis and pneumonia in comparison to mepolizumab and reslizumab (OR = 0.76, OR = 0.69, and OR = 0.60 for bronchitis and OR = 0.80, OR = 0.20, and OR = 0.45, respectively, all non-significant).
CONCLUSION
-IL-5 treatments might have different effects on the reporting of some infection events in patients with asthma. However, the evidence is limited by sample size and far than conclusive and suggest the need of future studies to evaluate the risk of infections in patients with asthma receiving -IL-5 treatments.
PubMed: 38268596
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23725 -
Integrative Medicine Research Sep 2021Shufeng Jiedu capsule has been widely used in China for acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Shufeng Jiedu capsule has been widely used in China for acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness and safety for AURTIs.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials comparing SFJD with conventional drug for patients with AURTIs were included. Eight databases were searched from their inceptions to February 2021. Data was synthesized using risk ration (RR) or mean difference (MD) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). The primary outcome was resolution time of typical symptoms.
RESULTS
Twenty-five RCTs involving 3410 patients were included. SFJD in combination with conventional drug was associated with; in common cold shortening the duration of fever (MD -1.54 days, 95% CI [-2.15,-0.92], = 80%, = 385, 3 trials) and cough (MD -1.22 days, 95% CI [-1.52, -0.93]); in herpangina, shortening the duration of fever (MD -0.68 days, 95% CI [-1.15, -0.21], = 68%, = 140, 2 trials) and blistering (MD -0.99 days, 95% CI [-1.23, -0.76], = 386, 3 trials); in acute tonsillitis and acute pharyngitis shortening the duration of fever (MD -1.13 days, 95% CI [-1.36, -0.90], = 33%, = 688, 7 trials) and sore throat (MD -1.13 days, 95% CI [-1.40, -0.86], = 84.1%, = 1194, 10 trials). SFJD also improving their cure rate with a range (1-5 days). No serious adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSION
Low certainty evidence suggests that SFJD appears to shorten the duration of symptoms in AURTIs, improve cure rate and seems safe for application. However, high quality placebo controlled trials are warranted to confirm its benefit.
PubMed: 33996460
DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2021.100726 -
Medicine Jun 2023Several clinical reports have focused on acupuncture for the treatment of acute pharyngeal infections. However, the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Several clinical reports have focused on acupuncture for the treatment of acute pharyngeal infections. However, the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of acute pharyngeal infections are controversial. To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating acute pharynx infections, thus providing a reference for clinical decision-making.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical, clinical research registration platforms, gray literature, and reference lists of the selected studies from inception to October 30, 2022. The risk of bias assessment was performed using RevMan. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA with the Hedges' g value. We also performed a subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and publication bias detection using Harbord's and Egger's tests.
RESULTS
We included 19 randomized controlled trials comprising 1701 patients, of which only one study had a high risk of bias. The primary outcome, i.e., the response rate, revealed that acupuncture was more effective than antibiotics. The secondary results revealed that the differences in the reduction of VAS scores, sore throat duration, and white blood cell counts were statistically significant in the acupuncture group compared with the antibiotic group. However, the difference in the modulation of the neutrophil percentage and C-reactive protein levels was insignificant. Moreover, the acupuncture treatment resulted in a lower incidence of adverse events than the antibiotic treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Thus, acupuncture therapy for acute pharyngeal infections is safe and its response rate is superior to that of antibiotics. Acupuncture showed positive outcomes for alleviating the sore throat symptoms, shortening the sore throat duration, and improving the immune inflammation index. Nevertheless, owing to the limitations of this study, our conclusions should be interpreted with caution. More high-quality trials are warranted in the future for improving the methodology and reporting quality.
Topics: Humans; Pharynx; Acupuncture Therapy; Pain; Pharyngitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37352021
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034124 -
BMC Anesthesiology Oct 2022This meta-analysis compared the quality of lung collapse and the resultant adverse reactions between the use of double-lumen endotracheal tubes (DLT) and bronchial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comparison of the effect of double-lumen endotracheal tubes and bronchial blockers on lung collapse in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis compared the quality of lung collapse and the resultant adverse reactions between the use of double-lumen endotracheal tubes (DLT) and bronchial blockers (BB) in minimally invasive thoracic surgery.
METHODS
A search was performed in five bibliographic databases, namely PubMed, Springer, Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library ignoring the original language, which identified five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published on or before December 31, 2021. These studies were subsequently analyzed. All included studies compared the efficacy and safety of DLT and BB as a lung isolation technique in surgery. The methodological quality of each study was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. The quality of lung collapse and the malposition rate were adopted as the main outcome indicators. Alternatively, the intubation time and the incidence of postoperative sore throat were adopted as secondary indicators.
RESULTS
When either DLT or BB were utilized in minimally invasive thoracic surgery, no differences were observed in the quality of lung collapse (odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 1.58), the intubation time (mean difference [MD], 0.06; 95% CI, -1.02 to 1.14), or the malposition rate (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.37 to 2.06). However, the incidence of postoperative sore throat among patients treated with BB was significantly lower than that among patients treated with DLT (OR, 5.25; 95% CI, 2.55 to 10.75).
CONCLUSION
When utilized in minimally invasive thoracic surgery, the quality of lung collapse with DLT was identical to that with BB. However, patients treated with the latter demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of postoperative sore throat.
Topics: Humans; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Intubation, Intratracheal; Pulmonary Atelectasis; One-Lung Ventilation; Pharyngitis
PubMed: 36309646
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01876-2 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Nov 2020Pharyngodynia, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, smell, and taste dysfunctions could be the presenting symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute...
AIM
Pharyngodynia, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, smell, and taste dysfunctions could be the presenting symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The aim was to perform a systematic review of current evidences on clinical presentation of COVID-19, focusing on upper airway symptoms in order to help otolaryngologists identifying suspected cases.
METHODS
We searched PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases.
RESULTS
We included 5 retrospective clinical studies for a total of 1556 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 57.5% were male and mean age was 49.1 years. Pooled data revealed that pharyngodynia was present in 12.4% of patients, nasal congestion in 3.7%, and rhinorrhea was rare. No reports on COVID-19 and olfactory/gustative disorders matched inclusion criteria but preliminary evidences suggested they could be present. Common symptoms were fever (85.6%), cough (68.7%), and fatigue (39.4%). Frequent comorbidities were hypertension (17.4%), diabetes (3.8%), and coronary heart disease (3.8%); 83% of patients had alterations on chest computed tomography that were bilateral in 89.5% of cases. Ground-glass opacity was the most common finding (50%). Lymphopenia (77.2%) and leucopenia (30.1%) were common. Critical cases with complications were 9%, intensive care unit admission was required in 7.3%, invasive ventilation in 3.4%, and mortality was 2.4%.
CONCLUSION
Otolaryngologists should know that pharyngodynia, nasal congestion, olfactory, and gustative disorders could be the presenting symptoms of COVID-19. Clinical presentation together with radiological and laboratory findings could help to identify suspected cases.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Cough; Fatigue; Fever; Humans; Leukopenia; Lung; Lymphopenia; Olfaction Disorders; Pandemics; Pharyngitis; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Taste Disorders; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32283980
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320920762 -
BJGP Open 2021Antibiotic overprescribing is a major concern that contributes to the problem of antibiotic resistance.
BACKGROUND
Antibiotic overprescribing is a major concern that contributes to the problem of antibiotic resistance.
AIM
To assess the effect on antibiotic prescribing in primary care of telehealth (TH) consultations compared with face-to-face (F2F).
DESIGN & SETTING
Systematic review and meta-analysis of adult or paediatric patients with a history of a community-acquired acute infection (respiratory, urinary, or skin and soft tissue). Studies were included that compared synchronous TH consultations (phone or video-based) to F2F consultations in primary care.
METHOD
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL (inception-2021), clinical trial registries and citing-cited references of included studies were searched. Two review authors independently screened the studies and extracted the data.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were identified. The one small randomised controlled trial (RCT) found a non-significant 25% relative increase in antibiotic prescribing in the TH group. The remaining 10 were observational studies but did not control well for confounding and, therefore, were at high risk of bias. When pooled by specific infections, there was no consistent pattern. The six studies of sinusitis - including one before-after study - showed significantly less prescribing for acute rhinosinusitis in TH consultations, whereas the two studies of acute otitis media showed a significant increase. Pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, and urinary tract infections showed non-significant higher prescribing in the TH group. Bronchitis showed no change in prescribing.
CONCLUSION
The impact of TH on prescribing appears to vary between conditions, with more increases than reductions. There is insufficient evidence to draw strong conclusions, however, and higher quality research is urgently needed.
PubMed: 34497096
DOI: 10.3399/BJGPO.2021.0106 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Dec 2019Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is a rare clinical syndrome of unknown cause usually identified in children.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is a rare clinical syndrome of unknown cause usually identified in children. Tonsillectomy is considered a potential treatment option for this syndrome. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2010 and previously updated in 2014.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness and safety of tonsillectomy (with or without adenoidectomy) compared with non-surgical treatment in the management of children with PFAPA.
SEARCH METHODS
The Cochrane ENT Information Specialist searched the Cochrane ENT Trials Register; Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2019, Issue 4); PubMed; Ovid Embase; CINAHL; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the search was 15 October 2019.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials comparing tonsillectomy (with or without adenoidectomy) with non-surgical treatment in children with PFAPA.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. The primary outcomes were the proportion of children whose symptoms have completely resolved and complications of surgery (haemorrhage and number of days of postoperative pain). Secondary outcomes were: number of episodes of fever and the associated symptoms; severity of episodes; use of corticosteroids; absence or time off school; quality of life. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome.
MAIN RESULTS
Two trials were included with a total of 67 children randomised (65 analysed); we judged both to be at low risk of bias. One trial of 39 participants recruited children with PFAPA syndrome diagnosed according to rigid, standard criteria. The trial compared adenotonsillectomy to watchful waiting and followed up patients for 18 months. A smaller trial of 28 children applied less stringent criteria for diagnosing PFAPA and probably also included participants with alternative types of recurrent pharyngitis. This trial compared tonsillectomy alone to no treatment and followed up patients for six months. Combining the trial results suggests that patients with PFAPA likely experience less fever and less severe episodes after surgery compared to those receiving no surgery. The risk ratio (RR) for immediate resolution of symptoms after surgery that persisted until the end of follow-up was 4.38 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64 to 30.11); number needed to treat to benefit (NNTB) = 2, calculated based on an estimate that 156 in 1000 untreated children have a resolution) (moderate-certainty evidence). Both trials reported that there were no complications of surgery. However, the numbers of patients randomly allocated to surgery (19 and 14 patients respectively) were too small to detect potentially important complications such as haemorrhage. Surgery probably results in a large overall reduction in the average number of episodes over the total length of follow-up (rate ratio 0.08, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.13), reducing the average frequency of PFAPA episodes from one every two months to slightly less than one every two years (moderate-certainty evidence). Surgery also likely reduces severity, as indicated by the length of PFAPA symptoms during these episodes. One study reported that the average number of days per PFAPA episode was 1.7 days after receiving surgery, compared to 3.5 days in the control group (moderate-certainty evidence). The evidence suggests that the proportion of patients requiring corticosteroids was also lower in the surgery group compared to those receiving no surgery (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92) (low-certainty evidence). Other outcomes such as absence from school and quality of life were not measured or reported.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The evidence for the effectiveness of tonsillectomy in children with PFAPA syndrome is derived from two small randomised controlled trials. These trials reported significant beneficial effects of surgery compared to no surgery on immediate and complete symptom resolution (NNTB = 2) and a substantial reduction in the frequency and severity (length of episode) of any further symptoms experienced. However, the evidence is of moderate certainty (further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate) due to the relatively small sample sizes of the studies and some concerns about the applicability of the results. Therefore, the parents and carers of children with PFAPA syndrome must weigh the risks and consequences of surgery against the alternative of using medications. It is well established that children with PFAPA syndrome recover spontaneously and medication can be administered to try and reduce the severity of individual episodes. It is uncertain whether adenoidectomy combined with tonsillectomy adds any additional benefit to tonsillectomy alone.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Child; Child, Preschool; Fever; Humans; Infant; Lymphadenitis; Periodicity; Pharyngitis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Syndrome; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 31886897
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008669.pub3 -
PloS One 2020Double-lumen tube is commonly used in thoracic surgeries that need one-lung ventilation, but its big size and stiff structure make it harder to perform intubation than a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Double-lumen tube is commonly used in thoracic surgeries that need one-lung ventilation, but its big size and stiff structure make it harder to perform intubation than a conventional tracheal intubation tube.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effectiveness and safety of videoscopes for double-lumen tube insertion. The primary outcome was the success rate of first attempt intubation. Secondary outcomes were intubation time, malposition, oral mucosal damage, sore throat, and external manipulation.
DESIGN
Systematic review and network meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Databases (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Kmbase, Web of science, Scopus) up to June 23, 2020 were searched.
ELIGIBILITY
Randomized controlled trials comparing different videoscopes for double-lumen tube intubation were included in this study.
METHODS
We classified and lumped the videoscope devices into the following groups: standard (non-channeled) videolaryngoscope, channeled videolaryngoscope, videostylet, and direct laryngoscope. After assessing the quality of evidence, we statistically analyzed and chose the best device based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) by using STATA software (version 16).
RESULTS
We included 23 studies (2012 patients). Based on the success rate of the first attempt, a rankogram suggested that the standard videolaryngoscope (76.4 of SUCRA) was the best choice, followed by videostylet (65.5), channeled videolaryngoscope (36.1), and direct laryngoscope (22.1), respectively. However, with regard to reducing the intubation time, the best choice was videostylet, followed by a direct laryngoscope, channeled videolaryngoscope, and standard videolaryngoscope, respectively. Direct laryngoscope showed the lowest incidence of malposition but required external manipulation the most. Channeled videolaryngoscope showed the highest incidence of oral mucosal damage, but showed the lower incidence of sore throat than standard videolaryngoscope or direct laryngoscope.
CONCLUSION
Most videoscopes improved the success rate of double-lumen tube intubation; however, they were time-consuming (except videostylet) and had a higher malposition rate than the direct laryngoscope.
Topics: Equipment Design; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngoscopy; One-Lung Ventilation; Pharyngitis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Thoracic Surgery; Video Recording
PubMed: 32857788
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238060 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2024There is a blooming trend in the application of robotic surgery in oral and maxillofacial care, and different studies had evaluated the quality of life (QoL) outcomes... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is a blooming trend in the application of robotic surgery in oral and maxillofacial care, and different studies had evaluated the quality of life (QoL) outcomes among patients who underwent robotic surgery in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, empirical evidence on the QoL outcomes from these procedures is yet to be mapped. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the available scientific evidence and gaps concerning the QoL outcomes of patients treated with robotic surgery in the oral and maxillofacial region.
METHODS
This study adopted a scoping review design, and it was conducted and reported based on the Arksey and O'Malley, PRISMA-ScR, and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. SCOPUS, PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and APA PsycINFO were searched to retrieve relevant literature. Using Rayyan software, the retrieved literature were deduplicated, and screened based on the review's eligibility criteria. Only the eligible articles were included in the review. From the included articles, relevant data were charted, collated, and summarized.
RESULTS
A total of 123 literature were retrieved from the literature search. After deduplication and screening, only 18 heterogeneous original articles were included in the review. A total of 771 transoral robotic surgeries (TORSs) were reported in these articles, and the TORSs were conducted on patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPC), recurrent tonsillitis, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). In total, 20 different QoL instruments were used in these articles to assess patients' QoL outcomes, and the most used instrument was the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory Questionnaire (MDADI). Physical functions related to swallowing, speech and salivary functions were the most assessed QoL aspects. TORS was reported to result in improved QOL in patients with OPC, OSA, and recurrent tonsillitis, most significantly within the first postoperative year. Notably, the site of the lesion, involvement of neck dissections and the characteristics of the adjuvant therapy seemed to affect the QOL outcome in patients with OPC.
CONCLUSION
Compared to the conventional treatment modalities, TORS has demonstrated better QoL, mostly in the domains related to oral functions such as swallowing and speech, among patients treated with such. This improvement was most evident within the initial post-operative year.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Tonsillitis; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 38408988
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04035-w