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Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2021The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions.
DESIGN
Literature research was performed on five electronic biomedical databases from their start dates to June 2020. Only studies evaluating the presence of microorganisms in periapical lesions in human permanent teeth with secondary/persistent infection were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis and binominal tests were used to analyse the resulting data.
RESULTS
From the 1,313 records found, 23 full-texts were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % (95 % CI, 75-94) and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 % (95 % CI, 66-91). There were statistical differences in the geographic area subgroup and between viable bacteria and active viruses. The most common detection method of microorganisms was the molecular one (69 %), and the most prevalent bacteria were the species Actinomyces, Fusobacterium and Prevotella (40 %). Most of the included studies had moderate risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 %.
Topics: Fusobacterium; Humans; Prevalence; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 33588190
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105055 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2021Pelvic radiation therapy (RT) can impact the gut microbiome in patients with cancer and result in gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities. The purpose of this systematic review...
AIM
Pelvic radiation therapy (RT) can impact the gut microbiome in patients with cancer and result in gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the effects of RT on the gut microbiome and the associations between the gut microbiome and GI toxicities in patients treated with pelvic RT.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from their earliest records to August 2020. The articles screening process adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Mixed Method Assessment Tool was used to assess the methodological quality for each included study. All study findings were synthesized and presented in narrative format. Thirteen studies were included. The gut microbiome of fecal samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing approaches.
RESULTS
There were disparities in alpha and beta diversities that existed across the studies. Divergent results were found among various phyla, including , , and . Moreover, alteration in the gut microbiome diversity and abundance related to cancer treatment was associated with pelvic toxicities, specifically diarrhea. Following treatment, increases in the abundance of was associated with diarrhea and radiation enteritis.
CONCLUSIONS
Pelvic RT can disrupt the diversity and abundance of commensal gut microorganisms. A dysbiotic gut microbiome showed a promising association with radiation enteritis through alterations of the intestinal barrier function, innate immunity, and intestinal repair mechanisms; however, confounders, such as diet, were not thoroughly addressed.
PubMed: 34938654
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745262 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2017To critically evaluate previous scientific evidence on Fusobacterium's role in colorectal neoplasia development. (Review)
Review
AIM
To critically evaluate previous scientific evidence on Fusobacterium's role in colorectal neoplasia development.
METHODS
Two independent investigators systematically reviewed all original scientific articles published between January, 2000, and July, 2017, using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. A total of 355 articles were screened at the abstract level. Of these, only original scientific human, animal, and in vitro studies investigating and its relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC) were included in the analysis. Abstracts, review articles, studies investigating other colonic diseases, and studies written in other languages than English were excluded from our analysis. Ninety articles were included after removing duplicates, resolving disagreements between the two reviewers, and applying the above criteria.
RESULTS
Studies have consistently identified positive associations between , especially (), and CRC. Stronger associations were seen in CRCs proximal to the splenic flexure and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-high CRCs. There was evidence of temporality and a biological gradient, with increased DNA detection and quantity along the traditional adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in CIMP-high CRC precursors. Diet may have a differential impact on colonic enrichment; evidence suggests that high fiber diet may reduce the risk of a subset of CRCs that are DNA-positive. Data also suggest shorter CRC and disease-specific survival with increased amount of DNA in CRC tissue. The pathophysiology of enrichment of and other species in colonic tissue is unclear; however, the virulence factors and changes to the local colonic environment with disruption of the protective mucus layer may contribute. The presence of a host lectin (Gal-GalNAc) in the colonic epithelium may also mediate attachment to CRC and precursors through interaction with an protein, fibroblast activation protein 2 (FAP2). The clinical significance of detection or enrichment of in colorectal neoplasia is ambiguous, but data suggest a procarcinogenic effect of , likely due to activation of oncogenic and inflammatory pathways and modulation of the tumor immune environment. This is hypothesized to be mediated by certain strains carrying invasive properties and virulence factors such as FadA and FAP.
CONCLUSION
Evidence suggests a potential active role of , specifically , in CRC. Future prospective and experimental human studies would fill an important gap in this literature.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Colon; Colorectal Neoplasms; CpG Islands; Fusobacterium; Fusobacterium Infections; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Methylation; Rectum
PubMed: 29358871
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8626 -
Animal Microbiome Jun 2021Undesirable microbial infiltration into the female bovine reproductive tracts, for example during calving or mating, is likely to disturb the commensal microflora.... (Review)
Review
Undesirable microbial infiltration into the female bovine reproductive tracts, for example during calving or mating, is likely to disturb the commensal microflora. Persistent establishment and overgrowth of certain pathogens induce reproductive diseases, render the female bovine reproductive tract unfavourable for pregnancy or can result in transmission to the foetus, leading to death and abortion or birth abnormalities. This review of culture-independent metagenomics studies revealed that normal microflora in the female bovine reproductive tract is reasonably consistently dominated by bacteria from the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, following by Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Tenericutes. Reproductive disease development in the female bovine reproductive tract was demonstrated across multiple studies to be associated with high relative abundances of bacteria from the phyla Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. Reduced bacterial diversity in the reproductive tract microbiome in some studies of cows diagnosed with reproductive diseases also indicated an association between dysbiosis and bovine reproductive health. Nonetheless, the bovine genital tract microbiome remains underexplored, and this is especially true for the male genital tract. Future research should focus on the functional aspects of the bovine reproductive tract microbiomes, for example their contributions to cattle fertility and susceptibility towards reproductive diseases.
PubMed: 34108039
DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00106-3 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients... (Review)
Review
The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients were assessed. A systematic scoping review of observational studies and trials was established in conjunction with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. The SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIELO, Web of Science, and LILACS databases were reviewed along with the gray literature. The primary electronic examination produced 139 investigations. Finally, four observational studies met the selection criteria. These studies evaluated 214 implants in 168 patients. and mainly presented high resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and erythromycin in PI patients. Similarly, was also highly resistant to clindamycin and doxycycline. Other microorganisms such as , , and also presented significant levels of resistance to other antibiotics including amoxicillin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin. However, most microorganisms did not show resistance to the combination amoxicillin metronidazole. Although the management of adjunctive antimicrobials in the therapy of PI is controversial, in this review, the resistance of relevant microorganisms to antibiotics used to treat PI, and usually prescribed in dentistry, was observed. Clinicians should consider the antibiotic resistance demonstrated in the treatment of PI patients and its public health consequences.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Amoxicillin; Metronidazole; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36497685
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315609 -
Medicine Apr 2020Periodontal bacteria is the major pathogens in the oral cavity and the main cause of adult chronic periodontitis, but their association with incidence and prognosis in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Periodontal bacteria is the major pathogens in the oral cavity and the main cause of adult chronic periodontitis, but their association with incidence and prognosis in cancer is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal bacteria infection on incidence and prognosis of cancer.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to obtain 39 studies comprising 7184 participants. The incidence of cancer was evaluated as odd ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using Review Manager 5.2 software. Overall survival, cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival, which were measured as hazard ratios (HR) with a 95% CI using Review Manager 5.2 software.
RESULTS
Our results indicated that periodontal bacteria infection increased the incidence of cancer (OR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.03-1.52) and was associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.40-2.20), disease-free survival (HR = 2.18; 95%CI: 1.24-3.84) and cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.44-2.39). Subgroup analysis indicted that the risk of cancer was associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) infection (OR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.34-3.47) and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) infection (OR = 1.28; 95%CI: 1.01-1.63) but not Tannerella forsythia (Tf) (OR = 1.06; 95%CI: 0.8-1.41), Treponema denticola (Td) (OR = 1.30; 95%CI: 0.99-1.72), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) (OR = 1.00; 95%CI: 0.48-2.08) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) (OR = 0.61; 95%CI: 0.32-1.16).
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis revealed periodontal bacteria infection increased the incidence of cancer and predicted poor prognosis of cancer.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Bacterial Infections; Chronic Periodontitis; Disease-Free Survival; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Incidence; Mouth; Neoplasms; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 32282725
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019698 -
Systematic Reviews Dec 2020Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of colorectal infection with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of colorectal infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a systematic review, including both a qualitative synthesis and a meta-analysis, to synthesize the evidence from the epidemiological literature on the association between F. nucleatum detection in the colon/rectum and CRC.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, EBM Reviews-Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text was conducted using earliest inclusive dates up to 4 October 2020. Eligible studies were original, comparative observational studies that reported results on colorectal F. nucleatum detection and CRC. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant information. Odds ratio (OR) estimates were pooled across studies using the random effects model. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to critically appraise study quality.
RESULTS
Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review, of which 12 were included in the meta-analysis. Studies investigated F. nucleatum in feces, colorectal tissue samples, or both. In most studies included in the systematic review, the load of F. nucleatum was higher, on average, in specimens from CRC patients than in those from CRC-free controls. Meta-analysis showed a positive association between F. nucleatum detection in colorectal specimens and CRC (OR = 8.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.2 to 13.0).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this systematic review suggest that F. nucleatum in the colon/rectum is associated with CRC.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on July 10, 2018 (registration number CRD42018095866).
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Feces; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Mucous Membrane; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33272322
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01526-z -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024The study aimed to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on the composition and functions of the oral microbiome in healthy adult humans. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on the composition and functions of the oral microbiome in healthy adult humans.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cinhal databases for literature published until 15 December 2023, to identify studies that have evaluated the oral microbiome with culture-independent next-generation techniques comparing the oral microbiome of tobacco users and non-users. The search followed the PECO format. The outcomes included changes in microbial diversity and abundance of microbial taxa. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) (PROSPERO ID CRD42022340151).
RESULTS
Out of 2,435 articles screened, 36 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria and were selected for full-text review. Despite differences in design, quality, and population characteristics, most studies reported an increase in bacterial diversity and richness in tobacco users. The most notable bacterial taxa enriched in users were and at the phylum level and , , and at the genus level. At the functional level, more similarities could be noted; and were increased in tobacco users compared to non-users. Most of the studies were of good quality on the NOS scale.
CONCLUSION
Tobacco smoking influences oral microbial community harmony, and it shows a definitive shift towards a proinflammatory milieu. Heterogeneities were detected due to sampling and other methodological differences, emphasizing the need for greater quality research using standardized methods and reporting.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
CRD42022340151.
PubMed: 38445094
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1310334 -
Nutrients Aug 2021The human gut microbiota is defined as the microorganisms that collectively inhabit the intestinal tract. Its composition is relatively stable; however, an imbalance can...
BACKGROUND
The human gut microbiota is defined as the microorganisms that collectively inhabit the intestinal tract. Its composition is relatively stable; however, an imbalance can be precipitated by various factors and is known to be associated with various diseases. Humans are daily exposed to ionizing radiation from ambient and medical procedures, and gastrointestinal side effects are not rare.
METHODS
A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted. Primary outcomes were changes in composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota after ionizing radiation exposure. Standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane were used.
RESULTS
A total of 2929 nonduplicated records were identified, and based on the inclusion criteria, 11 studies were considered. Studies were heterogeneous, with differences in population and outcomes. Overall, we found evidence for an association between ionizing radiation exposure and dysbiosis: reduction in microbiota diversity and richness, increase in pathogenic bacteria abundance (Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria), and decrease in beneficial bacteria ( and .
CONCLUSIONS
This review highlights the importance of considering the influence of ionizing radiation exposure on gut microbiota, especially when considering the side effects of abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy. Better knowledge of these effects, with larger population studies, is needed.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Radiation Injuries; Radiation, Ionizing
PubMed: 34578902
DOI: 10.3390/nu13093025 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2021The past decade has witnessed a surge in epidemiological studies that have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and oral cancer. Owing to the diversity... (Review)
Review
The past decade has witnessed a surge in epidemiological studies that have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and oral cancer. Owing to the diversity of the published data, a comprehensive systematic overview of the currently available evidence is critical. This review summarises the current evidence on the metagenomic studies on the oral microbiome in oral cancer. A systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases to identify original studies examining the differences in the oral microbiome of oral cancer cases and controls. A total of twenty-six studies were identified that reported differences in microbial abundance between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls. Although almost all the studies identified microbial dysbiosis to be associated with oral cancer, the detailed qualitative analysis did not reveal the presence/abundance of any individual bacteria or a consortium to be consistently enriched in OSCC samples across the studies. Interestingly, few studies reported a surge of periodontopathogenic taxa, especially , whereas others demonstrated a depletion of commensal taxa . Considerable heterogeneity could be identified in the parameters used for designing the studies as well as reporting the microbial data. If microbiome data needs to be translated in the future, to complement the clinical parameters for diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer, further studies with the integration of clinical variables, adequate statistical power, reproducible methods, and models are required.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Mouth Neoplasms; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 34299675
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147224