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Nutrients Nov 2019The relationship between dietary protein consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The relationship between dietary protein consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the relations between dietary protein consumption and the risk of T2D. We conducted systematic retrieval of prospective studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Summary relative risks were compiled with a fixed effects model or a random effects model, and a restricted cubic spline regression model and generalized least squares analysis were used to evaluate the diet-T2D incidence relationship. T2D risk increased with increasing consumption of total protein and animal protein, red meat, processed meat, milk, and eggs, respectively, while plant protein and yogurt had an inverse relationship. A non-linear association with the risk for T2D was found for the consumption of plant protein, processed meat, milk, yogurt, and soy. This meta-analysis suggests that substitution of plant protein and yogurt for animal protein, especially red meat and processed meat, can reduce the risk for T2D.
Topics: Animal Proteins, Dietary; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Humans; Incidence; Meat; Plant Proteins, Dietary; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31731672
DOI: 10.3390/nu11112783 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jan 2023The study used scattered literature to summarize the effects of excess Cd, As, and Pb from contaminated soils on plant secondary metabolites/bioactive compounds...
The study used scattered literature to summarize the effects of excess Cd, As, and Pb from contaminated soils on plant secondary metabolites/bioactive compounds (non-nutrient organic substances). Hence, we provided a systematic overview involving the sources and forms of Cd, As, and Pb in soils, plant uptake, mechanisms governing the interaction of these risk elements during the formation of secondary metabolites, and subsequent effects. The biogeochemical characteristics of soils are directly responsible for the mobility and bioavailability of risk elements, which include pH, redox potential, dissolved organic carbon, clay content, Fe/Mn/Al oxides, and microbial transformations. The radial risk element flow in plant systems is restricted by the apoplastic barrier (e.g., Casparian strip) and chelation (phytochelatins and vacuole sequestration) in roots. However, bioaccumulation is primarily a function of risk element concentration and plant genotype. The translocation of risk elements to the shoot via the xylem and phloem is well-mediated by transporter proteins. Besides the dysfunction of growth, photosynthesis, and respiration, excess Cd, As, and Pb in plants trigger the production of secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties to counteract the toxic effects. Eventually, this affects the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites (including phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenes) and adversely influences their antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, and lipid-lowering properties. The mechanisms governing the translocation of Cd, As, and Pb are vital for regulating risk element accumulation in plants and subsequent effects on secondary metabolites.
Topics: Antioxidants; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cadmium; Lead; Metals, Heavy; Soil; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 36529801
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24776-x -
Integrative Cancer Therapies Dec 2018A continuous challenge in cancer management is to improve treatment efficacy and to diminish its side effects. Consequently, new conventional and unconventional drugs...
A continuous challenge in cancer management is to improve treatment efficacy and to diminish its side effects. Consequently, new conventional and unconventional drugs and bioactive compounds from plants are constantly developed, characterized, and used for in vitro and in vivo models. This review focuses on the antitumor properties of Calendula officinalis, its biological and molecular effects in tumor cells and animal models, as well as its role in cancer palliative care. A systematic review of studies describing the cytotoxic role of C officinalis and its therapeutic role on cancer cells were carried out using the PubMed database. Albeit C officinalis extracts have cytotoxic activity toward different cancer cell lines, a high grade of variation between studies was observed, depending on plant organ subjected to extraction, extraction method, and the cancer cell lines used for each study. Nevertheless, its cytotoxic activity is related to a few bioactive compounds, presenting multiple roles in both activation of proapoptotic proteins and decreasing the expression of the proteins that inhibit cell death. Moreover, due to its anti-genotoxic/protective as well as antitumor and antimetastatic effects proven in animal models, C officinalis could have important future implications in developing novel cancer treatment strategies, while until now it has been used especially for diminishing the side effects of radiotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Calendula; Humans; Neoplasms; Palliative Care; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 30289008
DOI: 10.1177/1534735418803766 -
The American Journal of Gastroenterology Jan 2017Celiac disease (CD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) share similar symptoms, leading to confusion between the two and diagnostic delay. International guidelines... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Celiac disease (CD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) share similar symptoms, leading to confusion between the two and diagnostic delay. International guidelines recommend screening individuals with IBS for CD, via serological testing. However, studies published recently have cast doubt on the utility of this. We updated a previous meta-analysis examining this issue.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and EMBASE Classic were searched through to May 2016. Eligible studies recruited adults with IBS according to symptom-based criteria, physician's opinion, or questionnaire data. Tests for CD included IgA-class antigliadin antibodies (AGA), endomysial antibodies (EMA), tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG), or duodenal biopsies following positive serology. The proportion of individuals meeting criteria for IBS testing positive for CD was combined to give a pooled prevalence for all studies, and compared between cases with IBS and, healthy controls without (where reported), using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
There were 36 eligible studies, recruiting 15,256 individuals, of whom 9,275 (60.8%) met criteria for IBS. Pooled ORs for positive IgA AGAs, EMA and/or tTG, and biopsy-proven CD in IBS subjects vs. controls were 3.21 (95% CI 1.55-6.65), 2.75 (95% CI 1.35-5.61), and 4.48 (95% CI 2.33-8.60), respectively. There was no increase in ORs for any test for CD among cases with IBS in North American studies, and results were inconsistent in population-based studies. The prevalence of biopsy-proven CD was significantly higher across all subtypes of IBS. Limitations included heterogeneity in some analyses, and few North American studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, prevalence of positive celiac serology and biopsy-proven CD was significantly higher in subjects with symptoms suggestive of IBS vs. healthy controls. However, the utility of screening for CD in individuals with suspected IBS in North America or in the community is less clear.
Topics: Antibodies; Autoantibodies; Biopsy; Case-Control Studies; Celiac Disease; Delayed Diagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Duodenum; GTP-Binding Proteins; Gliadin; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Mass Screening; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; Serologic Tests; Transglutaminases
PubMed: 27753436
DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.466 -
Nutrients May 2024Diet is integral to the healthy ageing process and certain diets can mitigate prolonged and deleterious inflammation. This review aims to assess the impact of diets high... (Review)
Review
Diet is integral to the healthy ageing process and certain diets can mitigate prolonged and deleterious inflammation. This review aims to assess the impact of diets high in sustainably sourced proteins on nutrient intake, gut, and age-related health in older adults. A systematic search of the literature was conducted on 5 September 2023 across multiple databases and sources. Studies assessing sustainably sourced protein consumption in community dwelling older adults (≥65 years) were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using 'RoB 2.0' and 'ROBINS-E'. Narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity of studies. Twelve studies involving 12,166 older adults were included. Nine studies (n = 10,391) assessed habitual dietary intake and had some RoB concerns, whilst three studies (n = 1812), two with low and one with high RoB, conducted plant-based dietary interventions. Increased adherence to sustainably sourced diets was associated with improved gut microbial factors (n = 4640), healthier food group intake (n = 2142), and increased fibre and vegetable protein intake (n = 1078). Sustainably sourced diets positively impacted on gut microbiota and healthier intake of food groups, although effects on inflammatory outcomes and health status were inconclusive. Future research should focus on dietary interventions combining sustainable proteins and fibre to evaluate gut barrier function and consider inflammatory and body composition outcomes in older adults.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dietary Proteins; Female; Male; Aged, 80 and over; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Diet, Healthy; Eating; Independent Living
PubMed: 38732644
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091398 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Significant scientific advances to elucidate the pathosystem have been achieved in recent years, but the molecular biology of this pathogen-host interaction is still a... (Review)
Review
Significant scientific advances to elucidate the pathosystem have been achieved in recent years, but the molecular biology of this pathogen-host interaction is still a field with many unanswered questions. In order to present insights at the molecular level, we present the first systematic review on the theme. All told, 1118 studies were extracted from public databases. Of these, 109 were eligible for the review, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicated that understanding the transition from the biotrophic-necrotrophic phase of the fungus is crucial for control of the disease. Proteins with strong biotechnological potential or that can be targets for pathosystem intervention were identified, but studies regarding possible applications are still limited. The studies identified revealed important genes in the -host interaction and efficient molecular markers in the search for genetic variability and sources of resistance, with being the most common host. An arsenal of effectors already identified and not explored in the pathosystem were highlighted. This systematic review contributes to the understanding of the pathosystem at the molecular level, offering new insights and proposing different paths for the development of new strategies to control witches' broom disease.
Topics: Cacao; Phytoplasma Disease; Plant Diseases; Molecular Biology; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Agaricales
PubMed: 36982760
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065684 -
Heliyon Jun 2024Nanoparticles have recently become considered as a crucial player in contemporary medicine, with therapeutic uses ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for... (Review)
Review
Nanoparticles have recently become considered as a crucial player in contemporary medicine, with therapeutic uses ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for the transport of drugs and genes into a specific target. Nanoparticles have the ability to have more precise molecular interactions with the human body in order to target specific cells and tissues with minimal adverse effects and maximal therapeutic outcomes. With the least number of side effects and the greatest possible therapeutic benefit, nanoparticles can target particular cells and tissues through more precise molecular interactions with the human body. The majority of global public health problems are now treated with green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which substantially affect the fundamental structure of DNA and proteins and thus display their antimicrobial action. AgNPs can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce oxidative stress. By inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF)-1, pro-inflammatory mediators generated by silver nanoparticles are reduced, mucin hypersecretion is lessened, and gene activity is subsequently regulated to prevent infections. The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using various plants and their applications in antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities have been extensively discussed in this article. Also, because only natural substances are utilized in the manufacturing process, the particles that are created naturally are coated, stabilized, and play a vital role in these biomedical actions. The characterization of AgNPs, possibility of preparing AgNPSs with different shapes using biological method and their impact on functions and toxicities, impact of size, shape and other properties on AgNPs functions and toxicity profiles, limitations, and future prospects of green-mediated AgNPs have also been reported in this study. The major goal of this study is to provide readers with a comprehensive, informed, and up-to-date summary of the various AgNPs production and characterization methods and their under-investigational antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. This review provides instructions and suggestions for additional studies based on AgNPs. This evaluation also pushes researchers to look into natural resources like plant parts in order to create useful nanobiotechnology.
PubMed: 38828360
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29766 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Nov 2018Gluten sensitivity refers to prominent immunological responses to gluten, usually in conjunction with elevated levels of serum antigliadin antibody (AGA). The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Gluten sensitivity refers to prominent immunological responses to gluten, usually in conjunction with elevated levels of serum antigliadin antibody (AGA). The association between AGA and cerebellar ataxias has been inconsistently reported.
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature search and a meta-analysis to study the weighted pooled OR of idiopathic cerebellar ataxia (IDCA) cases to controls or to hereditary ataxia (HA) for AGA seropositivity using fixed effect model.
RESULTS
Eleven studies were included, with a total of 847 IDCA cases, 1654 controls and 445 HA cases. IDCA cases had fourfold higher odds than controls (OR 4.28, 95% CI 3.10 to 5.90) and twofold higher odds than HA cases (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.44) of having AGA seropositivity. Sensitivity analysis excluding the most weighted study, which accounted for 69% of the total weight, still showed similar associations (IDCA vs controls, OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.79 to 5.67 and IDCA vs HA, OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.86, respectively). The subgroup analysis showed that, when compared with controls, IDCA cases of both East Asian and Western countries had approximately threefold to fourfold higher odds to have AGA seropositivity (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.67 to 6.97 and OR 4.53, 95% CI 3.16 to 6.49, respectively), suggesting the lack of ethnic heterogeneity. The odds of AGA seropositivity for HA cases was not significantly higher than controls (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.44).
CONCLUSION
Our study indicates the association between AGA and IDCA, across different geographic regions.
Topics: Antibodies; Cerebellar Ataxia; Gliadin; Humans
PubMed: 29866704
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-318215 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023The Family of pathogenesis-related proteins 10 (PR-10) is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. PR-10 are multifunctional proteins, constitutively expressed in all...
INTRODUCTION
The Family of pathogenesis-related proteins 10 (PR-10) is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. PR-10 are multifunctional proteins, constitutively expressed in all plant tissues, playing a role in growth and development or being induced in stress situations. Several studies have investigated the preponderant role of PR-10 in plant defense against biotic stresses; however, little is known about the mechanisms of action of these proteins. This is the first systematic review conducted to gather information on the subject and to reveal the possible mechanisms of action that PR-10 perform.
METHODS
Therefore, three databases were used for the article search: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. To avoid bias, a protocol with inclusion and exclusion criteria was prepared. In total, 216 articles related to the proposed objective of this study were selected.
RESULTS
The participation of PR-10 was revealed in the plant's defense against several stressor agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes and insects, and studies involving fungi and bacteria were predominant in the selected articles. Studies with combined techniques showed a compilation of relevant information about PR-10 in biotic stress that collaborate with the understanding of the mechanisms of action of these molecules. The up-regulation of PR-10 was predominant under different conditions of biotic stress, in addition to being more expressive in resistant varieties both at the transcriptional and translational level.
DISCUSSION
Biological models that have been proposed reveal an intrinsic network of molecular interactions involving the modes of action of PR-10. These include hormonal pathways, transcription factors, physical interactions with effector proteins or pattern recognition receptors and other molecules involved with the plant's defense system.
CONCLUSION
The molecular networks involving PR-10 reveal how the plant's defense response is mediated, either to trigger susceptibility or, based on data systematized in this review, more frequently, to have plant resistance to the disease.
PubMed: 37469770
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193873 -
Nutrients Oct 2018The aim of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between coeliac disease (CD) and headache. The objectives were to establish the prevalence of each... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between coeliac disease (CD) and headache. The objectives were to establish the prevalence of each entity amongst the other, to explore the role of gluten free diet (GFD), and to describe the imaging findings in those affected by headaches associated with CD.
METHODOLOGY
A systematic computer-based literature search was conducted on the PubMed database. Information regarding study type, population size, the age group included, prevalence of CD amongst those with headache and vice versa, imaging results, the nature of headache, and response to GFD.
RESULTS
In total, 40 articles published between 1987 and 2017 qualified for inclusion in this review. The mean pooled prevalence of headache amongst those with CD was 26% (95% CI 19.5⁻33.9%) in adult populations and 18.3% (95% CI 10.4⁻30.2%) in paediatric populations. The headaches are most often migraine-like. In children with idiopathic headache, the prevalence of CD is 2.4% (95% CI 1.5⁻3.7%), whereas data for adult populations is presently unavailable. Brain imaging can be normal, although, cerebral calcifications on CT, white matter abnormalities on MRI and deranged regional cerebral blood flow on SPECT can be present. GFD appears to be an effective management for headache in the context of CD, leading to total resolution of headaches in up to 75% of patients.
CONCLUSIONS
There is an increased prevalence of CD amongst idiopathic headache and vice versa. Therefore, patients with headache of unknown origin should be screened for CD, as such patients may symptomatically benefit from a GFD.
Topics: Adult; Celiac Disease; Child; Diet, Gluten-Free; Glutens; Headache; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 30301194
DOI: 10.3390/nu10101445