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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021The blockade of the progression or onset of pathological events is essential for the homeostasis of an organism. Some common pathological mechanisms involving a wide... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The blockade of the progression or onset of pathological events is essential for the homeostasis of an organism. Some common pathological mechanisms involving a wide range of diseases are the uncontrolled inflammatory reactions that promote fibrosis, oxidative reactions, and other alterations. Natural plant compounds (NPCs) are bioactive elements obtained from natural sources that can regulate physiological processes. Inflammation is recognized as an important factor in the development and evolution of chronic renal damage. Consequently, any compound able to modulate inflammation or inflammation-related processes can be thought of as a renal protective agent and/or a potential treatment tool for controlling renal damage. The objective of this research was to review the beneficial effects of bioactive natural compounds on kidney damage to reveal their efficacy as demonstrated in clinical studies.
METHODS
This systematic review is based on relevant studies focused on the impact of NPCs with therapeutic potential for kidney disease treatment in humans.
RESULTS
Clinical studies have evaluated NPCs as a different way to treat or prevent renal damage and appear to show some benefits in improving OS, inflammation, and antioxidant capacity, therefore making them promising therapeutic tools to reduce or prevent the onset and progression of KD pathogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS
This review shows the promising clinical properties of NPC in KD therapy. However, more robust clinical trials are needed to establish their safety and therapeutic effects in the area of renal damage.
Topics: Antioxidants; Berberine; Beta vulgaris; Betalains; Biological Products; Catechin; Curcumin; Disulfides; Flavonoids; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Plant Extracts; Pomegranate; Protective Agents; Resveratrol; Sulfinic Acids; Sulfoxides; Xanthophylls
PubMed: 34684678
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206096 -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Dec 2014Metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and the head-neck and neck-body junctions in modular THA are associated with a variety of local and systemic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and the head-neck and neck-body junctions in modular THA are associated with a variety of local and systemic reactions to their related wear and corrosion products. Although laboratory testing is available, the relationship between laboratory values--including serum metal ion levels--and adverse local tissue reactions (ALTRs) remains controversial and incompletely characterized.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
(1) What is the range of serum metal levels associated with ALTR in patients who have MoM THAs or corrosion at the head-neck and neck-body junctions in metal-on-polyethylene (or ceramic-on-polyethylene) THAs? (2) How much wear occurs in patients with MoM total hips? (3) Is there evidence of a dose-response relationship between wear and ALTR?
METHODS
PubMed and Embase databases were reviewed for English-language studies assessing serum metal levels in the presence of ALTR and papers describing the results of wear measurements from revised MoM implants and ALTR histopathology were systematically reviewed. Reported linear wear data were separated into groups with ALTR and without ALTR as listed in individual papers and graphed to determine whether a dose-response relationship was present between wear and ALTR. Overall, 15 studies including 338 hips with ALTR with corresponding serum metal levels were identified and analyzed. Twelve studies reported the wear depth or volume of MoM components from patients with a variety of local reactions. Two studies investigated corrosion at the head-neck and neck-body junctions in metal-on-polyethylene THA. There was a high level of variability and study heterogeneity, and so data pooling (meta-analysis) could not be performed.
RESULTS
Average reported metal concentrations were elevated above established normal values in patients with ALTR (cobalt concentrations ranged from 5 to 40 ppb, and chromium levels ranged from 5 to 54 ppb). Whereas several studies demonstrated that patients with ALTR had higher average linear wear of the bearing surfaces, this finding was not made in all studies that we identified in this systematic review. Because of this high degree of variability, no clear dose-response relationship between wear and ALTR could be established.
CONCLUSIONS
Serum metal level analysis and implant retrieval analysis both contribute to the understanding of ALTR. Serum metal levels generally are elevated in the presence of ALTR but should not be used in isolation for clinical decision-making. Many but not all patients with ALTR, including those with pseudotumors, demonstrate high wear, but more data and more systematic descriptions of the histopathology are needed to define the amount of wear that induces adverse reactions.
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Ceramics; Device Removal; Foreign-Body Reaction; Hip Joint; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Metal-on-Metal Joint Prostheses; Metals; Polyethylene; Predictive Value of Tests; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Failure; Reoperation; Risk Factors; Stress, Mechanical; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25160942
DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-3893-2 -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Dec 2014Total hip arthroplasty (THA) continues to be one of the most successful surgical procedures in the medical field. However, over the last two decades, the use of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) continues to be one of the most successful surgical procedures in the medical field. However, over the last two decades, the use of modularity and alternative bearings in THA has become routine. Given the known problems associated with hard-on-hard bearing couples, including taper failures with more modular stem designs, local and systemic effects from metal-on-metal bearings, and fractures with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings, it is not known whether in aggregate the survivorship of these implants is better or worse than the metal-on-polyethylene bearings that they sought to replace.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
Have alternative bearings (metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-ceramic) and implant modularity decreased revision rates of primary THAs?
METHODS
In this systematic review of MEDLINE and EMBASE, we used several Boolean search strings for each topic and surveyed national registry data from English-speaking countries. Clinical research (Level IV or higher) with ≥ 5 years of followup was included; retrieval studies and case reports were excluded. We included registry data at ≥ 7 years followup. A total of 32 studies (and five registry reports) on metal-on-metal, 19 studies (and five registry reports) on ceramic-on-ceramic, and 20 studies (and one registry report) on modular stem designs met inclusion criteria and were evaluated in detail. Insufficient data were available on metal-on-ceramic and ceramic-on-metal implants, and monoblock acetabular designs were evaluated in another recent systematic review so these were not evaluated here.
RESULTS
There was no evidence in the literature that alternative bearings (either metal-on-metal or ceramic-on-ceramic) in THA have decreased revision rates. Registry data, however, showed that large head metal-on-metal implants have lower 7- to 10-year survivorship than do standard bearings. In THA, modular exchangeable femoral neck implants had a lower 10-year survival rate in both literature reviews and in registry data compared with combined registry primary THA implant survivorship.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite improvements in implant technology, there is no evidence that alternative bearings or modularity have resulted in decreased THA revision rates after 5 years. In fact, both large head metal-on-metal THA and added modularity may well lower survivorship and should only be used in select cases in which the mission cannot be achieved without it. Based on this experience, followup and/or postmarket surveillance studies should have a duration of at least 5 years before introducing new alternative bearings or modularity on a widespread scale.
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Biomechanical Phenomena; Ceramics; Hip Joint; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Metal-on-Metal Joint Prostheses; Polyethylene; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Failure; Reoperation; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25070918
DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-3816-2 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Dec 2022Coastal lagoons are transitional environments between continental and marine aquatic systems. Globally, coastal lagoons are of great ecological and socioeconomic... (Review)
Review
Coastal lagoons are transitional environments between continental and marine aquatic systems. Globally, coastal lagoons are of great ecological and socioeconomic importance as providers of valuable ecosystem services. However, these fragile environments are subject to several human pressures, including pollution by microplastics (MPs). The aim of this review was to identify and summarize advances in MP pollution research in coastal lagoons across the world. We consider peer-reviewed publications on this topic published in English and Spanish between 2000 and April 21, 2022, available in Scopus and Google Scholar. We found 57 publications with data on MP abundances and their characteristics in 50 coastal lagoons from around the world, 58% of which have some environmental protection status. The number of publications on this type of pollution in lagoons has increased significantly since 2019. Methodological differences amongst studies of MPs in coastal lagoons were nevertheless a limiting factor for wide-ranging comparisons. Most studies (77%) were conducted in single environmental compartments, and integration was limited, hampering current understanding of MP dynamics in such lagoons. MPs were more abundant in lagoons with highly populated shores and watersheds, which support intensive human activities. On the contrary, lagoons in natural protected areas had lower abundances of MPs, mostly in sediments and organisms. Fiber/filament and fragment shapes, and polyethylene, polyester, and polypropylene polymers were predominant. MPs had accumulated in certain areas of coastal lagoons, or had been exported to the sea, depending on the influence of seasonal weather, hydrodynamics, anthropogenic pressures, and typology of MPs. It is advised that future research on MP pollution in coastal lagoons should focus on methodological aspects, assessment/monitoring of pollution itself, MP dynamics and impacts, and prevention measures as part of a sound environmental management.
Topics: Humans; Microplastics; Plastics; Geologic Sediments; Ecosystem; Water; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Polyethylene
PubMed: 36240966
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120366 -
Dermatology Online Journal Jul 2021Periungual pyogenic granulomas are benign vascular tumors that present as painful, round, spontaneously bleeding lesions composed of rapidly proliferating capillaries...
Periungual pyogenic granulomas are benign vascular tumors that present as painful, round, spontaneously bleeding lesions composed of rapidly proliferating capillaries and excess tissue. The vast majority of pyogenic granulomas are caused by physical trauma or infectious agents and they may resolve spontaneously. Herein, we highlight a very rare case of periungual pyogenic granulomas induced by the regularly prescribed oral retinoid acitretin during treatment for congenital palmoplantar keratoderma. This unique case showed that it is feasible to continue acitretin therapy in the presence of pyogenic granuloma development if proper dose reduction and topical therapies are utilized. The patient's lesions resolved within two weeks of this protocol's initiation and the pyogenic granulomas did not recur over the course of a six-month follow-up observation period. In addition, we performed a systematic review of the literature using PubMed databases for the clinical features and treatments in other reported acitretin-induced pyogenic granuloma cases; we compiled a comprehensive list of other prescription drugs known to cause pyogenic granulomas up-to-date.
Topics: Acitretin; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clobetasol; Glucocorticoids; Granuloma, Pyogenic; Humans; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar; Keratolytic Agents; Male; Mupirocin; Nail Diseases
PubMed: 34391333
DOI: 10.5070/D327754369 -
Drug Safety Nov 2022Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare but serious adverse event that can progress to acute liver failure (ALF). The evidence for treatment of DILI in children is...
INTRODUCTION
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare but serious adverse event that can progress to acute liver failure (ALF). The evidence for treatment of DILI in children is scarce.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to comprehensively review the available literature on the therapies for both acetaminophen overdose (APAP) and idiosyncratic DILI in the paediatric population.
METHODS
We included original articles conducted in a paediatric population (< 18 years) in which a therapeutic intervention was described to manage APAP or idiosyncratic DILI. Findings were summarized based on age groups (preterm newborn neonates, term and post-term neonates, infants, children and adolescents).
RESULTS
Overall, 25 publications (fifteen case reports, six case series and four retrospective cohort studies) were included, including a total of 140 paediatric DILI cases, from preterm newborn neonates to adolescents. N-acetylcysteine was used to treat 19 APAP cases. N-acetylcysteine (n = 14), ursodeoxycholic acid (n = 3), corticosteroids (n = 31), carnitine (n = 16) and the combination of glycyrrhizin, reduced glutathione, polyene phosphatidylcholine and S-adenosylmethionine (n = 31) were the therapeutic options for treating idiosyncratic DILI. The molecular adsorbent recirculating system was used in the management of either APAP (n = 4) or idiosyncratic DILI (n = 2), while 20 paediatric ALF cases received continuous renal replacement therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review identified DILI in the paediatric population who have received specific treatment. These interventions appear to be mainly extrapolated from low-quality evidence from the adult population. Thus, there is a need for high-quality studies to test the efficacy of known and novel therapies to treat DILI specifically addressed to the paediatric population. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021214702.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Carnitine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Glutathione; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Liver; Liver Failure, Acute; Retrospective Studies; S-Adenosylmethionine; Ursodeoxycholic Acid
PubMed: 36006605
DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01224-w -
The American Journal of Clinical... Feb 2016The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress, but evidence has not... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress, but evidence has not systematically been evaluated.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to evaluate systematically the effects of lutein (intake or concentrations) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages.
DESIGN
This is a systematic review with meta-analysis of literature published in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar up to August 2014. Included were trials and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in which the association between lutein concentrations, dietary intake, or supplements and cardiometabolic outcomes was reported. Two independent investigators reviewed the articles.
RESULTS
Seventy-one relevant articles were identified that included a total of 387,569 participants. Only 1 article investigated the effects of lutein during pregnancy, and 3 studied lutein in children. Furthermore, 31 longitudinal, 33 cross-sectional, and 3 intervention studies were conducted in adults. Meta-analysis showed a lower risk of coronary heart disease (pooled RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.98) and stroke (pooled RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.93) for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of lutein blood concentration or intake. There was no significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (pooled RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.22), but higher lutein was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (pooled RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.92) for the highest compared with the lowest tertile. The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers, but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure, adiposity, insulin resistance, and blood lipids.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health. However, evidence mainly comes from observational studies in adults, whereas large-scale intervention studies and studies of lutein during pregnancy and childhood are scarce.
Topics: Age Factors; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotenoids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Evidence-Based Medicine; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Humans; Lutein; Metabolic Syndrome; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26762372
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.120931 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2017Micronutrient deficiencies are common among adults living with HIV disease, particularly in low-income settings where the diet may be low in essential vitamins and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Micronutrient deficiencies are common among adults living with HIV disease, particularly in low-income settings where the diet may be low in essential vitamins and minerals. Some micronutrients play critical roles in maintenance of the immune system, and routine supplementation could therefore be beneficial. This is an update of a Cochrane Review previously published in 2010.
OBJECTIVES
To assess whether micronutrient supplements are effective and safe in reducing mortality and HIV-related morbidity of HIV-positive adults (excluding pregnant women).
SEARCH METHODS
We performed literature searches from January 2010 to 18 November 2016 for new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of micronutrient supplements since the previous review included all trials identified from searches prior to 2010. We searched the CENTRAL (the Cochrane Library), Embase, and PubMed databases. Also we checked the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and the ClinicalTrials.gov trials registers. We also checked the reference lists of all new included trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included RCTs that compared supplements that contained either single, dual, or multiple micronutrients with placebo, no treatment, or other supplements. We excluded studies that were primarily designed to investigate the role of micronutrients for the treatment of HIV-positive participants with metabolic morbidity related to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, morbidity, and disease progression.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, and appraised trial quality for risk of bias. Where possible, we presented results as risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous variables, as hazard ratios (HRs) for time-to-event data, and as mean differences (MD) for continuous variables, each with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Since we were often unable to pool the outcome data, we tabulated it for each comparison. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 33 trials with 10,325 participants, of which 17 trials were new trials. Ten trials compared a daily multiple micronutrient supplement to placebo in doses up to 20 times the dietary reference intake, and one trial compared a daily standard dose with a high daily dose of multivitamins. Nineteen trials compared supplementation with single or dual micronutrients (such as vitamins A and D, zinc, and selenium) to placebo, and three trials compared different dosages or combinations of micronutrients. Multiple micronutrientsWe conducted analyses across antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive adults (3 trials, 1448 participants), adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (1 trial, 400 participants), and ART-naive adults with concurrent active tuberculosis (3 trials, 1429 participants). Routine multiple micronutrient supplementation may have little or no effect on mortality in adults living with HIV (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.15; 7 trials, 2897 participants, low certainty evidence).Routine supplementation for up to two years may have little or no effect on the average of mean CD4+ cell count (MD 26.40 cells/mm³, 95% CI -22.91 to 75.70; 6 trials, 1581 participants, low certainty evidence), or the average of mean viral load (MD -0.1 logviral copies, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.06; 4 trials, 840 participants, moderate certainty evidence). One additional trial in ART-naïve adults did report an increase in the time to reach a CD4+ cell count < 250 cells/mm³ after two years of high dose supplementation in Botswana (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.88; 1 trial, 439 participants). However, the trial authors reported this effect only in the trial arm that received multiple micronutrients plus selenium (not either supplementation alone), which is inconsistent with the findings of other trials that used similar combinations of micronutrients and selenium.In one additional trial that compared high-dose multiple micronutrient supplementation with standard doses in people on ART, peripheral neuropathy was lower with high dose supplements compared to standard dose (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.94; 1 trial, 3418 participants), but the trial was stopped early due to increased adverse events (elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels) in the high dose group. Single or dual micronutrientsNone of the trials of single or dual micronutrient supplements were adequately powered to assess for effects on mortality or morbidity outcomes. No clinically significant changes in CD4 cell count (data not pooled, 14 trials, 2370 participants, very low or low certainty evidence) or viral load (data not pooled, seven studies, 1334 participants, very low or low certainty evidence), were reported. Supplementation probably does increase blood concentrations of vitamin D and zinc (data not pooled, vitamin D: 4 trials, 299 participants, zinc: 4 trials, 484 participants, moderate certainty evidence) and may also increase blood concentrations of vitamin A (data not pooled, 3 trials, 495 participants, low certainty evidence), especially in those who are deficient.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The analyses of the available trials have not revealed consistent clinically important benefits with routine multiple micronutrient supplementation in people living with HIV. Larger trials might reveal small but important effects.These findings should not be interpreted as a reason to deny micronutrient supplements for people living with HIV where specific deficiencies are found or where the person's diet is insufficient to meet the recommended daily allowance of vitamins and minerals.
Topics: Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cause of Death; Child; Dietary Supplements; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; HIV-2; Hospitalization; Humans; Micronutrients; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Selenium; Viral Load; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Zinc; beta Carotene
PubMed: 28518221
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003650.pub4 -
Nutrients Nov 2017Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness, has been recognized as an important public health problem in many developing countries.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness, has been recognized as an important public health problem in many developing countries. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to identify all population-based studies of VAD and marginal VAD (MVAD) in Chinese children published from 1990 onwards. Hierarchical Bayesian meta-regressions were performed to examine the effects of age, sex, setting and year on the prevalence of VAD and MVAD, separately. The estimated prevalence was applied to the Chinese pediatric population in the year 2015 to generate prevalence estimates of VAD and MVAD for defined age groups, with 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Fifty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of VAD and MVAD both decreased with increasing age, and rural children had a higher prevalence of VAD and MVAD than urban children. In 2015, the prevalence of VAD was 5.16% (95% CrI: 1.95-12.64) and that of MVAD was 24.29% (95% CrI: 12.69-41.27) in Chinese children aged 12 years and under. VAD remains a public health problem in China. Efforts to reduce VAD in younger children are needed, especially for those in rural areas.
Topics: Asian People; Bayes Theorem; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Humans; Infant; Prevalence; Rural Population; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency
PubMed: 29186832
DOI: 10.3390/nu9121285 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety May 2023The absorption and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) within the human body can be influenced by the status of certain micronutrients, while available evidence for the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The absorption and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) within the human body can be influenced by the status of certain micronutrients, while available evidence for the association between micronutrient exposure and Cd body burden remains fragmented and inconsistent. To address this issue, this article reviews and synthesizes epidemiological studies that examine the association between micronutrient exposure and Cd burden in humans, to elucidate the potential association between micronutrient exposure and Cd body burden.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of epidemiologic studies reporting the association between micronutrient status and Cd body burden among the population. Relevant articles were selected based on predetermined criteria from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases published from 2000 to 2021. The exposures that were evaluated included micronutrients (zinc, selenium, iron, calcium, and vitamins) status or intakes of them. The outcome of interest was the Cd body burden as indicated by blood Cd or urinary Cd levels. The quality of included studies was assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. We extracted data from each article, including study design, study site, study population, micronutrient status, Cd body burden, and the correlations between micronutrient status and Cd body burden.
RESULTS
Our systematic search yielded 1660 articles. Of these, forty-four were selected for inclusion based on prespecified criteria. These selected articles evaluated the relationship between Cd body burden and seven different micronutrients, namely, selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), vitamin A, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. The majority of studies (n = 41) were observational, while only three were randomized controlled trials. Among the seventeen studies assessing Zn status, ten reported a negative association between serum Zn levels or intake and urinary and blood Cd levels. Results were inconsistent among the ten studies examining the association between Se levels and Cd body burden. Six studies showed that Cd in blood and urine was negatively correlated with serum ferritin (SF), a biomarker of body Fe status. Two studies reported a negative correlation between Ca and blood Cd.
CONCLUSIONS
This synthesis of available evidence suggests that certain micronutrients, especially Zn and Fe, may play a role in reducing the Cd body burden among populations. The evidence strongly supports a negative association between Zn, Fe, and Cd body burden, whereas evidence for Se, Ca and vitamins is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions regarding their relationship with Cd body burden. In addition, observational studies limit the ability to infer a causal relationship between micronutrients and Cd body burden, highlighting the need for additional intervention studies. Our review may inform nutrient supplementation guidance, control of Cd body burden, and future research to mitigate the adverse health effects of Cd in the context of global Cd pollution.
Topics: Humans; Micronutrients; Cadmium; Selenium; Calcium; Body Burden; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Zinc; Trace Elements; Iron
PubMed: 37060803
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114878