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The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2017The aim of our scoping review was to summarize the state of the art regarding micronutrients in order to identify which of them might effectively improve health status... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of our scoping review was to summarize the state of the art regarding micronutrients in order to identify which of them might effectively improve health status in the areas typically impaired in older people: bone, skeletal muscle, and cognitive function.
DESIGN
Scoping review.
METHODS
The Italian Study Group on Healthy Aging by Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements (HANDS) performed this scoping review, based on the following steps: doing a list of micronutrients related with musculoskeletal or cognitive functions, included in dietary supplements and nutraceuticals commercialized in Italy; planning a research on PubMed, according to an evidence-based approach, in order to the most relevant positive study for each micronutrient into each of the three areas involved (bone, skeletal muscle and cognitive function); identifying the micronutrients effective in maintaining or achieving an adequate health status in older people, specifying the effective and safe daily doses, according to the selected studies.
RESULTS
In literature we found 12 relevant positive studies (1 international society guidelines/recommendations, 1 systematic review, 7 randomized controlled trials, and 3 prospective cohort studies). We showed that only 16 micronutrients resulted to have appropriate scientific evidences in terms of improving musculoskeletal health and/or cognitive function in older people: beta-alanine, calcium, creatine, fluorides, leucine, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, potassium, vitamin B6, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K2, and zinc.
CONCLUSION
This scoping review showed that selected micronutrients in adequate doses might have an ancillary role in musculoskeletal health and cognitive functions in older people.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Bone and Bones; Calcium, Dietary; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fluorides; Humans; Italy; Magnesium; Micronutrients; Muscle, Skeletal; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Potassium; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Zinc
PubMed: 28448083
DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0823-x -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Jun 2018This systematic review and Meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of calcium sodium phos-phosilicate (CSPS) and potassium nitrate as desensitizing agents for the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and Meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of calcium sodium phos-phosilicate (CSPS) and potassium nitrate as desensitizing agents for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH).
METHODS
A thorough search in The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Chinese WanFang Data, CBM, and CNKI were conducted for studies published up to June 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the treatment of DH with CSPS and potassium nitrate toothpaste were included. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently, and Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.
RESULTS
Eight RCTs involving 411 patients were included. Experimental group comprised 203 and control group had 208 patients. The Meta-analysis indicated the superior effect of CSPS dentifrice on air blast sensitivity at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of follow-up [SMD=-1.85, 95%CI (-2.89, -0.81), P=0.000 5, I²=93%], [SMD=-1.61, 95%CI (-1.96, -1.26), P<0.000 01, I²=49%], [SMD=-3.79, 95%CI (-7.18, -0.40), P=0.03, I²=98%], and [SMD=-2.13, 95%CI (-2.69, -1.58), P<0.000 01] , respectively. No significant effects were seen at 12 weeks [SMD=-0.63, 95%CI (-1.47, 0.20), P=0.14, I²=71%]. CSPS dentifrice showed a better desensitizing effect at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks of follow-up on cold water sensitivity [SMD=-1.07, 95%CI (-1.48, -0.66), P<0.000 01, I²=69%], [SMD= -1.29, 95%CI (-1.81, -0.76), P<0.000 01, I²=64%], [SMD=-1.20, 95%CI (-1.57, -0.83), P<0.000 01, I²=86%], [SMD=-1.30, 95%CI (-2.51, -0.08), P=0.04, I²=82%], and [SMD=-0.79, 95%CI (-1.27, -0.31), P=0.001], respectively. No significant effects at 1 week of follow-up [SMD=0.00, 95%CI (-0.62, 0.62), P=1]. The favorable effect of CSPS dentifrice on tactile sensitivity was more obvious than the control group at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of follow-up [SMD=-1.31, 95%CI (-2.00, -0.62), P=0.000 2, I²=67%], [SMD=-1.37, 95%CI (-1.74, -0.99), P<0.000 01, I²=23%], and [SMD=-1.33, 95%CI (-1.82,-0.84), P<0.000 01], respectively. No significant effects at 1 week of follow-up [SMD=-0.32, 95%CI (-0.94, 0.31), P=0.32] were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence indicated that CSPS was more effective than potassium nitrate at reducing DH. The evidence generated by this review was based on a small number of individuals. High-quality and large sample size as well as ideally-designed clinical trials are required in the future before definitive recommendations can be made.
Topics: Calcium; Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Dentin Sensitivity; Glass; Humans; Nitrates; Potassium Compounds; Sodium; Toothpastes
PubMed: 29984933
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.03.014 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2018Iodine deficiency is the main cause of potentially preventable mental retardation in childhood, as well as causing goitre and hypothyroidism in people of all ages. It is...
BACKGROUND
Iodine deficiency is the main cause of potentially preventable mental retardation in childhood, as well as causing goitre and hypothyroidism in people of all ages. It is still prevalent in large parts of the world.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of iodine supplementation overall, and of different forms and dosages of iodine supplementation separately, in the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders in children.
SEARCH METHODS
The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and reference lists, databases of ongoing trials and the Internet were searched.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials and prospective controlled trials not using randomisation of iodine supplementation in children living in areas of iodine deficiency.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers did the initial data selection and quality assessment of trials independently. As the studies identified were not sufficiently similar and not of sufficient quality, we did not do a meta-analysis but summarised the data in a narrative format.
MAIN RESULTS
Twenty-six prospective controlled trials were related to our question, assessing a total of 29613 children. Twenty of them were classified as being of low quality, six of moderate quality. Most studies used iodised oil as a supplement, but other supplements were also used. The intervention groups were compared to a non-supplemented control group, different doses or different forms of iodine supplementation.There was a clear tendency towards goitre reduction with iodine supplementation; this was significant in several studies. Significant differences in physical development were not seen, except in one study. Results for differences in cognitive and psychomotor measures were mixed, with only few studies showing a positive intervention effect. One study suggested that infant mortality was lowered after iodine supplementation.Most studies showed a significant increase in urinary iodine excretion and levels recommended by the WHO were reached in most cases after supplementation. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were significantly reduced in one study. In 1.8% of the children investigated, adverse effects were found, most of them were minor and transient.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Despite most of the included studies being of low quality, the results suggest that iodine supplementation, especially iodised oil, is an effective means of decreasing goitre rates and improving iodine status in children. Indications of positive effects on physical and mental development and mortality were seen, although results were not always significant. Adverse effects were generally minor and transient. Insufficient evidence was available on non-oil supplements. High quality controlled studies investigating relevant long term outcome measures are needed to address the question of the best form of iodine supplementation in different population groups and settings.
Topics: Child; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Dietary Supplements; Goiter; Humans; Iodates; Iodine; Iodized Oil; Myxedema; Potassium Compounds; Potassium Iodide; Sodium Chloride, Dietary
PubMed: 30489630
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003819.pub3 -
Australian Dental Journal Mar 2020A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of adding potassium nitrate to carbamide peroxide gels on bleaching efficacy and on reducing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of adding potassium nitrate to carbamide peroxide gels on bleaching efficacy and on reducing the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, and Cochrane Library databases and the gray literature were searched. IADR abstracts, records of trials, dissertations and theses were also searched. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies.
RESULTS
Six studies were included in the systematic review and most of them had unclear risk of bias for the key domains, and of these only five were included in the meta-analysis. The risk ratio (RR) for sensitivity was 0.93 (95% CI = 0.73 to 1.19, P = 0.56). The standardized mean difference for pain intensity was -0.10 (95% CI = -0.36 to 0.16, P = 0.45), and for colour change was 0.12 (95% CI = -0.22 to 0.46; P = 0.49).
CONCLUSIONS
No significant differences were observed between the groups with and without addition of the desensitizer in the gel. The addition of potassium nitrate to carbamide peroxide gel did not reduce the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity during at-home bleaching. Colour change was not influenced by the addition of potassium nitrate to the gel.
Topics: Carbamide Peroxide; Dentin Sensitivity; Gels; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Nitrates; Peroxides; Potassium Compounds; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Bleaching Agents; Urea
PubMed: 31765021
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12739 -
Journal of the American Heart... Jan 2020Background Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of epilepsy-related death. SUDEP shares many features with sudden cardiac death and sudden...
Background Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of epilepsy-related death. SUDEP shares many features with sudden cardiac death and sudden unexplained death in the young and may have a similar genetic contribution. We aim to systematically review the literature on the genetics of SUDEP. Methods and Results PubMed, MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, Ovid Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus were searched through April 4, 2017. English language human studies analyzing SUDEP for known sudden death, ion channel and arrhythmia-related pathogenic variants, novel variant discovery, and copy number variant analyses were included. Aggregate descriptive statistics were generated; data were insufficient for meta-analysis. A total of 8 studies with 161 unique individuals were included; mean was age 29.0 (±SD 14.2) years; 61% males; ECG data were reported in 7.5% of cases; 50.7% were found prone and 58% of deaths were nocturnal. Cause included all types of epilepsy. Antemortem diagnosis of Dravet syndrome and autism (with duplication of chromosome 15) was associated with 11% and 9% of cases. The most frequently detected known pathogenic variants at postmortem were in Na and K ion channel subunits, as were novel potentially pathogenic variants (11%). Overall, the majority of variants were of unknown significance. Analysis of copy number variant was insignificant. Conclusions SUDEP case adjudication and evaluation remains limited largely because of crucial missing data such as ECGs. The most frequent pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants identified by molecular autopsy are in ion channel or arrhythmia-related genes, with an ≈11% discovery rate. Comprehensive postmortem examination should include examination of the heart and brain by specialized pathologists and blood storage.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Child; Child, Preschool; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Epilepsy; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Potassium Channels; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sodium Channels; Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy; Young Adult
PubMed: 31865891
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012264 -
Kidney360 Mar 2022Previous studies have reported that sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2is) affect levels of serum electrolytes, especially magnesium. This study... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comparative Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Serum Electrolyte Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pairwise and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported that sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2is) affect levels of serum electrolytes, especially magnesium. This study aimed to integrate direct and indirect trial evidence to maximize statistical power to clarify their overall and comparative effects in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to January 2021 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SGLT2is that reported mean changes in serum electrolytes, including magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphate, and calcium. We performed both random-effects pairwise and network meta-analyses to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
In total, we included 25 RCTs involving 28,269 patients with T2D and 6 SGLT2is. Compared with placebo, SGLT2is were significantly associated with elevations in serum magnesium by 0.07 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.08 mmol/L) and serum phosphate by 0.03 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.04 mmol/L). Our network meta-analysis showed no evidence of significantly superior efficacy of any specific SGLT2 inhibitor over the others, although dapagliflozin was associated with a larger increment in serum magnesium (WMD=0.16 mmol/L) compared with other SGLT2is. Similarly, no statistically detectable differences among the effects of SGLT2is on serum levels of other electrolytes were detected.
CONCLUSIONS
SGLT2is significantly increased serum magnesium and phosphate levels, consistent with a class effect of SGLT2 inhibition. However, further investigations of long-term efficacy and safety in patients with T2D with different clinical phenotypes are needed.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrolytes; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Magnesium; Network Meta-Analysis; Phosphates; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sodium; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
PubMed: 35582188
DOI: 10.34067/KID.0006672021 -
BMC Bioinformatics Nov 2019Biologically data-driven networks have become powerful analytical tools that handle massive, heterogeneous datasets generated from biomedical fields. Protein-protein...
An integrative methodology based on protein-protein interaction networks for identification and functional annotation of disease-relevant genes applied to channelopathies.
BACKGROUND
Biologically data-driven networks have become powerful analytical tools that handle massive, heterogeneous datasets generated from biomedical fields. Protein-protein interaction networks can identify the most relevant structures directly tied to biological functions. Functional enrichments can then be performed based on these structural aspects of gene relationships for the study of channelopathies. Channelopathies refer to a complex group of disorders resulting from dysfunctional ion channels with distinct polygenic manifestations. This study presents a semi-automatic workflow using protein-protein interaction networks that can identify the most relevant genes and their biological processes and pathways in channelopathies to better understand their etiopathogenesis. In addition, the clinical manifestations that are strongly associated with these genes are also identified as the most characteristic in this complex group of diseases.
RESULTS
In particular, a set of nine representative disease-related genes was detected, these being the most significant genes in relation to their roles in channelopathies. In this way we attested the implication of some voltage-gated sodium (SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN4A, SCN4B, SCN5A, SCN9A) and potassium (KCNQ2, KCNH2) channels in cardiovascular diseases, epilepsies, febrile seizures, headache disorders, neuromuscular, neurodegenerative diseases or neurobehavioral manifestations. We also revealed the role of Ankyrin-G (ANK3) in the neurodegenerative and neurobehavioral disorders as well as the implication of these genes in other systems, such as the immunological or endocrine systems.
CONCLUSIONS
This research provides a systems biology approach to extract information from interaction networks of gene expression. We show how large-scale computational integration of heterogeneous datasets, PPI network analyses, functional databases and published literature may support the detection and assessment of possible potential therapeutic targets in the disease. Applying our workflow makes it feasible to spot the most relevant genes and unknown relationships in channelopathies and shows its potential as a first-step approach to identify both genes and functional interactions in clinical-knowledge scenarios of target diseases.
METHODS
An initial gene pool is previously defined by searching general databases under a specific semantic framework. From the resulting interaction network, a subset of genes are identified as the most relevant through the workflow that includes centrality measures and other filtering and enrichment databases.
Topics: Channelopathies; Databases, Genetic; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Protein Interaction Maps
PubMed: 31718537
DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3162-1 -
Medicine Sep 2015The presence of parietal cell antibody (PCA) in serum is a biomarker of autoimmune gastritis. PCA directly recognizes the H/K ATPase expressed in parietal cells, which... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The presence of parietal cell antibody (PCA) in serum is a biomarker of autoimmune gastritis. PCA directly recognizes the H/K ATPase expressed in parietal cells, which is responsible for the active transport of hydrogen ions in exchange for potassium ions to increase the acidity of gastric secretions. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mainly results from pancreatic β-cell destruction due to cell-type specific autoimmunity. Considering autoimmune factors may be the common characteristics of both PCA positivity and T1DM, it is likely that both disorders may coexist within the same patient. The main objective of this meta-analysis is to provide a reliable evaluation to clarify the association between PCA positivity and T1DM by combining the raw data from all of the relevant studies.Literature databases, including the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science, were systematically queried for studies investigating the association between PCA positivity and T1DM and were published from January 1980 to December 2014. A total of 3,584 T1DM cases and 2,650 non-T1DM controls were included in this meta-analysis, which showed that PCA positivity was more prevalent in patients with T1DM than healthy controls. Publication bias testing found no significant biases and sensitivity analysis demonstrated that our statistics were relatively stable and credible.Our findings suggested that T1DM was associated with an increased risk of PCA positivity compared to control populations.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Biological Transport, Active; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase; Humans; Parietal Cells, Gastric; Potassium; Prevalence; Protons
PubMed: 26402802
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001440