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BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) May 2022To investigate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse outcomes of pregnancy after adjustment for at least minimal confounding factors. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse outcomes of pregnancy after adjustment for at least minimal confounding factors.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from 1 January 1990 to 1 November 2021.
REVIEW METHODS
Cohort studies and control arms of trials reporting complications of pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus were eligible for inclusion. Based on the use of insulin, studies were divided into three subgroups: no insulin use (patients never used insulin during the course of the disease), insulin use (different proportions of patients were treated with insulin), and insulin use not reported. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the status of the country (developed or developing), quality of the study, diagnostic criteria, and screening method. Meta-regression models were applied based on the proportion of patients who had received insulin.
RESULTS
156 studies with 7 506 061 pregnancies were included, and 50 (32.1%) showed a low or medium risk of bias. In studies with no insulin use, when adjusted for confounders, women with gestational diabetes mellitus had increased odds of caesarean section (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.32), preterm delivery (1.51, 1.26 to 1.80), low one minute Apgar score (1.43, 1.01 to 2.03), macrosomia (1.70, 1.23 to 2.36), and infant born large for gestational age (1.57, 1.25 to 1.97). In studies with insulin use, when adjusted for confounders, the odds of having an infant large for gestational age (odds ratio 1.61, 1.09 to 2.37), or with respiratory distress syndrome (1.57, 1.19 to 2.08) or neonatal jaundice (1.28, 1.02 to 1.62), or requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (2.29, 1.59 to 3.31), were higher in women with gestational diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes. No clear evidence was found for differences in the odds of instrumental delivery, shoulder dystocia, postpartum haemorrhage, stillbirth, neonatal death, low five minute Apgar score, low birth weight, and small for gestational age between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus after adjusting for confounders. Country status, adjustment for body mass index, and screening methods significantly contributed to heterogeneity between studies for several adverse outcomes of pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS
When adjusted for confounders, gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with pregnancy complications. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the adverse outcomes of pregnancy related to gestational diabetes mellitus. Future primary studies should routinely consider adjusting for a more complete set of prognostic factors.
REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021265837.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Insulin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 35613728
DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067946 -
Thyroid : Official Journal of the... Apr 2016The impact of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and of levothyroxine replacement in pregnant women with SCH is unclear. The aims of this study were to assess (i) the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The impact of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and of levothyroxine replacement in pregnant women with SCH is unclear. The aims of this study were to assess (i) the impact of SCH during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes, and (ii) the effect of levothyroxine replacement therapy in these patients.
METHODS
Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to January 2015. Randomized trials and cohort studies of pregnant women with SCH that examined adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were included. Reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality in duplicate. Eighteen cohort studies at low-to-moderate risk of bias were included. Compared with euthyroid pregnant women, pregnant women with SCH were at higher risk for pregnancy loss (relative risk [RR] 2.01 [confidence interval (CI) 1.66-2.44]), placental abruption (RR 2.14 [CI 1.23-3.70]), premature rupture of membranes (RR 1.43 [CI 1.04-1.95]), and neonatal death (RR 2.58 [CI 1.41-4.73]). One study at high risk of bias compared pregnant women with SCH who received levothyroxine to those who did not and found no significant decrease in the rate of pregnancy loss, preterm delivery, gestational hypertension, low birth weight, or low Apgar score.
CONCLUSIONS
SCH during pregnancy is associated with multiple adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The value of levothyroxine therapy in preventing these adverse outcomes remains uncertain.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Risk Assessment; Thyroxine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26837268
DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0418 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2021Understanding changes in oral flora during pregnancy, its association to maternal health, and its implications to birth outcomes is essential. We searched PubMed,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Understanding changes in oral flora during pregnancy, its association to maternal health, and its implications to birth outcomes is essential. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library in May 2020 (updated search in April and June 2021), and conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the followings: (1) oral microflora changes throughout pregnancy, (2) association between oral microorganisms during pregnancy and maternal oral/systemic conditions, and (3) implications of oral microorganisms during pregnancy on birth outcomes. From 3983 records, 78 studies were included for qualitative assessment, and 13 studies were included in meta-analysis. The oral microflora remains relatively stable during pregnancy; however, pregnancy was associated with distinct composition/abundance of oral microorganisms when compared to postpartum/non-pregnant status. Oral microflora during pregnancy appears to be influenced by oral and systemic conditions (e.g. gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, etc.). Prenatal dental care reduced the carriage of oral pathogens (e.g. Streptococcus mutans). The Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque was more abundant in women with preterm birth. Given the results from meta-analyses were inconclusive since limited studies reported outcomes on the same measuring scale, more future studies are needed to elucidate the association between pregnancy oral microbiota and maternal oral/systemic health and birth outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth; Periodontal Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Publication Bias; Risk
PubMed: 34413437
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96495-1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022Pregestational type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with increased rates of adverse maternal and... (Review)
Review
Pregestational type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with increased rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Adverse outcomes are more common in women with pregestational diabetes compared to GDM; although, conflicting results have been reported. This systematic review aims to summarise and synthesise studies that have compared adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnancies complicated by pregestational diabetes and GDM. Three databases, Pubmed, EBSCOhost and Scopus were searched to identify studies that compared adverse outcomes in pregnancies complicated by pregestational T1DM and T2DM, and GDM. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and are included in this systematic review. Thirteen pregnancy outcomes including caesarean section, preterm birth, congenital anomalies, pre-eclampsia, neonatal hypoglycaemia, macrosomia, neonatal intensive care unit admission, stillbirth, Apgar score, large for gestational age, induction of labour, respiratory distress syndrome and miscarriages were compared. Findings from this review confirm that pregestational diabetes is associated with more frequent pregnancy complications than GDM. Taken together, this review highlights the risks posed by all types of maternal diabetes and the need to improve care and educate women on the importance of maintaining optimal glycaemic control to mitigate these risks.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth
PubMed: 36078559
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710846 -
Human Reproduction Update Mar 2019Early reproductive failure is the most common complication of pregnancy with only 30% of conceptions reaching live birth. Establishing a successful pregnancy depends... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Early reproductive failure is the most common complication of pregnancy with only 30% of conceptions reaching live birth. Establishing a successful pregnancy depends upon implantation, a complex process involving interactions between the endometrium and the blastocyst. It is estimated that embryos account for one-third of implantation failures, while suboptimal endometrial receptivity and altered embryo-endometrial dialogue are responsible for the remaining two-thirds. Endometrial receptivity has been the focus of extensive research for over 80 years, leading to an indepth understanding of the processes associated with embryo-endometrial cross-talk and implantation. However, little progress has been achieved to translate this understanding into clinically meaningful prognostic tests and treatments for suboptimal endometrial receptivity.
OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the evidence from observational studies supporting the use of endometrial receptivity markers as prognostic factors for pregnancy outcome in women wishing to conceive, in order to aid clinicians in choosing the most useful marker in clinical practice and for informing further research.
SEARCH METHODS
The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017077891). MEDLINE and Embase were searched for observational studies published from inception until 26 February 2018. We included studies that measured potential markers of endometrial receptivity prior to pregnancy attempts and reported the subsequent pregnancy outcomes. We performed association and accuracy analyses using clinical pregnancy as an outcome to reflect the presence of receptive endometrium. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies was employed to assess the quality of the included studies.
OUTCOMES
We included 163 studies (88 834 women) of moderate overall quality in the narrative synthesis, out of which 96 were included in the meta-analyses. Studies reported on various endometrial receptivity markers evaluated by ultrasound, endometrial biopsy, endometrial fluid aspirate and hysteroscopy in the context of natural conception, IUI and IVF. Associations were identified between clinical pregnancy and various endometrial receptivity markers (endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern, Doppler indices, endometrial wave-like activity and various molecules); however, their poor ability to predict clinical pregnancy prevents them from being used in clinical practice. Results from several modern molecular tests are promising and further data are awaited.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS
The post-test probabilities from our analyses may be used in clinical practice to manage couples' expectations during fertility treatments (IUI and IVF). Conventionally, endometrial receptivity is seen as a dichotomous outcome (present or absent), but we propose that various levels of endometrial receptivity exist within the window of implantation. For instance, different transcriptomic signatures could represent varying levels of endometrial receptivity, which can be linked to different pregnancy outcomes. Many studies reported the means of a particular biomarker in those who achieved a pregnancy compared with those who did not. However, extreme values of a biomarker (as opposite to the means) may have significant prognostic and diagnostic implications that are not captured in the means. Therefore, we suggest reporting the outcomes by categories of biomarker levels rather than reporting means of biomarker levels within clinical outcome groups.
Topics: Biomarkers; Embryo Implantation; Endometrium; Female; Fertility; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; Hysteroscopy; Live Birth; Observational Studies as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Multiple
PubMed: 30624659
DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy044 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Mar 2023To analyze outcomes of singleton pregnancies with idiopathic polyhydramnios through a systematic review and meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To analyze outcomes of singleton pregnancies with idiopathic polyhydramnios through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, OVID, EBSCO, Cochrane collection and Science Citation Index, were searched from 1946 to 2019. Gray literature and tables of contents of relevant journals were also screened. Prospective and retrospective studies with a control group were included. Two authors independently reviewed the abstracts retrieved from the literature search. Inclusion criteria were: studies documented in English, singleton pregnancy and idiopathic polyhydramnios determined by amniotic fluid volume assessment on ultrasound. Exclusion criteria were: maternal diabetes, fetal structural or chromosomal anomaly, alloimmunization and intrauterine fetal infection.
RESULTS
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, giving a total of 2392 patients with idiopathic polyhydramnios and 160 135 patients with normal amniotic fluid volume. Pregnancies complicated by idiopathic polyhydramnios were at a higher risk of neonatal death (odds ratio (OR), 8.68 (95% CI, 2.91-25.87)), intrauterine fetal demise (OR, 7.64 (95% CI, 2.50-23.38)), neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR, 1.94 (95% CI, 1.45-2.59)), 5-min Apgar score < 7 (OR, 2.21 (95% CI, 1.34-3.62)), macrosomia (OR, 2.93 (95% CI, 2.39-3.59)), malpresentation (OR, 2.73 (95% CI, 2.06-3.61)) and Cesarean delivery (OR, 2.31 (95% CI, 1.79-2.99)).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that pregnancies complicated by idiopathic polyhydramnios are at increased risk of adverse outcome. Future investigations should aim to determine an amniotic fluid volume threshold above which antenatal fetal surveillance is appropriate in the management of these pregnancies. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Polyhydramnios; Pregnancy Outcome; Retrospective Studies; Prospective Studies; Amniotic Fluid
PubMed: 35723677
DOI: 10.1002/uog.24973 -
Autoimmunity Reviews Oct 2021To identify and assess the magnitude of effect of pregnancy outcome predictors in women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by means of systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify and assess the magnitude of effect of pregnancy outcome predictors in women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by means of systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
PubMed and Embase were searched (13th June 2020) for studies reporting on pre-pregnancy risk factors of pregnancy outcomes in APS patients. Literature screening and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently, in a blinded standardized manner. Pooled univariate odds ratios (OR) were computed using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I%.
RESULTS
The search yielded 3013 unique results; 27 records were included in this meta-analysis. Previous thrombosis was associated with a decreased live birth risk (OR 0.60, p < 0.01, I = 40%), increased neonatal mortality (OR 15.19, p < 0.01, I = 0%), an increased risk of antenatal or postpartum thrombosis (OR 6.26, p < 0.01, I = 0%) and an increased risk of delivering a small for gestational age neonate (SGA) (OR 2.60, p = 0.01, I = 0%). Patients with an APS laboratory category I (double or triple positivity) profile had a decreased live birth risk (OR 0.66, p < 0.01, I = 0%), an increased risk of SGA (OR 1.86, p = 0.01, I = 43%) and preterm birth (OR 1.35, p < 0.01, I = 49%). Triple positivity was associated with a decreased live birth risk (OR 0.33, p < 0.01, I = 68%), an increased risk of preeclampsia (OR 2.43, p = 0.02, I = 35%) and SGA (OR 2.47, p = 0.04, I = 61%). Patients with lupus anticoagulant positivity had an increased risk of preeclampsia (OR 2.10, p = 0.02, I = 48%), SGA (OR 1.78, p < 0.01, I = 0%) and preterm birth (OR 3.56, p = 0.01, I = 48%). Risk of bias assessment suggested considerable bias on study participation and statistical methods.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this meta-analysis identified previous thrombosis, laboratory category I, triple positivity and lupus anticoagulant positivity as the most important predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This up-to-date knowledge, can be used in preconception counseling and tailoring of obstetric care.
Topics: Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth
PubMed: 34280554
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102901 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Jan 2022Biologics are used routinely in pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but large-scale data reporting adverse pregnancy outcomes among biologic users are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Biologics are used routinely in pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but large-scale data reporting adverse pregnancy outcomes among biologic users are lacking. We sought to estimate the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with IBD on biologic therapies.
METHODS
We searched major databases from inception to June 2020 for studies estimating the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in IBD when using biologics (anti-tumor necrosis factor [TNF], anti-integrins, and anticytokines). Prevalence and relative risk (RR) were pooled using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Forty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis comprising 6963 patients. Biologic therapy in IBD pregnancies was associated with a pooled prevalence of 8% (95% CI, 6%-10%; I = 87.4%) for early pregnancy loss, 9% (95% CI, 7%-11%; I = 89.9%) for preterm birth, 0% (95% CI, 0%-0%; I = 0%) for stillbirth, 8% (95% CI, 5%-10%; I = 87.0%) for low birth weight, and 1% (95% CI, 1%-2%; I = 78.3%) for congenital malformations. These rates are comparable with those published in the general population. In subgroup analyses of a small number of studies, the prevalence of early pregnancy loss and preterm birth were higher in vedolizumab vs anti-TNF users. Meta-regression did not show an association of disease activity or concomitant thiopurine on adverse outcomes. Continued TNF inhibitor use during the third trimester was not associated with risk of preterm birth (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.77-2.60; I = 0%), low birth weight (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.80-2.18; I = 0%), or congenital malformations (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.47-3.49; I = 0%).
CONCLUSIONS
Adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant IBD women using biologics are comparable with that of the general population. PROSPERO protocol #CRD42019135721.
Topics: Biological Products; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
PubMed: 32931960
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.021 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Feb 2018To explore the outcome in women managed expectantly following the diagnosis of Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To explore the outcome in women managed expectantly following the diagnosis of Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).
METHODS
An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed utilizing combinations of relevant medical subject headings for 'Cesarean scar pregnancy' and 'outcome'. Reference lists of relevant articles and reviews were hand-searched for additional reports. Observed outcomes included: severe first-trimester vaginal bleeding; clinical symptoms (abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding) requiring treatment; uncomplicated miscarriage; complicated miscarriage requiring intervention; first- or second-trimester uterine rupture or hysterectomy; third-trimester bleeding, uterine rupture or hysterectomy; maternal death; incidence of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP); prevalence of placenta percreta; ultrasound signs suggestive of AIP; and live birth. Meta-analyses of proportions using a random-effects model were used to combine data. Cases were stratified based on the presence or absence of embryonic/fetal heart activity at the time of diagnosis.
RESULTS
A total of 17 studies (69 cases of CSP managed expectantly, 52 with and 17 without embryonic/fetal heart beat) were included. In women with CSP and embryonic/fetal heart activity, 13.0% (95% CI, 3.8-26.7%) experienced an uncomplicated miscarriage, while 20.0% (95% CI, 7.1-37.4%) required medical intervention. Uterine rupture during the first or second trimester of pregnancy occurred in 9.9% (95% CI, 2.9-20.4%) of cases, while hysterectomy was required in 15.2% (95% CI, 3.6-32.8%) of all cases. Forty (76.9% (95% CI, 65.4-86.5%)) women progressed to the third trimester of pregnancy, of whom 39.2% (95% CI, 15.4-66.2%) experienced severe bleeding. Finally, 74.8% (95% CI, 52.0-92.1%) had a surgical or pathological diagnosis of AIP at delivery and around two-thirds (69.7% (95% CI, 42.8-90.1%)) of them had placenta percreta. In women with CSP but no embryonic/fetal cardiac activity, an uncomplicated miscarriage occurred in 69.1% (95% CI, 47.4-87.1%) of cases, while surgical or medical intervention during or immediately after miscarriage was required in 30.9% (95% CI, 12.9-52.6%). Uterine rupture during the first trimester of pregnancy occurred in 13.4% (95% CI, 2.7-30.3%) of cases, but hysterectomy was not required in any case.
CONCLUSIONS
CSP with positive embryonic/fetal heart activity managed expectantly is associated with a high burden of maternal morbidity including severe hemorrhage, early uterine rupture, hysterectomy and severe AIP. Despite this, a significant proportion of pregnancies complicated by CSP may progress to, or close to, term, thus questioning whether termination of pregnancy should be the only therapeutic option offered to these women. Expectant management of CSP with no cardiac activity may be a reasonable option in view of the low likelihood of maternal complications requiring intervention, although close surveillance is advisable to avoid adverse maternal outcome. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Cesarean Section; Cicatrix; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Trimesters; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Uterine Rupture
PubMed: 28661021
DOI: 10.1002/uog.17568 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Apr 2017To evaluate adverse pregnancy outcomes in singleton pregnancies diagnosed with oligohydramnios through a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate adverse pregnancy outcomes in singleton pregnancies diagnosed with oligohydramnios through a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases via OVID, EBSCO, Web of Science, Google Scholar and others from 1980 to 2015. Prospective and retrospective studies with a control group were included. Two authors independently reviewed the abstracts from the literature search. Inclusion criteria were: studies in English, singleton pregnancy, normal fetal anatomy, intact membranes and oligohydramnios determined by the amniotic fluid index (AFI) technique. We stratified the meta-analysis into two groups according to risk: high risk including studies of oligohydramnios with comorbid conditions (e.g. hypertension) and low risk including studies of isolated oligohydramnios.
RESULTS
Fifteen trials met the inclusion criteria. Nine were high-risk and six were low-risk studies, including 8067 and 27 526 women, respectively. Compared with women with normal AFI, those with isolated oligohydramnios had significantly higher rates of an infant with meconium aspiration syndrome (relative risk (RR), 2.83; 95% CI, 1.38-5.77), Cesarean delivery for fetal distress (RR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.64-2.85) and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.20-2.42). Patients with oligohydramnios and comorbidities were more likely to have an infant with low birth weight (RR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.27-4.34). However, rates of 5-min Apgar score < 7 (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 0.69-4.96), NICU admission (RR, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.80-5.45), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.62-2.81) and Cesarean delivery for fetal distress (RR, 1.65; 95% CI, 0.81-3.36) were similar to those for women with normal AFI. Stillbirth rates were too low to analyze in the meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
This review helps to delineate which adverse outcomes are increased with oligohydramnios in low-risk pregnancy (NICU admission, Cesarean delivery for fetal distress and meconium aspiration syndrome), but does not provide enough data to determine the optimal timing of delivery in such cases. Oligohydramnios in complicated pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of delivery of an infant with low birth weight, but this may be confounded by the comorbid condition. Therefore, in high-risk pregnancy, management should be dictated by the comorbid condition and not the presence of oligohydramnios. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Topics: Birth Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Oligohydramnios; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome
PubMed: 27062200
DOI: 10.1002/uog.15929