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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease with an increasing prevalence. Presently there is no non-invasive method for differential diagnosis, and an efficient target therapy is lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are present in various body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. Proteins in EV are speculated to be involved in various processes of disease and reflect the original cells' physiological states and pathological conditions. This systematic review is based on urinary extracellular vesicles studies, which enrolled patients with DN and investigated the proteins in urinary EV. We systematically reviewed articles from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science databases, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database until January 4, 2022. The article quality was appraised according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). The methodology of samples, isolation and purification techniques of urinary EV, and characterization methods are summarized. Molecular functions, biological processes, and pathways were enriched in all retrievable urinary EV proteins. Protein-protein interaction analysis (PPI) revealed pathways of potential biomarkers. A total of 539 articles were retrieved, and 13 eligible records were enrolled in this systematic review and meta-analysis. And two studies performed mass spectrometry to obtain the proteome profile. Two of them enrolled only T1DM patients, two studies enrolled both patients with T1DM and T2DM, and other the nine studies focused on T2DM patients. In total 988 participants were enrolled, and DN was diagnosed according to UACR, UAER, or decreased GFR. Totally 579 urinary EV proteins were detected and 28 of them showed a potential value to be biomarkers. The results of bioinformatics analysis revealed that urinary EV may participate in DN through various pathways such as angiogenesis, biogenesis of EV, renin-angiotensin system, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, collagen degradation, and immune system. Besides that, it is necessary to report results compliant with the guideline of ISEV, in orderto assure repeatability and help for further studies. This systematic review concordance with previous studies and the results of meta-analysis may help to value the methodology details when urinary EV proteins were reported, and also help to deepen the understanding of urinary EV proteins in DN.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Proteome
PubMed: 36034457
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.866252 -
Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research 2019To evaluate the reported literature on the use of stem cells or growth factors for post extraction treatment of the alveolar bone. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the reported literature on the use of stem cells or growth factors for post extraction treatment of the alveolar bone.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A NCBI PubMed and PubMed Central databases search was conducted between September 2010 and August 2018, to identify animal or clinical studies reporting the clinical, radiographical and/or histological outcomes of socket preservation techniques after applying mesenchymal stem cells or growth factors. Only studies published in English language in the last 10 years were included in the study.
RESULTS
Eleven studies were identified fulfilling the inclusion criteria. They evaluate a total of 386 post extraction sockets. The main tested materials identified in the current review were bone morphogenetic protein-2 - 3 studies and mesenchymal stem cells - 3 studies. Other comparators were bone morphogenetic protein-9, platelet-derived growth factor-BB homodimers and bone marrow. Overall evaluation indicate positive results for all test groups showing differences in final socket width between 0.64 and 1.28 mm favouring the test groups. Histologically, no particular differences are detected between test and control groups. Most of the studies present low risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, the use of mesenchymal stem cells or bioactive osteogenic molecules favours bone regeneration after tooth extraction, as evaluated clinically, radiographically and histologically. However, specific differences that support particular recommendations are still unclear in light of the current published evidence. Future studies should include the standardization of the mesenchymal stem cells selection and purification as well as dosage and delivery methods of bioactive molecules.
PubMed: 31620269
DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2019.10307 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the available literature of production, purification, and characterization of proteases by endophytic fungi. There...
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the available literature of production, purification, and characterization of proteases by endophytic fungi. There are few complete studies that entirely exhibit the production, characterization, and purification of proteases from endophytic fungi. This study followed the PRISMA, and the search was conducted on five databases: PubMed, PMC, Science Direct, Scopus Articles, and Web of Science up until 18 May 2021, with no time or language restrictions. The methodology of the selected studies was evaluated using GRADE. Protease production, optimization, purification, and characterization were the main evaluated outcomes. Of the 5540 initially gathered studies, 15 met the inclusion criteria after a two-step selection process. Only two studies optimized the protease production using statistical design and two reported enzyme purification and characterization. The genus and were the most cited among the eleven different genera of endophytic fungi evaluated in the selected articles. Six studies proved the ability of some endophytic fungi to produce fibrinolytic proteases, demonstrating that endophytic fungi can be exploited for the further production of agents used in thrombolytic therapy. However, further characterization and physicochemical studies are required to evaluate the real potential of endophytic fungi as sources of industrial enzymes.
Topics: Aspergillus; Endophytes; Fungal Proteins; Penicillium; Peptide Hydrolases
PubMed: 34834154
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227062 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Feb 2022A substantial amount of epidemiological data has been reported on Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections after the 2014 outbreak. Our goal was to map the case fatality rate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A substantial amount of epidemiological data has been reported on Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections after the 2014 outbreak. Our goal was to map the case fatality rate (CFR) and prevalence of current and past EV-D68 infections. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO, CRD42021229255) with published articles on EV-68 infections in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus up to January 2021. We determined prevalences using a model random effect. Of the 4,329 articles retrieved from the databases, 89 studies that met the inclusion criteria were from 39 different countries with apparently healthy individuals and patients with acute respiratory infections, acute flaccid myelitis and asthma-related diseases. The CFR estimate revealed occasional deaths (7/1353) related to EV-D68 infections in patients with severe acute respiratory infections. Analyses showed that the combined prevalence of current and past EV-D68 infections was 4% (95% CI = 3.1-5.0) and 66.3% (95% CI = 40.0-88.2), respectively. The highest prevalences were in hospital outbreaks, developed countries, children under 5, after 2014, and in patients with acute flaccid myelitis and asthma-related diseases. The present study shows sporadic deaths linked to severe respiratory EV-D68 infections. The study also highlights a low prevalence of current EV-D68 infections as opposed to the existence of EV-D68 antibodies in almost all participants of the included studies. These findings therefore highlight the need to implement and/or strengthen continuous surveillance of EV-D68 infections in hospitals and in the community for the anticipation of the response to future epidemics.
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; Asthma; Central Nervous System Viral Diseases; Enterovirus D, Human; Enterovirus Infections; Humans; Myelitis; Neuromuscular Diseases; Prevalence; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 35134062
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010073 -
European Review For Medical and... Sep 2020In December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection broke out in Wuhan, China. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding...
OBJECTIVE
In December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection broke out in Wuhan, China. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of this emerging virus. In this manuscript, we collected relevant articles and reviewed the characteristics about SARS-CoV-2.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed an online search on PubMed and Web of Science with the keywords COVID-19, 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV-2, and summarized the epidemiology, virology, clinical features and treatments of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RESULTS
We retrieved 157 published papers about SARS-CoV-2 from January, 2020 to April, 2020. We found that SARS-CoV-2 was a kind of virus with low mortality rate and high infectivity. This virus can enter human cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in alveoli and activate immune response in human body. SARS-CoV-2 infection can be classified as asymptomatic, mild, common, severe, and critical. We summarized antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2, such as remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and favipiravir. Because the vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 is developing, more clinical studies are needed to verify the safety and efficacy of these treatments.
CONCLUSIONS
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that has caused a global pandemic. We should pay more attention to prevent SARS-CoV-2 and try to control it sooner.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunotherapy; Pandemics; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32965016
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202009_22873 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Jul 2016Studies have explored the risk for and impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection requiring hospitalization among healthy preterm infants born at 29-35 weeks... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Studies have explored the risk for and impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection requiring hospitalization among healthy preterm infants born at 29-35 weeks of gestational age not given RSV immunoprophylaxis. We performed a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of these studies.
METHODS
Two experienced reviewers used prespecified inclusion/exclusion criteria to screen titles/abstracts and full-text studies using MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS and Cochrane Library (January 1, 1985, to November 6, 2014). We abstracted data on risk factors for RSV hospitalization, incidence and short- and long-term outcomes of RSV hospitalization. Using standard procedures, we assessed study risk of bias and graded strength of evidence (SOE).
RESULTS
We identified 4754 records and reviewed 27. Important risk factors for RSV hospitalization included young age during the RSV season, having school-age siblings and day-care attendance, with odds ratios >2.5 in at least one study (high SOE). Incidence rates for RSV hospitalizations ranged from 2.3% to 10% (low SOE). Length of hospital stays ranged from 3.8 to 6.1 days (low SOE). Recurrent wheezing rates ranged from 20.7% to 42.8% 1 to 2 years after RSV hospitalization (low SOE).
CONCLUSIONS
Young chronological age and some environmental risk factors are important clinical indicators of an increased risk of RSV hospitalization in healthy preterm infants 32 to 35 weeks of gestational age. SOE was low for estimates of incidence of RSV hospitalizations, in-hospital resource use and recurrent wheezing in this population. Studies were inconsistent in study characteristics, including weeks of gestational age, age during RSV season and control for confounding factors.
Topics: Gestational Age; Hospitalization; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Palivizumab; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Risk Factors; Seasons; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27093166
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001163 -
The International Journal of... Sep 2017Systematic screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is recommended for high-risk populations, including people living with the human immunodeficiency virus... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
SETTING
Systematic screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is recommended for high-risk populations, including people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV); however, currently recommended TB screening tools are inadequate for most high-burden settings.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether C-reactive protein (CRP) possesses the necessary test characteristics to screen individuals for active PTB.
DESIGN
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of CRP (10 mg/l cut-off point) for culture-positive PTB. Pooled diagnostic accuracy estimates were generated using random-effects meta-analysis for out-patients and in-patients, and for pre-specified subgroups based on HIV status and test indication.
RESULTS
We identified nine unique studies enrolling 1793 adults from out-patient (five studies, 1121 patients) and in-patient settings (five studies, 672 patients), 72% of whom had confirmed HIV infection. Among out-patients, CRP had high sensitivity (93%, 95%CI 88-98) and moderate specificity (60%, 95%CI 40-75) for active PTB. Specificity was lowest among in-patients (21%, 95%CI 6-52) and highest among out-patients undergoing TB screening (range 58-81%). There was no difference in summary estimates by HIV status.
CONCLUSION
CRP, which is available as a simple, inexpensive and point-of-care test, can be used to screen PLHIV presenting for routine HIV/AIDS (acquired immune-deficiency syndrome) care for active TB.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; HIV Infections; Humans; Mass Screening; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Outpatients; Point-of-Care Testing; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 28826451
DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0078 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Mar 2021COVID-19 has been arguably the most important public health concern worldwide in 2020, and efforts are now escalating to suppress or eliminate its spread. In this study... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
COVID-19 has been arguably the most important public health concern worldwide in 2020, and efforts are now escalating to suppress or eliminate its spread. In this study we undertook a meta-analysis to estimate the global and regional seroprevalence rates in humans of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and to assess whether seroprevalence is associated with geographical, climatic and/or sociodemographic factors.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed PubMed, Scopus, Embase, medRxiv and bioRxiv databases for preprints or peer-reviewed articles (up to 14 August 2020). Study eligibility criteria were population-based studies describing the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (IgG and/or IgM) serum antibodies. Participants were people from different socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds (from the general population), whose prior COVID-19 status was unknown and who were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum antibodies. We used a random-effects model to estimate pooled seroprevalence, and then extrapolated the findings to the global population (for 2020). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses explored potential sources of heterogeneity in the data, and relationships between seroprevalence and sociodemographic, geographical and/or climatic factors.
RESULTS
In total, 47 studies involving 399 265 people from 23 countries met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity (I = 99.4%, p < 0.001) was seen among studies; SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the general population varied from 0.37% to 22.1%, with a pooled estimate of 3.38% (95%CI 3.05-3.72%; 15 879/399 265). On a regional level, seroprevalence varied from 1.45% (0.95-1.94%, South America) to 5.27% (3.97-6.57%, Northern Europe), although some variation appeared to relate to the serological assay used. The findings suggested an association of seroprevalence with income levels, human development indices, geographic latitudes and/or climate. Extrapolating to the 2020 world population, we estimated that 263.5 million individuals had been exposed or infected at the time of this study.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence varied markedly among geographic regions, as might be expected early in a pandemic. Longitudinal surveys to continually monitor seroprevalence around the globe will be critical to support prevention and control efforts, and might indicate levels of endemic stability or instability in particular countries and regions.
Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; COVID-19 Serological Testing; Child; Climate; Female; Geography; Global Health; Humans; Male; SARS-CoV-2; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Socioeconomic Factors; Time Factors
PubMed: 33228974
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.020 -
Andrologia Oct 2020We performed this systematic review to evaluate the possibility of an impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male fertility. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cells with the help of...
We performed this systematic review to evaluate the possibility of an impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male fertility. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cells with the help of ACE2; therefore, testicular expression of ACE2 was analysed from transcriptome sequencing studies and our unpublished data. Literature suggested that SARS-CoV-1 (2002-2004 SARS) had a significant adverse impact on testicular architecture, suggesting a high possibility of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 as well. Out of two studies on semen samples from COVID-19 affected patients, one reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the semen samples while the other denied it, raising conflict about its presence in the semen samples and the possibility of sexual transmission. Our transcriptome sequencing studies on rat testicular germ cells showed ACE expression in rat testicular germ cells. We also found ACE2 expression in transcriptome sequencing data for human spermatozoa, corroborating its presence in the testicular germ cells. Transcriptome sequencing data from literature search revealed ACE2 expression in the germ, Sertoli and Leydig cells. The presence of ACE2 on almost all testicular cells and the report of a significant impact of previous SARS coronavirus on testes suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is highly likely to affect testicular tissue, semen parameters and male fertility.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Animals; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Models, Animal; Pandemics; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Pneumonia, Viral; Rats; SARS-CoV-2; Semen; Spermatozoa; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Testis
PubMed: 32578263
DOI: 10.1111/and.13712 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Nov 2014Hydrolysable tannins (HT) have been of scientific interest because of their nutraceutical potential. Both gallotannins (GT) and ellagitannins (ET) show different... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Hydrolysable tannins (HT) have been of scientific interest because of their nutraceutical potential. Both gallotannins (GT) and ellagitannins (ET) show different biochemical properties that result in various health benefits (eg anti-diabetic, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial) for consumers, all associated with their antioxidant capacity (AOXc).
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the most relevant aspects (biochemical, nutritional/analytical and health effects) of HT reported in the scientific literature.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in several databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect) and free-access repositories (Google Scholar) on HT, GT and ET. This information was further sub-classified into biochemical, nutritional and analytical aspects (narrative review) and health effects (systematic review).
RESULTS
The high molecular complexity and amount of hydroxyl groups (-OH) in both ET and GT, are responsible not only for a plethora of methods for extraction and purification but also for the several pro-and anti-physiological effects of them such as enzyme inhibitions, protein excretion stimulation, AOXc and anti-proliferative effects.
CONCLUSIONS
The association of ET/GT with several macromolecules present in foodstuffs and the digestive tract, counteract the AOXc of these compounds but conversely allow the differential distribution of GT and ET to different target organs in such way that their health effects seems to be different.
Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Antioxidants; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins
PubMed: 25561098
DOI: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.1.7699