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Survey of Ophthalmology 2022The human tear film is at the interface between the ocular surface and the external environment. Although investigation has been hindered by its small volume,... (Review)
Review
The human tear film is at the interface between the ocular surface and the external environment. Although investigation has been hindered by its small volume, improvements in preanalytical and analytical methods have allowed the omics approach to represent an innovative biomarker search strategy. There is still a significant lack of standardization, representing a barrier for performing between-studies comparisons and transferring experimental findings into clinical use and trials. We summarize the preanalytical and analytical procedures, describe the biomarkers that can be found using the metabo-lipidomics approach, and provide our expert opinion for omics investigations in human tears. For this systematic review of 38 studies, we searched PubMed by combining Boolean operators with the following keywords: tear, metabolomic, lipidomic, -omics. The human tear metabo-lipidome has been well-characterized in normal individuals using high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Lipid and metabolite profiles were influenced by ocular (e.g., dry eye disorders; Meibomian gland dysfunction; contact lens wear; glaucoma; keratoconus; pterygium) and systemic conditions (e.g., multiple sclerosis). Investigating the tear metabo-lipidome could improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of both ocular and systemic diseases, but also provide diagnostic as well as prognostic biomarkers.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Lipidomics; Meibomian Glands; Metabolomics; Tears
PubMed: 35093405
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.01.010 -
Fertility and Sterility Aug 2022To identify the most robust molecular biomarkers in sperm and seminal plasma for the diagnosis of male infertility, and to evaluate their clinical use. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify the most robust molecular biomarkers in sperm and seminal plasma for the diagnosis of male infertility, and to evaluate their clinical use.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
SETTING
Not applicable.
PATIENT(S)
Accessible studies reporting well-defined (in)fertile populations and semen molecular biomarkers were included in this review.
INTERVENTION(S)
A systematic search of the literature published in MEDLINE-PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
The primary outcome was the content, expression, or activity of molecular biomarkers in human semen samples. Only studies reporting a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis values were included.
RESULT(S)
Eighty-nine studies were included. Direct evaluation of sperm DNA damage has high potential as a diagnostic biomarker of fertility and assisted reproductive technology outcomes (area under the curve [AUCs] median = 0.67). Regarding strand break-associated chromatin modifications, γH2AX levels show good predictive value for the diagnosis of male infertility (AUCs median = 0.93). Some noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) exhibit excellent predictive values; miR-34c-5p in semen is the most well-characterized and robust transcriptomic biomarker (AUCs median = 0.78). While many proteins in semen show fair diagnostic value for sperm quality and fertilizing capacity, the levels of some, such as TEX101, in seminal plasma have an excellent diagnostic potential (AUCs median = 0.69). Although individual metabolites and metabolomic profiles in seminal plasma present good predictive value, the latter seem to be better than the former when inferring sperm quality and fertilizing capacity.
CONCLUSION(S)
The current review supports that some Omics (e.g., DNA structure and integrity, genomics and epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics) could be considered relevant molecular biomarkers that may help identify infertility etiologies and fertilization prognosis with cost-effective, simple, and accurate diagnosis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Fertility; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Semen; Semen Analysis; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 35718545
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.04.028 -
BioMedicine 2023Glioblastoma multiforme, commonly known as GBM or glioblastoma is a grade IV astrocytoma. Brain tumors are difficult to treat and lead to poor prognosis and survival in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Glioblastoma multiforme, commonly known as GBM or glioblastoma is a grade IV astrocytoma. Brain tumors are difficult to treat and lead to poor prognosis and survival in patients. Gliomas are categorized into four different grades among which GBM is the worst grade primary brain tumor with a survival of less than a year. The genomic heterogeneity of the brain tumor results in different profiles for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. Precision medicine focuses on this specific tumor type and suggests specialized treatment for better prognosis and overall survival (OS).
PURPOSE
With the recent advancements in Genome-Wide Studies (GWS) and various characterizations of brain tumors based on genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenetic, and metabolomics, this review discusses the advancements and opportunities of precision medicine therapeutics, drugs, and diagnosis methods based on the different profiles of glioblastoma.
METHODS
This review has exhaustively surveyed several pieces of works from various literature databases.
CONCLUSION
It is evident that most primary brain tumors including glioblastoma require specific and precision therapeutics for better prognosis and OS. In present and future, molecular understanding and discovering specific therapies are essential for treatment in the field of neurooncology.
PubMed: 37937301
DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1403 -
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Jul 2022After more than a year of the COVID-19 pandemic, audio-vestibular problems have been reported as consequences. Several limited case report studies with different...
INTRODUCTION
After more than a year of the COVID-19 pandemic, audio-vestibular problems have been reported as consequences. Several limited case report studies with different methodologies were published. This study aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 on the auditory-vestibular system and communication problems in subjects with hearing impairment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The current systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant articles using combined keywords.
RESULTS
Out of 26 final studies, 20 studies dealt with the effects of COVID-19 on the auditory and vestibular system, and six articles examined the COVID-19 effects on hearing-impaired people and patients. In these studies, dizziness (17.8%), tinnitus (8.1%), and vertigo (2.8%) were common symptoms. Most studies were case reports (42.30%), and in terms of quality, nine studies (34.61%) were in the suitable quality group.
CONCLUSIONS
COVID-19 might cause auditory-vestibular system problems by directly affecting the structures or functions of the inner ear or by weakening the immune system. The need for taking preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused communication and social challenges, particularly for people with hearing loss.
PubMed: 36035653
DOI: 10.22038/IJORL.2022.60404.3079 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2020Development of human genetic and proteomic research has increased the interest in alternative head-and-neck cancer (HNC) detection methods. The aim of this article, the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Development of human genetic and proteomic research has increased the interest in alternative head-and-neck cancer (HNC) detection methods. The aim of this article, the second of two-part series, was to review the scientific literature about novel HNC genetic and proteomic biomarkers. A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines by accessing the NCBI PubMed database. Authors conducted the search of articles in English language published from 2004 to 2015. A total of 50 relevant studies were included in the review. Thirty of them concerned proteomic and twenty genetic alterations in HNC. The present systematic review discovered 242 genes and 44 proteins associated with HNC. Due to inconsistent and sparse results, novel biomarkers cannot be firmly established. Prognostic capacity of genetic markers was not evaluated. Proteins (14-3-3γ, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, and PA28γ) were described as most valuable for prognostic observation of HNC. A strict methodological protocol for molecular studies must be established.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mutation; Prognosis; Proteomics
PubMed: 32719245
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_145_17 -
Cancers Oct 2023The accurate diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is crucial, as treatment strategies differ from those of other lung cancers. This systematic review aims to... (Review)
Review
The accurate diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is crucial, as treatment strategies differ from those of other lung cancers. This systematic review aims to identify proteins differentially expressed in SCLC compared to normal lung tissue, evaluating their potential utility in diagnosing and prognosing the disease. Additionally, the study identifies proteins differentially expressed between SCLC and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), aiming to discover biomarkers distinguishing between these two subtypes of neuroendocrine lung cancers. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting proteomics information and confirming SCLC and/or LCNEC through histopathological and/or cytopathological examination were included, while review articles, non-original articles, and studies based on animal samples or cell lines were excluded. The initial search yielded 1705 articles, and after deduplication and screening, 16 articles were deemed eligible. These studies revealed 117 unique proteins significantly differentially expressed in SCLC compared to normal lung tissue, along with 37 unique proteins differentially expressed between SCLC and LCNEC. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of proteomics technology in identifying novel biomarkers for diagnosing SCLC, predicting its prognosis, and distinguishing it from LCNEC.
PubMed: 37894372
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205005 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which affects the exocrine glands leading to glandular dysfunction and, particularly, symptoms of oral and...
INTRODUCTION
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which affects the exocrine glands leading to glandular dysfunction and, particularly, symptoms of oral and ocular dryness. The aetiology of SS remains unclear, and the disease lacks distinctive clinical features. The current diagnostic work-up is complex, invasive and often time-consuming. Thus, there is an emerging need for identifying disease-specific and, ideally, non-invasive immunological and molecular biomarkers that can simplify the diagnostic process, allow stratification of patients, and assist in monitoring the disease course and outcome of therapeutic intervention in SS.
METHODS
This systematic review addresses the use of proteomics and miRNA-expression profile analyses in this regard.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Out of 272 papers that were identified and 108 reviewed, a total of 42 papers on proteomics and 23 papers on miRNA analyses in saliva, blood and salivary gland tissue were included in this review. Overall, the proteomic and miRNA studies revealed considerable variations with regard to candidate biomarker proteins and miRNAs, most likely due to variation in sample size, processing and analytical methods, but also reflecting the complexity of SS and patient heterogeneity. However, interesting novel knowledge has emerged and further validation is needed to confirm their potential role as biomarkers in SS.
Topics: Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome; MicroRNAs; Proteomics; Saliva; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37275849
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183195 -
Journal of Neurochemistry May 2021HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are common features of the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 within the central nervous system (CNS). The...
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are common features of the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 within the central nervous system (CNS). The underlying neuropathophysiology of HAND is incompletely known. Furthermore, there are no markers to effectively predict or stratify the risk of HAND. Recent advancements in the fields of proteomics and metabolomics have shown promise in addressing these concerns, however, it is not clear if these approaches may provide new insight into pathways and markers related to HAND. We therefore conducted a systematic review of studies using proteomic and/or metabolomic approaches in the aim of identifying pathways or markers associated with neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV (PLWH). Thirteen studies were eligible, including 11 proteomic and 2 metabolomic investigations of HIV-positive clinical samples (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain tissue, and serum). Across varying profiling techniques and sample types, the majority of studies found an association of markers with neurocognitive function in PLWH. These included metabolic marker myo-inositol and proteomic markers superoxide dismutase, gelsolin, afamin, sphingomyelin, and ceramide. Certain markers were found to be dysregulated across various sample types. Afamin and gelsolin overlapped in studies of blood and CSF and sphingomyelin and ceramide overlapped in studies of CSF and brain tissue. The association of these markers with neurocognitive functioning may indicate the activity of certain pathways, potentially those related to the underlying neuropathophysiology of HAND.
Topics: AIDS Dementia Complex; Biomarkers; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Metabolomics; Proteomics
PubMed: 33421125
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15295 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease with an increasing prevalence. Presently there is no non-invasive method for differential diagnosis, and an efficient target therapy is lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are present in various body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. Proteins in EV are speculated to be involved in various processes of disease and reflect the original cells' physiological states and pathological conditions. This systematic review is based on urinary extracellular vesicles studies, which enrolled patients with DN and investigated the proteins in urinary EV. We systematically reviewed articles from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science databases, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database until January 4, 2022. The article quality was appraised according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). The methodology of samples, isolation and purification techniques of urinary EV, and characterization methods are summarized. Molecular functions, biological processes, and pathways were enriched in all retrievable urinary EV proteins. Protein-protein interaction analysis (PPI) revealed pathways of potential biomarkers. A total of 539 articles were retrieved, and 13 eligible records were enrolled in this systematic review and meta-analysis. And two studies performed mass spectrometry to obtain the proteome profile. Two of them enrolled only T1DM patients, two studies enrolled both patients with T1DM and T2DM, and other the nine studies focused on T2DM patients. In total 988 participants were enrolled, and DN was diagnosed according to UACR, UAER, or decreased GFR. Totally 579 urinary EV proteins were detected and 28 of them showed a potential value to be biomarkers. The results of bioinformatics analysis revealed that urinary EV may participate in DN through various pathways such as angiogenesis, biogenesis of EV, renin-angiotensin system, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, collagen degradation, and immune system. Besides that, it is necessary to report results compliant with the guideline of ISEV, in orderto assure repeatability and help for further studies. This systematic review concordance with previous studies and the results of meta-analysis may help to value the methodology details when urinary EV proteins were reported, and also help to deepen the understanding of urinary EV proteins in DN.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Proteome
PubMed: 36034457
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.866252 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jan 2018Elevated levels of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) cause atherosclerotic disease, and proteomic analyses have found that these lipoproteins are endowed with... (Review)
Review
Elevated levels of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) cause atherosclerotic disease, and proteomic analyses have found that these lipoproteins are endowed with prenylcysteine lyase. This systematic review summarizes current understanding of this enzyme, now known as prenylcysteine oxidase 1 (PCYOX1), which hydrolyzes the thioether bond of prenylcysteines in the final step in the degradation of prenylated proteins, releasing hydrogen peroxide, cysteine and the isoprenoid aldehyde. Despite the high variability of the gene, no polymorphism has yet been associated with any disease. The liver, which is responsible for vehiculization of the enzyme in lipoproteins, is one of the main organs responsible for its expression, together with the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, male reproductive tissue and muscle. Moreover, although hepatic mRNA expression is sensitive to diet and hormones, the repercussion of these changes in LDLs containing PCYOX1 has not been addressed. One consequence of its elevated activity could be an increase in hydrogen peroxide, which might help to propagate the oxidative burden of LDLs, thus making PCYOX1 a potential pharmacological target and a new biomarker in cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Animals; Carbon-Sulfur Lyases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Lipoproteins, LDL; Liver; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 28930587
DOI: 10.2741/4631