-
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas May 2016The aim of this systematic review was to describe the incidence and mortality of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review was to describe the incidence and mortality of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma in Spain.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We performed a search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases and reviewed articles from the Spanish Network of Cancer Registries (REDECAN) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated and statistical heterogeneity was measured using the I(2) index. A random-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis because of the heterogeneity of the data.
RESULTS
Thirty-two papers were included in the systematic review. The crude incidence rate for basal cell carcinoma was 113.05 (95% CI, 89.03-137.08) cases per 100 000 person-years for the studies based on the registration methodology normally used by registries (in which only 1 tumor with histological confirmation is counted per person). However, the same incidence rate calculated on the basis of clinical and histologic criteria and counting tumors rather than individual patients was 253.23 (95% CI, 273.01-269.45) cases per 100 000 person-years. The incidence was 38.16 (95% CI, 31.72-39.97) cases per 100 000 person-years for squamous cell carcinoma, 8.76 (95% CI, 7.50-10.02) cases per 100 000 person-years for melanoma, and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.15-0.40) cases per 100 000 person-years for Merkel cell carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
The registration methodology normally used by cancer registries probably underestimates the incidence rates of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma in Spain. The incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma are lower in Spain than in other European countries.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Incidence; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Spain
PubMed: 26852370
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.12.008 -
Skin Health and Disease Apr 2023Lichen sclerosus (LSc) is a chronic, inflammatory, destructive skin disease with a predilection for the genitalia (GLSc). An association with vulval (Vu) and penile (Pe)... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Lichen sclerosus (LSc) is a chronic, inflammatory, destructive skin disease with a predilection for the genitalia (GLSc). An association with vulval (Vu) and penile (Pe) squamous carcinoma (SCC) is now well established but melanoma (MM) has only rarely been reported complicating GLSc.
METHODS
We have performed a systematic literature review of GLSc in patients with genital melanoma (GMM). Only articles that mentioned both GMM and LSc affecting either the penis or vulva were included.
RESULTS
Twelve studies with a total of 20 patients were included. Our review shows that an association of GLSc with GMM has been more frequently reported in women and female children than men viz, 17 cases compared with three. It is notable that five of the cases (27.8%) concerned female children aged under twelve.
DISCUSSION
These data suggest a rare association between GLSc and GMM. If proven, there arise intriguing questions about pathogenesis and consequences for counselling of patients and follow-up.
PubMed: 37013116
DOI: 10.1002/ski2.198 -
BMC Medicine Jul 2022Previous findings on the associations of thiazide use with skin cancers were conflicting. This study aimed to examine the associations of individual thiazide use with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Previous findings on the associations of thiazide use with skin cancers were conflicting. This study aimed to examine the associations of individual thiazide use with skin cancer risk, differentiated by subtypes of skin cancers, geographic regions, and cumulative doses of individual thiazides.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant studies on January 5, 2022, scanned the references of included studies, and consulted experts. We included case-control and cohort studies or randomized trials reporting the associations of individual thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics use with skin cancers. Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma were analysed separately. A random-effects model meta-analysis was conducted for pooled odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) for skin cancers related to individual thiazide use.
RESULTS
We included 15, 5, and 5 case-control or cohort studies reporting the risk for skin cancers associated with hydrochlorothiazide, bendroflumethiazide, and indapamide use, respectively, with 17,848,313 participants. The meta-analysis showed associations of hydrochlorothiazide use with increased risk of NMSC (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.24; HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04-1.54), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.06-1.65; HR 1.61, 95% CI 0.97-2.67), and melanoma (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.20; HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.93-1.14). The increased risks for SCC were associated with high cumulative doses of hydrochlorothiazide (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.43-4.57; HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00-1.45). Hydrochlorothiazide use was associated with different subtypes of melanoma including superficial spreading (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05-1.33), nodular (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.39), and lentigo maligna melanoma (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08-1.65). Various cumulative doses of hydrochlorothiazide were associated with increased odds for melanoma. However, the associations of hydrochlorothiazide use with increased risk of NMSC and melanoma only appeared in non-Asian countries. No meaningful increase in the risk for skin cancers was associated with bendroflumethiazide and indapamide.
CONCLUSIONS
Hydrochlorothiazide is associated with an increased risk for NMSC (especially SCC) and melanoma in non-Asian countries, whereas bendroflumethiazide and indapamide are not associated with a meaningful risk for skin cancers. Healthcare professionals and patients should be informed of the different risk profiles of skin cancers associated with different thiazides, cumulative doses, and regions.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021234317 .
Topics: Bendroflumethiazide; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Indapamide; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Thiazides
PubMed: 35794547
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02419-9 -
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine Oct 2023The risk of skin cancer is determined by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation (UVR), personal habits like time spent outdoors and genetic factors. This... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The risk of skin cancer is determined by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation (UVR), personal habits like time spent outdoors and genetic factors. This review aimed to survey existing studies in gene-environment (GxE) interaction on skin cancer risk, and report on GxE effect estimates.
METHODS
We searched Embase, Medline (Ovid) and Web of Science (Core Collection) and included only primary research that reported on GxE on the risk of the three most common types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. Quality assessment followed the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was not possible because no two studies examined the same interaction. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021238064).
RESULTS
In total 260 records were identified after exclusion of duplicates. Fifteen studies were included in the final synthesis-12 used candidate gene approach. We found some evidence of GxE interactions with sun exposure, notably, with MC1R, CAT and NOS1 genes in melanoma, HAL and IL23A in BCC and HAL and XRCC1 in SCC.
CONCLUSION
Sun exposure seems to interact with genes involved in pigmentation, oxidative stress and immunosuppression, indicating that excessive UV exposure might exhaust oxidative defence and repair systems differentially, dependent on genetic make-up. Further research is warranted to better understand skin cancer epidemiology and develop sun exposure recommendations. A genome-wide approach is recommended as it might uncover unknown disease pathways dependent on UV radiation.
PubMed: 37537768
DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2259 -
Dermatology and Therapy May 2022Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases, and it may be associated with skin cancer risk. However, there is a controversy pertaining to whether it...
INTRODUCTION
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases, and it may be associated with skin cancer risk. However, there is a controversy pertaining to whether it implies a greater or decreased risk of skin cancers. We aimed to study the relationship between AD and skin cancer risk.
METHODS
PubMed and Embase databases from their inception to 4 August 2021 were systematically searched.
RESULTS
We evaluated 16 studies involving a total of 9,638,093 participants examining the contribution of AD to skin cancers. Random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall effect sizes. The pooled analysis of 16 studies indicated that AD was significantly associated with an overall increased risk of skin cancer. Subgroup pooled analyses showed that AD was statistically associated with an increased risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). With regard to cohort study, AD was statistically associated with an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), BCC, and SCC, but not melanoma risk. Sensitivity analysis revealed that excluding each study in turn did not alter the overall combined results. No publication bias existed among the studies.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that AD is associated with risk of skin cancers; however, this association still needs to be verified in well-designed, worldwide trials (especially prospective, non-Western studies). The mechanism of AD leading to skin cancer is not clear, and further research is needed to explore the possibility of a potential pathogenesis.
PubMed: 35430723
DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00720-2 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Nov 2023Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, with a lifetime risk currently approaching up to 40% in Caucasians. Among these, some clinical and... (Review)
Review
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, with a lifetime risk currently approaching up to 40% in Caucasians. Among these, some clinical and pathological BCC variants pose a higher risk due to their more aggressive biological behavior. Morpheaform BCC (morBCC), also known as sclerosing, fibrosing, or morpheic BCC, represents up to 5-10% of all BCC. Overall, morBCC carries a poorer prognosis due to late presentation, local tissue destruction, tumor recurrence, and higher frequency of metastasis. In this systematic review, we review the epidemiological, clinical, morphological, dermatoscopical, and molecular features of morBCC. After the title and abstract screening of 222 studies and the full-text review of 84 studies, a total of 54 studies met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in this review.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 37999140
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110720 -
JMIR Dermatology Nov 2023Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that predominantly manifests as facial flushing, irritation, and acne. Rosacea and cancer are thought to be linked by... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that predominantly manifests as facial flushing, irritation, and acne. Rosacea and cancer are thought to be linked by the commonality of inflammatory and immune response dysfunction. Studies that have looked into this possible association have reported mixed results.
OBJECTIVE
Given the conflicting literature on this topic, our study sought to evaluate the overall association between rosacea and several cancers commonly investigated in the literature.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using the Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases. Studies were screened independently for inclusion of rosacea and glioma and breast, thyroid, hepatic, or skin cancers. Using information from the articles, rosacea and each cancer were categorized as having a positive, negative, or unclear association.
RESULTS
Our systematic review included 39 full-text studies that investigated the association between rosacea and various malignancies. Among the malignancies of concern, 41% (16/39) of the studies reported an association with basal cell carcinoma, with 2 cohorts revealing an adjusted risk ratio (RR) of 1.50 (95% CI 1.35-1.67) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.93). In total, 33% (13/39) of the studies reported an association with squamous cell carcinoma, with 2 cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.02-1.93) and 1.30 (95% CI 0.90-1.88). A total of 8% (3/39) of the studies reported an association between breast cancer and melanoma, with breast cancer cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 8.453 (95% CI 1.638-43.606), 1.03 (95% CI 0.89-1.20), and 1.36 (95% CI 1.18-1.58) and melanoma cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.10 (95% CI 0.95-1.27), 0.63 (95% CI 0.47-0.85), and 0.96 (95% CI 0.57-1.62). A total of 5% (2/39) of the studies reported an association among nonmelanoma skin cancers, hepatic cancer, and thyroid carcinomas, with nonmelanoma skin cancer cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.36 (95% CI 1.26-1.47) and 2.66 (95% CI 1.53-4.61), hepatic cancer cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.06-1.90) and 1.32 (95% CI 0.89-1.95), and thyroid carcinoma cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.06 (95% CI 0.68-1.65) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.07-2.36). Only 1 cohort reported an association with glioma, revealing an adjusted RR of 1.36 (95% CI 1.18-1.58). According to our review, patients with rosacea were statistically more likely to have nonmelanoma skin cancers, breast cancer, and glioma. Rosacea was not found to be substantially associated with melanoma. The associations between rosacea and hepatic and thyroid cancers were unclear because of conflicting results.
CONCLUSIONS
The current literature shows that rosacea is significantly associated with increased odds of nonmelanoma skin cancers, glioma, and breast cancer. Rosacea does not appear to be associated with melanoma. Further studies should be conducted to clarify the association between thyroid and hepatic cancers and rosacea.
PubMed: 37938876
DOI: 10.2196/47821 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023(1) Background: BCC is a sporadic disease that develops in areas of the skin not exposed to the sun. Perianal BCC, which occurs in the anorectal region, accounts for... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: BCC is a sporadic disease that develops in areas of the skin not exposed to the sun. Perianal BCC, which occurs in the anorectal region, accounts for less than 0.2% of all BCC cases. There have been only a few reported cases of the disease, with fewer than 200 cases reported in total. Given the diagnostic challenges and potential for misdiagnosis, we conducted a systematic review of perianal basal cell carcinoma using real-world data to provide comprehensive and detailed information on the disease. (2) Methods: The study was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 2020. Patients' clinical pathologic features, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were presented. (3) Results: The results of 41 studies involving 140 patients were analyzed. The most common symptoms reported by patients at presentation were anorectal bleeding, pain, and pruritus. Ulceration was the most frequently observed tumor characteristic. The majority of patients underwent local excision as their primary treatment, with only eight patients experiencing a recurrence. Our analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences in the outcomes of different treatment modalities. (4) Conclusions: Identifying perianal BCC poses a significant challenge as it closely resembles other anal diseases, thereby making it difficult to differentiate between the different conditions. However, a wide local excision with clear margins is considered an effective treatment option for most patients. Alternative treatments, such as radiotherapy, may be recommended for patients who are unable to undergo surgery.
PubMed: 37175041
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091650 -
JPRAS Open Mar 2023Hand basal cell carcinoma is a rare and complex disorder. Due to the hand's anatomical features, managing hand BCC is challenging. Therefore, we have conducted this... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hand basal cell carcinoma is a rare and complex disorder. Due to the hand's anatomical features, managing hand BCC is challenging. Therefore, we have conducted this systematic review to investigate various clinical characteristics, investigations, and treatment options related to hand BCC. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was used to provide pooled recurrence rates.
METHODS
We conducted this review per the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) guidelines. This study performed a systematic literature review in February 2022 using the following electronic databases: Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Key terms include hand basal cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, management, outcome, and recurrence. We evaluated articles according to predefined quality criteria.
RESULTS
The study included 9725 patients and 51 published articles. A total of 35 case reports, 2 case series, 1 prospective study, and the remaining retrospective studies were evaluated. An asymptomatic skin lesion was the main complaint. In 10 studies, Moh surgery was the most frequently used treatment method. In the seven studies included in the meta-analysis, the overall incidence rate of recurrence among the included patients was 1.49 cases per year.
CONCLUSION
The optimal extent of surgical treatment is still controversial, though an early biopsy can help identify lesions at an early stage. It is the first study to provide occurrence rates based on a meta-analysis. Developing treatment guidelines for BCC of the hand will be the focus of future research.
PubMed: 36685723
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2022.11.006 -
Nutrients Dec 2023Nicotinamide is the active form of vitamin B3 (niacin) obtained through endogenous synthesis, mainly through tryptophan metabolism and dietary supplements, fish, meats,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Nicotinamide is the active form of vitamin B3 (niacin) obtained through endogenous synthesis, mainly through tryptophan metabolism and dietary supplements, fish, meats, grains, and dairy products. It participates in cellular energy metabolism and modulates multiple cellular survival and death pathways. Nicotinamide has been widely studied as a safe chemopreventive agent that reduces actinic keratosis (AKs) and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC).
METHODS
We used the Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases to search the concepts "nicotinamide", "chemoprevention", and "skin cancer" up to August 2023. Three independent authors screened titles and abstracts for intervention and study design before searching full texts for eligibility criteria. The primary outcome was the impact of oral nicotinamide on the incidence of NMSC in high-risk patients. We also conducted a systematic search to identify relevant epidemiological studies published evaluating dietary niacin intake and the risk of NMSC.
RESULTS
Two hundred and twenty-five studies were reviewed, and four met the inclusion criteria. There was no association between NAM consumption and risk for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (rate ratio (RR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.48-1.37; I = 0%), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.50-1.55; I = 63%), and NMSC (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61-1.12; I = 63%). Adverse events were rare and acceptable, allowing optimal compliance of patients to the treatment. We found only one article evaluating the association between niacin dietary intake and NMSC risk, supporting a potential beneficial role of niacin intake concerning SCC but not BCC or melanoma.
CONCLUSIONS
The present meta-analysis shows, by pooling immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, that there is insufficient evidence that oral nicotinamide therapy significantly reduces the number of keratinocyte cancers.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Niacinamide; Niacin; Chemoprevention; Skin Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
PubMed: 38201930
DOI: 10.3390/nu16010100