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Prostate International Sep 2016Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in Western countries. In-vitro and in-vivo studies suggest that oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidants play a key... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in Western countries. In-vitro and in-vivo studies suggest that oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidants play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases including PCa, which is promoted by the production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study evaluates the association between OS and men with PCa.
METHODS
A literature search was carried out on Medline, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, as well as manual searches from inception up to August 2015 using the keywords "Oxidative stress" or "Reactive oxygen species" or "Lipid peroxidation" AND "Prostate cancer." All studies including data on the measurement of OS biomarkers in PCa were included.
RESULTS
Twenty-three case control studies were retrieved with sample sizes ranging from 15 to 3,613 (6,439 participants in total). Markers of OS were significantly higher in patients with PCa compared with control groups in 21 studies. Two self-controlled case studies comparing OS between PCa cells and non-PCa cells in tissue biopsies found OS to be statistically higher in PCa cancer cells. Results on markers of antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, uric acid, lutein, lycopene, beta carotein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and total antioxidants) were not completely consistent in their association with PCa.
CONCLUSIONS
Upregulated OS profiles and impairment of antioxidant defense systems may play a role in men with PCa. To confirm these findings, robust clinical trials utilizing a personalized approach which monitors both OS and antioxidant markers during therapy are warranted.
PubMed: 27689064
DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2016.05.002 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Nov 2023Oxidative stress (OS) constitutes a pivotal factor in the initiation and progression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges in broiler chickens. Increasing studies have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Oxidative stress (OS) constitutes a pivotal factor in the initiation and progression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges in broiler chickens. Increasing studies have demonstrated that Alleviation of oxidative stress seems to be a reasonable strategy to alleviate LPS-mediated afflictions in broilers. Nonetheless, the relationship between OS-related indicators and exposure to LPS remains a topic of debate. The aim of this investigation was to precisely and holistically evaluate the effect of LPS exposure on OS-associated markers. We conducted a systematic search of four electronic databases-PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane for relevant studies, and a total of 31 studies were included. The overall results showed that the LPS treatment significantly increased the levels of oxygen radicals and their products, such as malondialdehydes (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), while significantly reduced the levels of antioxidants, such as total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH), in the chickens. Intriguingly, though the observed trends in alterations were not strictly correlated with LPS concentrations, the enzyme activity levels were indeed influenced by the concentration of LPS. This observation highlights the complex relationship between LPS exposure and the body's antioxidant response. Despite some limitations, all the included studies were deemed credible. Subgroup evaluations revealed that the jejunum and duodenum has demonstrated stronger antioxidant capability compared to other tissues. Overall, our study presents compelling evidence that exposure to LPS induces significant OS in chickens. And we also found that the extent of OS was related to LPS doses, target tissues, and dietary ingredients.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chickens; Lipopolysaccharides; Oxidative Stress; Glutathione; Reactive Oxygen Species; 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Biomarkers; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37866038
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115606 -
Renal Failure 2023The purpose of this study was to investigate how aerobic exercise affects oxidative stress (OS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate how aerobic exercise affects oxidative stress (OS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
METHODS
Retrieval dates range from the date the database was established to 19 July 2023, without languages being restricted. A meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 16.0.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis showed that, compared to usual activity or no exercise, aerobic exercise significantly reduced the oxidative markers malondialdehyde (MDA) (mean differences (MD) - 0.96 (95% CI -1.33, - 0.59); < 0.00001), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) (MD - 3.49 (95% CI - 5.05, - 1.93); < 0.00001), F2-isoprostanes (F2-iso) (MD - 11.02 (95% CI - 17.79, - 4.25); = 0.001). Aerobic exercise also increased the antioxidant marker superoxide dismutase (SOD) in CKD patients (standardized mean differences (SMD) 1.30 (95% CI 0.56, 2.04); = 0.0005). Subgroup analysis showed a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in patients aged ≥60 years (SMD 2.11 (95% CI 1.69, 2.54); < 0.00001). The change in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) after aerobic exercise was insignificant in patients with CKD. The trial sequential analysis supported aerobic exercise's effectiveness in improving MDA, SOD, AOPP, and F2-iso in patients with CKD.
CONCLUSION
The results of this review suggest that aerobic exercise improves OS indicators (MDA, SOD, AOPP, and F2-iso) in CKD patients compared to conventional treatment or no exercise and that the effects on GPX and TAC indicators need further confirmation. For better validation of benefits and exploration of the best aerobic exercise regimen to improve OS status with CKD, further studies with high methodological quality and large sample sizes are needed.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; Exercise; Oxidative Stress; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Glutathione Peroxidase; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 37753870
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2252093 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Evidence shows that exogenous CoQ10 supplementation may potentially attenuate oxidative stress status. However, its effective dose and evidence certainty require further... (Review)
Review
Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Adults: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Evidence shows that exogenous CoQ10 supplementation may potentially attenuate oxidative stress status. However, its effective dose and evidence certainty require further evaluation in the general population via more updated randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library) were searched up to 30 March 2022. Evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Thirty-four RCTs containing 2012 participants were included in this review. Pooled effects of significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (standardized mean difference: 1.83, 95%CI: [1.07, 2.59], p < 0.001) and significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (−0.77, [−1.06, −0.47], p < 0.001) were shown after CoQ10 supplementation compared to placebo. However, we could not determine that there was a significant increase in circulating superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels yet (0.47, [0.00, 0.94], p = 0.05). Subgroup analyses implied that CoQ10 supplementation was more beneficial to people with coronary artery disease or type 2 diabetes. Additionally, taking 100−150 mg/day CoQ10 supplement had better benefits for the levels of TAC, MDA and SOD (all p < 0.01). These results to a statistically significant extent lent support to the efficacy and optimal dose of CoQ10 supplementation on attenuating oxidative stress status in adults.
PubMed: 35883851
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071360 -
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology... Apr 2024Metformin is an insulin sensitizer that is widely used for the treatment of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. However, metformin can cause... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Metformin is an insulin sensitizer that is widely used for the treatment of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. However, metformin can cause gastrointestinal side effects.
PURPOSE
This study showed that the effects of quercetin are comparable to those of metformin. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of quercetin in treating PCOS.
METHODS
The present systematic search of the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Information Site, Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), SinoMed, Web of Science, and PubMed databases was performed from inception until February 2024. The methodological quality was then assessed by SYRCLE's risk of bias tool, and the data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software.
RESULTS
Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with those in the model group, quercetin in the PCOS group had significant effects on reducing fasting insulin serum (FIS) levels (P = 0.0004), fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (P = 0.01), HOMA-IR levels (P < 0.00001), cholesterol levels (P < 0.0001), triglyceride levels (P = 0.001), testosterone (T) levels (P < 0.00001), luteinizing hormone (LH) levels (P = 0.0003), the luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio (P = 0.01), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels (P < 0.00001), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P = 0.03), superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (P = 0.01) and GLUT4 mRNA expression (P < 0.00001).
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis suggested that quercetin has positive effects on PCOS treatment. Quercetin can systematically reduce insulin, blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in metabolic pathways. In the endocrine pathway, quercetin can regulate the function of the pituitary-ovarian axis, reduce testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and lower the ratio of LH to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Quercetin can regulate the expression of the GLUT4 gene and has antioxidative effects at the molecular level.
Topics: Female; Animals; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Quercetin; Blood Glucose; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Luteinizing Hormone; Insulin; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Metformin; Insulin Resistance; Testosterone; Cholesterol; Triglycerides
PubMed: 38637876
DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01220-y -
Frontiers in Physiology 2021Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the progression of many aging-related diseases. Exercises can delay this kind of progress, but aerobic exercise is the... (Review)
Review
Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the progression of many aging-related diseases. Exercises can delay this kind of progress, but aerobic exercise is the most commonly used type of training among older adults; therefore, its influence needs to be further verified. A literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases, including Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Date, and SinoMed from their inception to April 2020. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane RoB tool v2.0 for individual studies, and RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included 20 studies, involving 1,170 older adults. The results showed that regular aerobic exercise could reduce blood oxidant markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA; SMD=-1.80, 95% CI -2.46 to -1.14, <0.001) and lipid peroxide (LPO; SMD=-1.12, 95% CI -2.03 to -0.22, =0.02), and increase the levels of antioxidant factors, such as nitric oxide (NO; SMD=0.89, 95% CI 0.37-1.41, <0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD; SMD=0.63, 95% CI 0.25-1.01, =0.001), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC; SMD=1.22, 95% CI 0.45-1.98, =0.002), with clear statistical significance. It may also improve the levels of other OS markers, such as 8-OHdG, 8-isoPGF2, VE, and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Regular aerobic exercise may have a positive effect on the OS levels of older adults by reducing some oxidant markers and increasing antioxidant marker levels.
PubMed: 34675813
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.701151 -
Diabetology International Jul 2023Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus. To date, there is no systematic review on all the available drug... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus. To date, there is no systematic review on all the available drug treatments for CAN in diabetic patients, except for one review focusing on aldose reductase inhibitors.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate available drug treatment options for CAN in diabetic patients.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted with a search of CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed and Scopus from database inception till 14th May 2022. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of diabetic patients with CAN that investigated the effect of treatment on blood pressure, heart rate variability, heart rate or QT interval were included.
RESULTS
Thirteen RCTs with a total of 724 diabetic patients with CAN were selected. There was a significant improvement in the autonomic indices of diabetic patients with CAN given angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) for 24 weeks (<0.05) to two years (<0.001), angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) for one year (<0.05), single dose of beta blocker (BB) (<0.05), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for three months (<0.05), alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) for four months ( < 0.05) to six months (=0.048), vitamin B12 in combination with ALA, acetyl L‑carnitine (ALC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) for one year (=0.001) and near significant improvement in the autonomic indices of diabetic patients with CAN given vitamin E for four months ( = 0.05) compared to the control group. However, there was no significant improvement in the autonomic indices of patients given vitamin B12 monotherapy ( ≥ 0.05).
CONCLUSION
ACEI, ARB, BB, ALA, omega-3 PUFAs, vitamin E, vitamin B12 in combination with ALA, ALC and SOD could be effective treatment options for CAN, while vitamin B12 monotherapy might be unlikely to be recommended for the treatment of CAN due to its lack of efficacy.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-023-00629-x.
PubMed: 37397902
DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00629-x -
Psychopharmacology May 2019Multiple drugs are known to induce metabolic malfunctions, among them second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). The pathogenesis of such adverse effects is of...
RATIONALE
Multiple drugs are known to induce metabolic malfunctions, among them second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). The pathogenesis of such adverse effects is of multifactorial origin.
OBJECTIVES
We investigated whether SGAs drive dysbiosis, assessed whether gut microbiota alterations affect body weight and metabolic outcomes, and looked for the possible mechanism of metabolic disturbances secondary to SGA treatment in animal and human studies.
METHODS
A systematic literature search (PubMed/Medline/Embase/ClinicalTrials.gov/PsychInfo) was conducted from database inception until 03 July 2018 for studies that reported the microbiome and weight alterations in SGA-treated subjects.
RESULTS
Seven articles reporting studies in mice (experiments = 8) and rats (experiments = 3) were included. Olanzapine was used in five and risperidone in six experiments. Only three articles (experiments = 4) in humans fit our criteria of using risperidone and mixed SGAs. The results confirmed microbiome alterations directly (rodent experiments = 5, human experiments = 4) or indirectly (rodent experiments = 4) with predominantly increased Firmicutes abundance relative to Bacteroidetes, as well as weight gain in rodents (experiments = 8) and humans (experiments = 4). Additionally, olanzapine administration was found to induce both metabolic alterations (adiposity, lipogenesis, plasma free fatty acid, and acetate levels increase) (experiments = 3) and inflammation (experiments = 2) in rodents, whereas risperidone suppressed the resting metabolic rate in rodents (experiments = 5) and elevated fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, LDL, hs-CRP, antioxidant superoxide dismutase, and HOMA-IR in humans (experiment = 1). One rodent study suggested a gender-dependent effect of dysbiosis on body weight.
CONCLUSIONS
Antipsychotic treatment-related microbiome alterations potentially result in body weight gain and metabolic disturbances. Inflammation and resting metabolic rate suppression seem to play crucial roles in the development of metabolic disorders.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Metabolic Diseases; Olanzapine; Risperidone; Weight Gain
PubMed: 30460516
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5102-6 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2017This systematic review was performed to identify the role of photobiomodulation therapy on experimental muscle injury models linked to induce oxidative stress. EMBASE,... (Review)
Review
This systematic review was performed to identify the role of photobiomodulation therapy on experimental muscle injury models linked to induce oxidative stress. EMBASE, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched for studies published from January 2006 to January 2016 in the areas of laser and oxidative stress. Any animal model using photobiomodulation therapy to modulate oxidative stress was included in analysis. Eight studies were selected from 68 original articles targeted on laser irradiation and oxidative stress. Articles were critically assessed by two independent raters with a structured tool for rating the research quality. Although the small number of studies limits conclusions, the current literature indicates that photobiomodulation therapy can be an effective short-term approach to reduce oxidative stress markers (e.g., thiobarbituric acid-reactive) and to increase antioxidant substances (e.g., catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase). However, there is a nonuniformity in the terminology used to describe the parameters and dose for low-level laser treatment.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Male; Mice; Muscular Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 29075364
DOI: 10.1155/2017/5273403 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Potentilla discolor Bunge (PDB) is an ancient herb of traditional Chinese medicine. Studies have suggested that extracts of PDB may ameliorate diabetes mellitus (DM)....
Potentilla discolor Bunge (PDB) is an ancient herb of traditional Chinese medicine. Studies have suggested that extracts of PDB may ameliorate diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of PDB extracts on glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress in animal models of diabetes and to provide evidence-based references for the use of PDB extracts. This study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies were searched from eight databases until January 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using StataSE 15.0 and RevMan 5.3. The standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using the random-effects model. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. In total, 32 studies with 574 animals were included. The findings demonstrated that PDB extracts considerably lowered fasting blood glucose (SMD: -3.56, 95%CI: -4.40 to -2.72, < 0.00001); insulin resistance (SMD: -3.19, 95% CI: -5.46 to -0.92, = 0.006), total cholesterol (SMD: -2.18, 95%CI: -2.89 to -1.46, < 0.00001), triglyceride (SMD: -1.48, 95% CI: -2.01 to -0.96, < 0.00001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: -1.80, 95% CI: -2.58 to -1.02], < 0.00001), malondialdehyde (SMD: -3.46, 95% CI: -4.64 to -2.29, < 0.00001) and free fatty acid levels (SMD: -3.25, 95%CI: -5.33 to -1.16, = 0.002), meanwhile, increased insulin sensitivity index (SMD: 2.51 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.92, = 0.0005), body weight (SMD:1.20, 95% CI: 0.38 to 2.01, = 0.004), and the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.40 to 1.69, = 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SMD:2.63, 95% CI: 1.53 to 3.73, < 0.00001), glutathione peroxidase (SMD:1.13, 95%CI: 0.42 to1.83, = 0.002), and catalase (SMD:0.75, 95% CI: 0.11 to 1.40], = 0.02). These findings suggest that PDB extracts can ameliorate DM by improving glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress. PDB may be a promising medication for DM; however, due to significant heterogeneity between studies, these findings should be interpreted with caution. In addition, future well-designed trials should determine which components of the PDB play a major role in ameliorating DM and whether these benefits persist in humans. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, CRD42023379391.
PubMed: 37849729
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218757