-
Cell and Tissue Banking Dec 2016For successful transplantation, allografts should be free of microorganisms that may cause harm to the allograft recipient. Before or during recovery and subsequent... (Review)
Review
For successful transplantation, allografts should be free of microorganisms that may cause harm to the allograft recipient. Before or during recovery and subsequent processing, tissues can become contaminated. Effective tissue recovery methods, such as minimizing recovery times (<24 h after death) and the number of experienced personnel performing recovery, are examples of factors that can affect the rate of tissue contamination at recovery. Additional factors, such as minimizing the time after asystole to recovery and the total time it takes to perform recovery, the type of recovery site, the efficacy of the skin prep performed immediately prior to recovery of tissue, and certain technical recovery procedures may also result in control of the rate of contamination. Due to the heterogeneity of reported recovery practices and experiences, it cannot be concluded if the use of other barriers and/or hygienic precautions to avoid contamination have had an effect on bioburden detected after tissue recovery. Qualified studies are lacking which indicates a need exists for evidence-based data to support methods that reduce or control bioburden.
Topics: Allografts; Cell Culture Techniques; Decontamination; Humans; Specimen Handling; Sterilization; Tissue Banks; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 27761677
DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9590-5 -
Cell and Tissue Banking Dec 2016Musculoskeletal allografts are typically disinfected using antibiotics, irradiation or chemical methods but protocols vary significantly between tissue banks. It is... (Review)
Review
Musculoskeletal allografts are typically disinfected using antibiotics, irradiation or chemical methods but protocols vary significantly between tissue banks. It is likely that different disinfection protocols will not have the same level of microorganism kill; they may also have varying effects on the structural integrity of the tissue, which could lead to significant differences in terms of clinical outcome in recipients. Ideally, a disinfection protocol should achieve the greatest bioburden reduction with the lowest possible impact on tissue integrity. A systematic review of three databases found 68 laboratory and clinical studies that analyzed the microbial bioburden or contamination rates of musculoskeletal allografts. The use of peracetic acid-ethanol or ionizing radiation was found to be most effective for disinfection of tissues. The use of irradiation is the most frequently published method for the terminal sterilization of musculoskeletal allografts; it is widely used and its efficacy is well documented in the literature. However, effective disinfection results were still observed using the BioCleanse™ Tissue Sterilization process, pulsatile lavage with antibiotics, ethylene oxide, and chlorhexidine. The variety of effective methods to reduce contamination rate or bioburden, in conjunction with limited high quality evidence provides little support for the recommendation of a single bioburden reduction method.
Topics: Allografts; Bone Transplantation; Bone and Bones; Cell Culture Techniques; Disinfection; Humans; Muscles; Sterilization; Tissue Banks; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 27665294
DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9584-3 -
Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology Dec 2022Over the past decade, considerable efforts have been made to accelerate pathophysiological understanding of fatal neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral... (Review)
Review
Over the past decade, considerable efforts have been made to accelerate pathophysiological understanding of fatal neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with brain banks at the forefront. In addition to exploratory disease mechanisms, brain banks have aided our understanding with regard to clinical diagnosis, genetics and cell biology. Across neurodegenerative disorders, the impact of brain tissue in ALS research has yet to be quantified. This review aims to outline (i) how postmortem tissues from brain banks have influenced our understanding of ALS over the last 15 years, (ii) correlate the location of dedicated brain banks with the geographical prevalence of ALS, (iii) identify the frequency of features reported from postmortem studies and (iv) propose common reporting standards for materials obtained from dedicated brain banks. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases using key words. From a total of 1439 articles, 73 articles were included in the final review, following PRISMA guidelines. Following a thematic analysis, articles were categorised into five themes; clinico-pathological (13), genetic (20), transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology (12), non-TDP-43 neuronal pathology (nine) and extraneuronal pathology (19). Research primarily focused on the genetics of ALS, followed by protein pathology. About 63% of the brain banks were in the United States of America and United Kingdom. The location of brain banks overall aligned with the incidence of ALS worldwide with 88% of brain banks situated in Europe and North America. An overwhelming lack of consistency in reporting and replicability was observed, strengthening the need for a standardised reporting system. Overall, postmortem material from brain banks generated substantial new knowledge in areas of genetics and proteomics and supports their ongoing role as an important research tool.
Topics: Humans; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Knowledge Discovery; Brain; Neurons; United Kingdom
PubMed: 35921237
DOI: 10.1111/nan.12845 -
Cell and Tissue Banking Dec 2016Cardiovascular allografts are usually disinfected using antibiotics, but protocols vary significantly between tissue banks. It is likely that different disinfection... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular allografts are usually disinfected using antibiotics, but protocols vary significantly between tissue banks. It is likely that different disinfection protocols will not have the same level of efficacy; they may also have varying effects on the structural integrity of the tissue, which could lead to significant differences in terms of clinical outcome in recipients. Ideally, a disinfection protocol should achieve the greatest bioburden reduction with the lowest possible impact on tissue integrity. We conducted a systematic review of methods applied to disinfect cardiovascular tissues. The use of multiple broad spectrum antibiotics in conjunction with an antifungal agent resulted in the greatest reduction in bioburden. Antibiotic incubation periods were limited to less than 24 h, and most protocols incubated tissues at 4 °C, however one study demonstrated a greater reduction of microbial load at 37 °C. None of the reviewed studies looked at the impact of these disinfection protocols on the risk of infection or any other clinical outcome in recipients.
Topics: Allografts; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cell Culture Techniques; Disinfection; Fungi; Heart Valves; Humans; Mycoses; Sterilization; Tissue Banks; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 27522194
DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9570-9 -
Tropical Medicine & International... May 2017The most common form of transmitting human brucellosis is through contaminated food or direct contact with infected animals. Human-to-human transmission (HHT) has been... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The most common form of transmitting human brucellosis is through contaminated food or direct contact with infected animals. Human-to-human transmission (HHT) has been described as isolated case reports. The aim of this systematic review was to describe all cases of HHT of human brucellosis reported in the medical literature.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus and Scielo databases using specific search terms published until March 2016. Two investigators independently determined study eligibility. All clinical data were evaluated to construct a table comprising the most important clinical aspects, age, gender, confirmed infection and detection method, transmission method and HHT confirmation and potential source of infection for human transmission. No statistical method was employed in this study.
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 615 publications, but only 35 were included. 45 brucellosis HHT cases were identified. 61% of patients who acquired brucellosis from another human were <1 year old (newborn and breastfeeding). Other cases include sexual transmission, blood transfusion, bone marrow transplantation and aerosol from an infected patient. Most patients (40/45) presented symptoms upon diagnosis. Diagnostic tests included culture, molecular methods and serum testing.
CONCLUSION
Human brucellosis is a disease liable to transmission between humans by placental barrier, lactation, sexual and tissues such as blood and bone marrow. The indication for screening in tissue banks, transplants, blood and pregnancy is not yet established.
Topics: Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Breast Feeding; Brucella; Brucellosis; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 28196298
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12856 -
Cell and Tissue Banking Dec 2016The use of skin allografts to temporarily replace lost or damaged skin is practiced worldwide. Naturally occurring contamination can be present on skin or can be... (Review)
Review
The use of skin allografts to temporarily replace lost or damaged skin is practiced worldwide. Naturally occurring contamination can be present on skin or can be introduced at recovery or during processing. This contamination can pose a threat to allograft recipients. Bacterial culture and disinfection of allografts are mandated, but the specific practices and methodologies are not dictated by standards. A systematic review of literature from three databases found 12 research articles that evaluated bioburden reduction processes of skin grafts. The use of broad spectrum antibiotics and antifungal agents was the most frequently identified disinfection method reported demonstrating reductions in contamination rates. It was determined that the greatest reduction in the skin allograft contamination rates utilized 0.1 % peracetic acid or 25 kGy of gamma irradiation at lower temperatures.
Topics: Allografts; Cell Culture Techniques; Disinfection; Humans; Skin; Skin Transplantation; Sterilization; Tissue Banks; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 27522193
DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9569-2 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... Mar 2022Mesh implants are regularly used to help repair both hiatus hernias (HH) and diaphragmatic hernias (DH). In vivo studies are used to test not only mesh safety, but... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Mesh implants are regularly used to help repair both hiatus hernias (HH) and diaphragmatic hernias (DH). In vivo studies are used to test not only mesh safety, but increasingly comparative efficacy. Our work examines the field of in vivo mesh testing for HH and DH models to establish current practices and standards.
METHOD
This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO. Medline and Embase databases were searched for relevant in vivo studies. Forty-four articles were identified and underwent abstract review, where 22 were excluded. Four further studies were excluded after full-text review-leaving 18 to undergo data extraction.
RESULTS
Of 18 studies identified, 9 used an in vivo HH model and 9 a DH model. Five studies undertook mechanical testing on tissue samples-all uniaxial in nature. Testing strip widths ranged from 1-20 mm (median 3 mm). Testing speeds varied from 1.5-60 mm/minute. Upon histology, the most commonly assessed structural and cellular factors were neovascularisation and macrophages respectively (n = 9 each). Structural analysis was mostly qualitative, where cellular analysis was equally likely to be quantitative. Eleven studies assessed adhesion formation, of which 8 used one of four scoring systems. Eight studies measured mesh shrinkage.
DISCUSSION
In vivo studies assessing mesh for HH and DH repair are uncommon. Within this relatively young field, we encourage surgical and materials testing institutions to discuss its standardisation.
Topics: Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Hernia, Hiatal; Herniorrhaphy; Humans; Laparoscopy; Prostheses and Implants; Recurrence; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 34935102
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05227-3 -
Acta Neuropathologica Communications Sep 2019Perfusing fixatives through the cerebrovascular system is the gold standard approach in animals to prepare brain tissue for spatial biomolecular profiling, circuit... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Perfusing fixatives through the cerebrovascular system is the gold standard approach in animals to prepare brain tissue for spatial biomolecular profiling, circuit tracing, and ultrastructural studies such as connectomics. Translating these discoveries to humans requires examination of postmortem autopsy brain tissue. Yet banked brain tissue is routinely prepared using immersion fixation, which is a significant barrier to optimal preservation of tissue architecture. The challenges involved in adopting perfusion fixation in brain banks and the extent to which it improves histology quality are not well defined.
METHODOLOGY
We searched four databases to identify studies that have performed perfusion fixation in human brain tissue and screened the references of the eligible studies to identify further studies. From the included studies, we extracted data about the methods that they used, as well as any data comparing perfusion fixation to immersion fixation. The protocol was preregistered at the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/cv3ys/ .
RESULTS
We screened 4489 abstracts, 214 full-text publications, and identified 35 studies that met our inclusion criteria, which collectively reported on the perfusion fixation of 558 human brains. We identified a wide variety of approaches to perfusion fixation, including perfusion fixation of the brain in situ and ex situ, perfusion fixation through different sets of blood vessels, and perfusion fixation with different washout solutions, fixatives, perfusion pressures, and postfixation tissue processing methods. Through a qualitative synthesis of data comparing the outcomes of perfusion and immersion fixation, we found moderate confidence evidence showing that perfusion fixation results in equal or greater subjective histology quality compared to immersion fixation of relatively large volumes of brain tissue, in an equal or shorter amount of time.
CONCLUSIONS
This manuscript serves as a resource for investigators interested in building upon the methods and results of previous research in designing their own perfusion fixation studies in human brains or other large animal brains. We also suggest several future research directions, such as comparing the in situ and ex situ approaches to perfusion fixation, studying the efficacy of different washout solutions, and elucidating the types of brain donors in which perfusion fixation is likely to result in higher fixation quality than immersion fixation.
Topics: Brain; Humans; Perfusion; Tissue Banks; Tissue Fixation
PubMed: 31488214
DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0799-y -
RMD Open Feb 2024In anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), histopathological assessment of affected tissue is often necessary for diagnosis and...
BACKGROUND
In anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), histopathological assessment of affected tissue is often necessary for diagnosis and assessment of disease extent. There is a requirement for validated non-invasive biomarkers to avoid the need for serial tissue biopsies.
METHODS
A systematic review of scientific databases from 2012 until present was performed to identify studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Studies were assessed for quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist for cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies and the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomised Studies, or the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 for randomised controlled trials. A descriptive synthesis of the data for non-invasive (blood-based or urinary) biomarkers of AAV-related disease activity and organ damage was performed.
RESULTS
Twenty-two high quality studies were included. These articles reported the value of blood-based and urinary biomarkers including anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, immune cells, complement factors, gene expression profiles, cytokines, chemokines and other proteins in the assessment of disease activity and/or organ damage in patients with AAV. Many of these biomarkers involve the alternative complement pathway, neutrophil activation and macrophage activation.
CONCLUSION
This is the first contemporary systematic review synthesising the value of non-invasive biomarkers of AAV-related disease activity and organ damage. The incorporation of individual markers in combined biomarker profiles might enhance clinical decision-making. Many unmet needs were identified; few studies involve oeosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and patients with childhood-onset AAV. Further validation of the candidate biomarkers is warranted in large prospective studies to bridge the existing knowledge gaps and apply precision health to systemic vasculitis.
Topics: Humans; Child; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis; Biomarkers; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Cytokines
PubMed: 38341193
DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003579 -
Cells Feb 2019Sarcomas are rare mesenchymal malignant tumors with unique biological and clinical features. Given their diversity, heterogeneity, complexity, and rarity, the clinical...
Sarcomas are rare mesenchymal malignant tumors with unique biological and clinical features. Given their diversity, heterogeneity, complexity, and rarity, the clinical management of sarcomas is quite challenging. Cell lines have been used as indispensable tools for both basic research and pre-clinical studies. However, empirically, sarcoma cell lines are not readily available. To understand the present status of sarcoma cell lines and identify their current challenges, we systematically reviewed reports on sarcoma cell lines. We searched the cell line database, Cellosaurus, and categorized the sarcoma cell lines according to the WHO classification. We identified the number and availability of sarcoma cell lines with a specific histology. We found 844 sarcoma cell lines in the Cellosaurus database, and 819 of them were named according to the WHO classification. Among the 819 cell lines, 36 multiple and nine single cell lines are available for histology. No cell lines were reported for 133 of the histological subtypes. Among the 844 cell lines, 148 are currently available in public cell banks, with 692 already published. We conclude that there needs to be a larger number of cell lines, with various histological subtypes, to better benefit sarcoma research.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; PubMed; Publications; Sarcoma; Tissue Banks; World Health Organization
PubMed: 30781855
DOI: 10.3390/cells8020157