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Acta Tropica Jun 2022The aim of this study was evaluate to seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goats worldwide and the main risk factors associated from 2000 to 2020, through... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this study was evaluate to seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goats worldwide and the main risk factors associated from 2000 to 2020, through meta-analysis with 55,317 goats from 75 reports published in seven electronic databases of major global importance. A global seroprevalence detected was 27.49% (95% CI 24.15-30.95; I2 = 99%), with the lowest percentage in Asia (20.74%; 95% CI 16.45-25.39) and highest in Central America (62.15%; 95% CI 57.28-66.90) and Europe (31.53%; 95% CI 21.71-42.26). The seropositivity in Africa and South America were (29.41%; 95% CI 19.11-40.89) and (29.76%; 95% CI 25.84-33.83), respectively. The seroprevalence was associated with presence of cats (OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.30-3.82), goats older than one year (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1, 37-2.29), females (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.23-1.65), rearing system (extensive vs. intensive) (OR 4.82; 95% CI 1.96-11, 84) and rearing system (semi-intensive vs. intensive) (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.48-6.13). The heterogeneity was evidenced in most world regions and the risk factors may play roles in varying the seroprevalence.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Female; Goats; Risk Factors; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis, Animal
PubMed: 35304123
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106411 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Nov 2017Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a known endemic disease of cattle in Ethiopia; however, there is lack of a comprehensive information on the status and distribution of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a known endemic disease of cattle in Ethiopia; however, there is lack of a comprehensive information on the status and distribution of the disease in the country. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to provide a pooled prevalence estimate of bTB at a national level, assess the level of in-between variance among study reports and illustrate the spatial distribution pattern in the country. Articles published on bTB from January 2000 to December, 2016 in English language were included in the review. Pubmed, CAB direct, AJOL and Web of Science were the databases used in electronic search. A total of 127 articles were retrieved from online sources, of which 56 articles were selected for data extraction based on the specified inclusion criteria. From these selected published articles, 114 animal level data were extracted for quantitative analysis. A pooled prevalence estimate of bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia was found to be 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5, 7.5). In a multivariable meta-regression analysis, breed and production system explained 40.9% of the explainable proportion of the in-between study variance computed. The prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Holstein-Friesians, 21.6% (95% CI: 14.7-30.7), was higher than the prevalence in local zebus 4.1 (95% CI: 3.4-4.9). Cattle kept under intensive and semi-intensive production systems had higher prevalence, 16.6% (95% CI: 12.4-21.6), of bTB than those kept in extensive livestock production system, 4.6 (95% CI: 3.4-6.2). Bovine tuberculosis is widely distributed across major livestock producing regions of Ethiopia. However, no valid data could be retrieved from Benishanul-Gumuz, Harari and Dire Dawa. Data obtained on bTB from Somali and Gambella regional states are also few and further studies are suggested in these regions. In conclusion, this review showed that bTB in cattle in Ethiopia is widespread with high prevalence in intensive and semi-intensive management systsems that keep exotic breeds and their crosses in urban and peri-urban areas. Thus, it is suggested that the design and implementation of bTB control strategies in Ethiopia should prioritize these hotspots in order to reduce the impact of the disease on the growing dairy sector.
Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Cattle; Ethiopia; Prevalence; Tuberculosis, Bovine
PubMed: 29254713
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.09.006 -
Microorganisms Mar 2023In Africa, ticks continue to be a major hindrance to the improvement of the livestock industry due to tick-borne pathogens that include , and species. A systemic... (Review)
Review
In Africa, ticks continue to be a major hindrance to the improvement of the livestock industry due to tick-borne pathogens that include , and species. A systemic review and meta-analysis were conducted here and highlighted the distribution and prevalence of these tick-borne pathogens in African ticks. Relevant publications were searched in five electronic databases and selected using inclusion/exclusion criteria, resulting in 138 and 78 papers included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. Most of the studies focused on (38 studies), followed by (27 studies), (20 studies) and (17 studies). A meta-analysis of proportions was performed using the random-effects model. The highest prevalence was obtained for spp. (18.39%; 95% CI: 14.23-22.85%), (13.47%; 95% CI: 2.76-28.69%), (11.28%; 95% CI: 1.77-25.89%), (12.75%; 95% CI: 4.06-24.35%), (6.37%; 95% CI: 3.97-9.16%) and (4.3%; 95% CI: 0.04-12.66%). The prevalence of was low (0%; 95% CI: 0-0.25%), with higher prevalence for spp. (27.02%; 95% CI: 10.83-46.03%) and -like endosymbionts (70.47%; 95% CI: 27-99.82%). The effect of the tick genera, tick species, country and other variables were identified and highlighted the epidemiology of ticks in the heartwater; affinity of each species for different tick genera; dominant distribution of , and -like endosymbionts in ticks and a low distribution of in African hard ticks.
PubMed: 36985288
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030714 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Publications are an important measure of scientific and technological progress. The quantitative examination of the number of publications in a certain research topic is...
Publications are an important measure of scientific and technological progress. The quantitative examination of the number of publications in a certain research topic is known as bibliometrics. Bibliographic studies are widely used to analyse the condition of research, future potential, and current growth patterns in a certain topic. It can serve as a basis for making decisions and implementing strategies to achieve long-term development goals. To our knowledge, no research has been conducted in these domains; so, this work aims to employ bibliometric analysis to provide comprehensive data on publications related to anticoccidial drugs. As a result, the current study uses bibliometric analysis to track the evolution of anticoccidial drugs and its consequences in the academic and public worlds via a survey of relevant scientific and popular publications. The Dimensions database was used to retrieve the bibliographical statistics, which were then cleaned and analyzed. The data was also loaded into the VOS viewer, which generated a network visualization of the authors with the most joint articles. The investigation discovered three stages of publications and citations since the first article on anticoccidial drugs in 1949. The first stage, which ran from 1920 to 1968, was characterized by a scarcity of research articles on anticoccidial drugs. From 1969 to 2000, the second stage was marked by a stable and marginally increased number of articles. The scientific field was characterized by an increasing trend in the number of publications and their citations from 2002 to 2021. The study gave a complete list of the top anticoccidial drugs funding agents, countries, research institutes, most cited publications, and important co-authorship and partnerships. The outcomes of the study will help veterinary practitioners and researchers understand the trends and best sources of knowledge in the field of anticoccidial medications.
PubMed: 37205230
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157683 -
Veterinary Sciences Dec 2020Sheep and goats are an important commodity for smallholder farmers across East Africa, but severe limitations remain in small ruminant production. This review aimed to... (Review)
Review
Sheep and goats are an important commodity for smallholder farmers across East Africa, but severe limitations remain in small ruminant production. This review aimed to identify specific constraints to small ruminant production and identify practical and sustainable solutions. From 54 eligible articles, most were focused in Ethiopia (n = 44) with only 6 studies performed in Tanzania and 4 in Uganda. The most frequently identified constraint in Ethiopia and Tanzania was disease (n = 28 and n = 3, respectively), and in Uganda, it was the lack of access to veterinary services (n = 4). Additionally, access to good breeding stock, lack of animal records, and an established marketing chain were also mentioned in all the three countries. Ectoparasites, gastrointestinal parasites, orf, and sheep/goat pox were the most frequently mentioned disease challenges causing productivity losses. Many articles provided potential solutions as suggested by farmers, including improved access to veterinary services and medicines, improved record keeping, and access to good breeding stock. Farmers highlighted the value of community-based participatory development plans to increase education on disease control, land management, and husbandry. This review also highlighted knowledge gaps, the need for further research, particularly in Tanzania and Uganda, and the importance of addressing multiple challenges holistically due to the links between constraints.
PubMed: 33561077
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8010005 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and an economic burden due to costs associated with extended hospital stays....
BACKGROUND
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and an economic burden due to costs associated with extended hospital stays. Furthermore, most pathogens associated with HAIs in veterinary medicine are zoonotic. This study used published data to identify organisms associated with HAIs and zoonosis in veterinary medicine. Furthermore, the study also investigated the antimicrobial-susceptibility profile of these bacterial organisms.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Search terms and five electronic databases were used to identify studies published over 20 years (2000-2020). The risk of bias was assessed using the "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Vet" (STROBE-Vet) checklist.
RESULTS
Out of the identified 628 papers, 27 met the inclusion criteria for this study. Most studies (63%, 17/27) included were either from small animal or companion animal clinics/hospitals, while 5% (4/27) were from large animal clinics/hospitals inclusive of bovine and equine hospitals. Hospital-acquired bacteria were reported from environmental surfaces (33%, 9/27), animal clinical cases (29.6%, 8/27), and fomites such as cell phones, clippers, stethoscopes, and computers (14.8%, 4/27). spp. was the most (63%; 17/27) reported organism, followed by (19%; 5/27), spp. (15%, 4/27), spp. (15%; 4/27), (15%, 4/27), (4%, 1/27), and (4%; 1/27). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms were reported in 71% (12/17) of studies linked to Methicillin-resistant (MRSA), Methicillin-resistant (MRSP), spp., Typhimurium, and . The A gene was identified in both MRSA and MRSP, the CMY-2 gene in and spp., and the A gene in isolate. Six studies reported organisms from animals with similar clonal lineage to those reported in human isolates.
CONCLUSION
Organisms associated with hospital-acquired infections and zoonosis have been reported from clinical cases, environmental surfaces, and items used during patient treatment and care. species is the most reported organism in cases of HAIs and some isolates shared similar clonal lineage to those reported in humans. Some organisms associated with HAIs exhibit a high level of resistance and contain genes associated with antibiotic resistance.
PubMed: 36699325
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1087052 -
Vaccines Feb 2023The advantages of skin-based vaccination include induction of strong immunity, dose-sparing, and ease of administration. Several technologies for skin-based immunisation... (Review)
Review
The advantages of skin-based vaccination include induction of strong immunity, dose-sparing, and ease of administration. Several technologies for skin-based immunisation in humans are being developed to maximise these key advantages. This route is more conventionally used in veterinary medicine. Skin-based vaccination of pigs is of high relevance due to their anatomical, physiological, and immunological similarities to humans, as well as being a source of zoonotic diseases and their livestock value. We conducted a systematic mapping review, focusing on vaccine-induced immunity and safety after the skin immunisation of pigs. Veterinary vaccines, specifically anti-viral vaccines, predominated in the literature. The safe and potent skin administration to pigs of adjuvanted vaccines, particularly emulsions, are frequently documented. Multiple methods of skin immunisation exist; however, there is a lack of consistent terminology and accurate descriptions of the route and device. Antibody responses, compared to other immune correlates, are most frequently reported. There is a lack of research on the underlying mechanisms of action and breadth of responses. Nevertheless, encouraging results, both in safety and immunogenicity, were observed after skin vaccination that were often comparable to or superior the intramuscular route. Further research in this area will underlie the development of enhanced skin vaccine strategies for pigs, other animals and humans.
PubMed: 36851328
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020450 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Sep 2023This review provides a summary of the literature encompassing partial and total cystectomy procedures in dogs and subsequent conclusions that can be drawn. Surgical... (Review)
Review
This review provides a summary of the literature encompassing partial and total cystectomy procedures in dogs and subsequent conclusions that can be drawn. Surgical excision as a component of treatment for lower urinary tract neoplasia in dogs may enhance survival time and result in acceptable quality of life, though risk for surgical complications is substantial, particularly following total cystectomy procedures. However, for dogs with urothelial carcinoma, cystectomy is generally not considered curative and disease progression is common. Appropriate case selection and thorough preoperative discussion with owners regarding potential risks and benefits of cystectomy are imperative for successful outcomes.
PubMed: 37760296
DOI: 10.3390/ani13182896 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2023Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic used exclusively in veterinary medicine in order to treat the pathology of farm and aquatic animals. It is a... (Review)
Review
Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic used exclusively in veterinary medicine in order to treat the pathology of farm and aquatic animals. It is a synthetic fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol that functions by inhibiting ribosomal activity, which disrupts bacterial protein synthesis and has shown over time a strong activity against Gram-positive and negative bacterial groups. Florfenicol was also reported to have anti-inflammatory activity through a marked reduction in immune cell proliferation and cytokine production. The need for improvement came from (1) the inappropriate use (to an important extent) of this antimicrobial, which led to serious concerns about florfenicol-related resistance genes, and (2) the fact that this antibiotic has a low water solubility making it difficult to formulate an aqueous solution in organic solvents, and applicable for different routes of administration. This review aims to synthesize the various applications of florfenicol in veterinary medicine, explore the potential use of nanotechnology to improve its effectiveness and analyze the advantages and limitations of such approaches. The review is based on data from scientific articles and systematic reviews identified in several databases.
PubMed: 37238125
DOI: 10.3390/ani13101695 -
Research in Veterinary Science Mar 2022Proteomic analysis is having a rapid development as a method for the detection of biomarkers of diseases in dogs. Dogs in addition to their importance as companion...
Proteomic analysis is having a rapid development as a method for the detection of biomarkers of diseases in dogs. Dogs in addition to their importance as companion animals, serve as important animal models for research. This study aims to systematically review evidence regarding the studies performed in proteomics in dogs, and specifically those made in serum, saliva, urine and/or plasma. Information searched in October 2020, January 2021 and August 2021, for English language publications of the last decade (2010-2020) were obtained from electronic databases. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were undertaken by two investigators. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Review Manager (RevMan 5) tool. Meta-analysis and case report studies were not included in this review. Through the screening process a total of 557 publications were identified after the removal of duplicates. Out of these, 65 were fully evaluated and 44 of these were included in the review. Most studies evaluated the proteome of disease and compared it with a healthy population, and most of the articles included were made on serum, followed by saliva. The overall risk of bias for all studies was high, due to an absence in the generation of random sequence. Overall proteomic analysis has allowed the discovery of new physiopathological pathways of diseases and potential biomarkers in the dog, which are addressed in this review.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Databases, Factual; Dogs; Proteome; Proteomics; Saliva
PubMed: 35007798
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.026