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International Journal of Surgery... Apr 2020Cardiac tumors and their associated outcomes are poorly characterized. This study sought to comprehensively assess the epidemiology and natural history of primary and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Cardiac tumors and their associated outcomes are poorly characterized. This study sought to comprehensively assess the epidemiology and natural history of primary and secondary malignant cardiac tumors (PMCT and SMCT), a well as establish predictors of mortality.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify articles reporting on PMCTs and SMCTs. The prevalence of important cardiac tumor (CT) subtypes was evaluated and further stratified based on the continental region. Outcomes of interest included short- and long-term mortality and utilization of heart transplantation (HTX). A random effect model was adopted, and a meta-regression was performed to determine predictors of the prevalence of CTs as well as predictors of operative mortality.
RESULTS
Of the 1,226 retrieved articles, 74 were included in our study (n = 8,849 patients). The mean follow-up was 2.27 years, mean age was 42.9 years, and 55% of the patients were females. There was a total number of 7,484 benign primary cardiac tumors (PCTs) (5,140 were myxoma), 862 (9.7%) malignant PCTs, and 355 secondary cardiac tumors. The prevalence of PMCTs among PCTs was 10.83% [95%CI = 09.11; 12.83%] with a trend towards being lower in South America compared to other continents (Prevalence = 5.80%). The prevalence of HTX among all patients was 2.45% [1.36; 4.38%]. The pooled short-term mortality was 5.90% [4.70; 7.39%] and the incidence of late mortality in all CTs, benign CT and PMCTs was 2.55% [1.76; 3.72%], 0.79% [0.46; 1.37%] and 14.77% [9.32; 23.40%], respectively. On meta-regression, the annual volume of cardiac tumor cases per center was the only predictor of lower early mortality (Beta = -0.14 ± 0.03, P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
PMCTs represent the minority of PCT (~10%) and have a higher prevalence in Europe and North America. Survival is higher in benign pathology and is significantly improved by treatment in specialized high-volume centers. Approximately 2% of patients with CTs undergo heart transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Europe; Female; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Male; North America; Prevalence; Time Factors
PubMed: 32169566
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.039 -
Neuroepidemiology 2022Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder. The diagnostic criteria of narcolepsy evolve from clinical symptoms to molecular biomarkers, along with the understanding...
INTRODUCTION
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder. The diagnostic criteria of narcolepsy evolve from clinical symptoms to molecular biomarkers, along with the understanding of its clinical nature and pathogenesis. Estimates of incidence and prevalence of narcolepsy vary between studies, while the contribution of changing diagnostic criteria to the variation remains unclear. We aimed to explore sources of heterogeneity in estimates of incidence and prevalence, with a particular focus on diagnostic criteria.
METHODS
We searched 5 databases for observational studies on the incidence or prevalence of narcolepsy published before October 14, 2021. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to assess the impact of diagnostic criteria on incidence/prevalence of narcolepsy after adjusting for age-group, region, study period, vaccination status, index date, and type of narcolepsy.
RESULTS
Thirty-five studies were selected from 2,833 articles. The estimates of incidence and prevalence were wide-ranging with high heterogeneity (incidence I2 = 99.8%; prevalence I2 = 99.7%), from 0.06 to 6.56 per 100,000 person-years for incidence and from 1.05 to 79.40 per 100,000 population for prevalence, respectively. Totally 10 diagnostic criteria were used, including the 1st revised edition of International Classification of Diseases (ICSD-1), ICSD-2, ICSD-3, the 8th revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-8), ICD-9, ICD-10, Brighton collaboration case definition (Brighton), Mayo classification, the Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale, and clinical symptoms with the multiple sleep latency test. ICD tended to provide higher estimates of incidence/prevalence than Brighton (incidence odds ratio [OR] 1.38, [95% CI: 1.02, 1.86]; prevalence OR 1.50, [95% CI: 1.04, 2.39]). No significant difference was found in estimates of two rates between ICSD and Brighton. The incidence was higher for children than adults (OR 1.61, [95% CI: 1.25, 2.07]) and for individuals vaccinated with Pandemrix than those unvaccinated (OR 6.49, [95% CI: 3.86, 10.91]).
CONCLUSIONS
Estimates of incidence/prevalence of narcolepsy could not be pooled reliably with substantial heterogeneity. Incidence/prevalence studies using ICSD and Brighton provided lower estimates than studies using ICD and other criteria. Diagnostic criteria should be standardized when comparing or pooling the incidence/prevalence to understand the epidemiology of narcolepsy. Future studies are needed to focus on the at-risk population for the etiology investigation of narcolepsy.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Incidence; Prevalence; Narcolepsy; International Classification of Diseases; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 35820399
DOI: 10.1159/000525282 -
Eye (London, England) Sep 2016Childhood cataract is an avoidable cause of visual disability worldwide and is a priority for VISION 2020: The Right to Sight. There is a paucity of information about... (Review)
Review
Childhood cataract is an avoidable cause of visual disability worldwide and is a priority for VISION 2020: The Right to Sight. There is a paucity of information about the burden of cataract in children and the aim of this review is to assess the global prevalence of childhood cataract. The methodology for the review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed a literature search for studies reporting estimates of prevalence or incidence of cataract among children (aged<18 years) at any global location using the Cochrane Library, Medline and Embase up to January 2015. No restrictions were imposed based on language or year of publication. Study quality was assessed using a critical appraisal tool designed for systematic reviews of prevalence. Twenty prevalence and four incidence studies of childhood cataract from five different geographical regions were included. The overall prevalence of childhood cataract and congenital cataract was in the range from 0.32 to 22.9/10000 children (median=1.03) and 0.63 to 9.74/10000 (median=1.71), respectively. The incidence ranged from 1.8 to 3.6/10000 per year. The prevalence of childhood cataract in low-income economies was found to be 0.42 to 2.05 compared with 0.63 to 13.6/10000 in high-income economies. There was no difference in the prevalence based on laterality or gender. This review highlights substantial gaps in the epidemiological knowledge of childhood cataract worldwide, particularly from low and lower middle-income economies. More studies are needed using standard definitions and case ascertainment methods with large enough sample sizes.
Topics: Adolescent; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Child; Child, Preschool; Databases, Factual; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Prevalence
PubMed: 27518543
DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.156 -
Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism Oct 2020Giant cell arteritis (GCA; sometimes referred to as temporal arteritis) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are common and interrelated inflammatory conditions that almost... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Giant cell arteritis (GCA; sometimes referred to as temporal arteritis) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are common and interrelated inflammatory conditions that almost exclusively affect adults older than 50 years. There is a need for updated information on the epidemiology of these diseases.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to summarize current evidence regarding the global incidence and prevalence of GCA and PMR.
METHODOLOGY
A systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases from their inception dates to July 30, 2019 for relevant publications was performed. Studies that reported incidence and/or prevalence estimates for GCA and/or PMR were identified. When there were multiple studies of the same population, the most recent estimates were used. Details on source populations and case validation were systematically reviewed. Results were tabulated per region in the world.
RESULTS
Screening by 2 authors resulted in 2643 abstracts, of which 77 articles met the inclusion criteria. There were more studies on GCA compared to PMR, and more on incidence than on prevalence. Wide variations were found in study design and populations studied. Studies that included a thorough case validation tended to give lower estimates, in particular for PMR. The highest incidence per 100 000 aged ≥50 years of GCA was observed in studies from Scandinavia and the UK (14.6 to 43.6), and in Minnesota, USA (19.8 per 100 000). Corresponding estimates for Southern Europe were lower (1.1 to 11.1). Limited evidence indicates that GCA and PMR is less common in non-Caucasian populations. Prevalence estimates for PMR were ≥ 3 times higher than that of GCA in Caucasians.
CONCLUSION
This SLR provides up to date estimates of the occurrence of GCA and PMR in different populations around the world. The incidence of GCA is higher in populations of Northern European ancestry. Data on the epidemiology of PMR are more limited, with greater variation in incidence and prevalence estimates.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Giant Cell Arteritis; Humans; Incidence; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Prevalence
PubMed: 32911281
DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.07.005 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2022Worldwide, surveys have shown that the frequency of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies varies greatly from country to country. It is well known... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Worldwide, surveys have shown that the frequency of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies varies greatly from country to country. It is well known that chromosomal disorders are an important cause of premature death or life-long disability; however, the absence of local epidemiological data on their birth prevalence and outcomes impedes policy and service development in many countries and continents. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis intend to show the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies in Africa.
METHODS
From PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the studies that examined the incidence, prevalence, and types of chromosomal disorders using PRISMA guidelines. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies.
RESULTS
From the total of 3,569 studies identified, 1,442 were from PubMed, 108 were from Cochrane Library, 1,830 were from Google Scholar, and 189 were from other sources. After duplication was removed, a total of 844 articles remained (2725 were removed by duplication). Finally, 144 full-text studies were reviewed and 60 articles with 52,569 births having congenital anomalies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies was 8.94% (95% CI; 7.02, 10.86; = 98.8%; < 0.001). . In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, the pooled proportion of chromosomal disorders among births with congenital anomalies in Africa was small. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) accounted for more than 80% of chromosomal disorders. The pooled proportion of chromosome disorders was the highest in North African regions and countries compared to other regions of the continent. Healthcare managers should focus on establishing proper cytogenetic diagnostic facilities in collaboration with well-trained genetic counseling services in the continent.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Chromosome Disorders; Parturition; Prevalence; Africa; Incidence
PubMed: 36561944
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6477596 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021The present study aimed to quantify the relationship between body dissatisfaction and morbid exercise behaviour (MEB). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The present study aimed to quantify the relationship between body dissatisfaction and morbid exercise behaviour (MEB).
METHODS
The electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO, and Dissertations & Theses Global were searched from inception to September 2020. Pooled effect sizes corrected for sampling errors () were computed using a bare-bones meta-analysis. The robustness of the results was examined by influence analyses. The presence of moderators was examined by inspection of the variance in attributable to sampling errors and 80% credibility intervals, followed by subgroup analysis and univariable/multivariable meta-regressions. Publication bias was examined by visual inspection of funnel plot symmetry, cumulative meta-analysis, and Egger's test.
RESULTS
A total of 41 effect sizes from 33 studies ( = 8747) were retrieved. Results showed a significant and near to moderate effect size ( = 0.267, 95% CI = 0.226 to 0.307), and this did not differ by gender, BMI, age, percentage of Whites, study quality, or MEB measure. Conversely, effect sizes were found to be stronger in published and more recently conducted studies.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that body dissatisfaction is one of the likely causes underlying MEB. This suggests the need for further longitudinal research aimed at confirming the potential causal nature of this relationship.
Topics: Body Dissatisfaction; Exercise; Morbidity
PubMed: 33445591
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020585 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Nov 2022Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 vaccine is the best strategy for prevention. However, it remained the main... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
UNLABELLED
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 vaccine is the best strategy for prevention. However, it remained the main challenge. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall pooled estimate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its predictors in Ethiopia. Consequently, we have searched articles from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, reference lists of included studies, and Ethiopian universities' research repository. The weighted inverse variance random effects model was employed. The quality of studies and the overall variation between studies were checked through Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal criteria and heterogeneity test (I), respectively. The funnel plot and Egger's regression test were also conducted. Following that, a total of 14 studies with 6,773 participants were considered in the study and the overall pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 51.2% (95% CI: 43.9, 58.5). Having good knowledge (Odds ratio: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.1; P.
VALUE
0.00), chronic disease (Odds ratio: 2; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.1), older age (Odds ratio: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.0; P.
VALUE
0.02), and secondary education and above (Odds ratio: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.7, 6.7; P.
VALUE
0.00) were significantly associated with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. In conclusion, Having good knowledge, chronic disease, older age, and secondary education and above were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Therefore, special attention and a strengthened awareness, education, and training about COVID-19 vaccine benefits had to be given to uneducated segments of the population.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; Prevalence; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Morbidity
PubMed: 36094824
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2114699 -
International Journal of Public Health 2022This study aimed to investigate the risk of stillbirth, perinatal and neonatal mortality in immigrant women compared to native-origin women in host countries. A... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This study aimed to investigate the risk of stillbirth, perinatal and neonatal mortality in immigrant women compared to native-origin women in host countries. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted. Relevant studies were identified using a thorough literature search and their quality was appraised. The analysis of heterogeneous data was carried out using the random effects model and publication bias was assessed using the Harbord-test. Also, the pooled odds ratio of events was calculated through the DerSimonian and Laird, and inverse variance methods. In the search process 45 studies were retrieved consisting of 8,419,435 immigrant women and 40,113,869 native-origin women. The risk of stillbirth (Pooled OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.22-1.50), perinatal mortality (Pooled OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.35-1.68), and neonatal mortality (Pooled OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.00-1.19) in the immigrant women were significantly higher than the native-origin women in host countries. According to the sensitivity analyses, all results were highly consistent with the main data analysis results. The immigrant women compared to the native-origin women had the higher risks of stillbirth, perinatal and neonatal mortality. Healthcare providers and policy makers should improve the provision of maternal and neonatal healthcare for the immigrant population.
Topics: Emigrants and Immigrants; Female; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Perinatal Mortality; Pregnancy; Stillbirth
PubMed: 35664648
DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604479 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2023With the advancement of spatial analysis approaches, methodological research addressing the technical and statistical issues related to joint spatial and spatiotemporal... (Review)
Review
With the advancement of spatial analysis approaches, methodological research addressing the technical and statistical issues related to joint spatial and spatiotemporal models has increased. Despite the benefits of spatial modelling of several interrelated outcomes simultaneously, there has been no published systematic review on this topic, specifically when such models would be useful. This systematic review therefore aimed at reviewing health research published using joint spatial and spatiotemporal models. A systematic search of published studies that applied joint spatial and spatiotemporal models was performed using six electronic databases without geographic restriction. A search with the developed search terms yielded 4077 studies, from which 43 studies were included for the systematic review, including 15 studies focused on infectious diseases and 11 on cancer. Most of the studies (81.40%) were performed based on the Bayesian framework. Different joint spatial and spatiotemporal models were applied based on the nature of the data, population size, the incidence of outcomes, and assumptions. This review found that when the outcome is rare or the population is small, joint spatial and spatiotemporal models provide better performance by borrowing strength from related health outcomes which have a higher prevalence. A framework for the design, analysis, and reporting of such studies is also needed.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Incidence; Research Design; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 37047911
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075295 -
Viruses Jul 2023It is known that SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in gastrointestinal symptoms. For some, these symptoms may persist beyond acute infection, in what is known as... (Review)
Review
It is known that SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in gastrointestinal symptoms. For some, these symptoms may persist beyond acute infection, in what is known as 'post-COVID syndrome'. We conducted a systematic review to examine the prevalence of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms and the incidence of new gastrointestinal illnesses following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. We searched the scientific literature using MedLine, SCOPUS, Europe PubMed Central and medRxiv from December 2019 to July 2023. Two reviewers independently identified 45 eligible articles, which followed participants for various gastrointestinal outcomes after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. The weighted pooled prevalence for persistent gastrointestinal symptoms of any nature and duration was 10.8% compared with 4.9% in healthy controls. For seven studies at low risk of methodological bias, the symptom prevalence ranged from 0.2% to 24.1%, with a median follow-up time of 18 weeks. We also identified a higher risk for future illnesses such as irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, hepatic and biliary disease, liver disease and autoimmune-mediated illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease and coeliac disease in historically SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals. Our review has shown that, from a limited pool of mostly low-quality studies, previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure may be associated with ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms and the development of functional gastrointestinal illness. Furthermore, we show the need for high-quality research to better understand the SARS-CoV-2 association with gastrointestinal illness, particularly as population exposure to enteric infections returns to pre-COVID-19-restriction levels.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; COVID-19; Prevalence; SARS-CoV-2; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
PubMed: 37631968
DOI: 10.3390/v15081625