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Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology... 2018
Topics: Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Computed Tomography Angiography; Constriction, Pathologic; Graft Occlusion, Vascular; Humans; Ilium; Intraoperative Complications; Radiology, Interventional; Risk Factors; Stents; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Calcification
PubMed: 29757150
DOI: 10.5152/dir.2018.200218 -
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Jun 2017
Review
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Aorta, Thoracic; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction; Vascular Remodeling
PubMed: 28539494
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309578 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Aug 2022Abdominal aortic coarctation and hypoplasia are uncommon diseases, recognized most often in pediatric-aged individuals. Comprehensive studies regarding the pathologic... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Abdominal aortic coarctation and hypoplasia are uncommon diseases, recognized most often in pediatric-aged individuals. Comprehensive studies regarding the pathologic spectrum of these aortopathies are nonexistent. This investigation was undertaken to better define the histologic and morphologic character of abdominal aortic narrowings affecting children and assess its potential relevance to contemporary clinical practice.
METHODS
Aortic specimens obtained during open operations in children being treated for symptomatic, noninflammatory abdominal aortic narrowings at the University of Michigan were subjected to histologic study after hematoxylin and eosin, Movat, Verhoeff Van Gieson, and Masson's trichrome preparations. Microscopic findings were correlated with the anatomic aortic images. In addition, a detailed review was completed of all prior reports in the English literature that included images depicting the histologic character of noninflammatory abdominal aortic narrowings in children.
RESULTS
Among a series of 67 pediatric-aged individuals undergoing open surgical interventions for abdominal aortic narrowings, eight children ranging in age from 9 months to 18 years, had adequate aortic tissue available for study. The loci of the specimens paralleled the anatomic sites of segmental coarctations observed in the entire series, with involvement of the suprarenal abdominal aorta (n = 3), intrarenal aorta (n = 2), and infrarenal aorta (n = 1). Diffusely hypoplastic abdominal aortas (n = 2) included one case of a de facto aortic duplication, represented by a channel that paralleled the narrow native aorta and gave origin to celiac artery branches, as well as the superior mesenteric and renal arteries. Concentric or eccentric intimal fibroplasia was observed in every aorta, often with internal elastic fragmentation and duplication (n = 4). Media abnormalities included elastic tissue disorganization (n = 3) and focal medial fibrosis (n = 1). Organizing luminal thrombus occurred in two infants. Coexistent ostial stenoses of the celiac, superior mesenteric, or renal arteries were observed in all but the only child who had an infrarenal aortic coarctation. Neurofibromatosis type 1 affected one child whose histologic findings were indistinguishable from those of the other children. A review of prior published histologic images of abdominal aortic coarctation and hypoplasia affecting children from other centers revealed a total of 14 separate reports, each limited to single case photomicrographs, of which 11 exhibited intimal fibroplasia.
CONCLUSIONS
Intimal fibroplasia is a common accompaniment of developmental abdominal aortic coarctation and hypoplasia. It is posited that intimal fibroplasia, which is likely progressive in instances of abnormal shear stresses in these diminutive vessels, may contribute to less salutary outcomes after endovascular and certain open reconstructions of pediatric abdominal aortic narrowings.
Topics: Adolescent; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Coarctation; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 35149163
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.01.121 -
American Journal of Physiology. Heart... Jun 2018Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disorder with a high case fatality rate in the instance of rupture. AAA is a multifactorial disease, and the etiology is... (Review)
Review
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disorder with a high case fatality rate in the instance of rupture. AAA is a multifactorial disease, and the etiology is still not fully understood. AAA is more likely to occur in men, but women have a greater risk of rupture and worse prognosis. Women are reportedly protected against AAA possibly by premenopausal levels of estrogen and are, on average, diagnosed at older ages than men. Here, we review the present body of research on AAA pathophysiology in humans, animal models, and cultured cells, with an emphasis on sex differences and sex steroid hormone signaling.
Topics: Age of Onset; Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Health Status Disparities; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Protective Factors; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Signal Transduction; Vascular Remodeling
PubMed: 29350999
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00519.2017 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Dec 2020
Topics: Aorta; Aorta, Abdominal; Humans
PubMed: 33322885
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0921 -
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia Nov 2022The canine adrenal glands receive blood from the celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, caudal phrenic artery, cranial abdominal artery, phrenicoabdominal trunk,...
The canine adrenal glands receive blood from the celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, caudal phrenic artery, cranial abdominal artery, phrenicoabdominal trunk, abdominal aorta, renal artery and lumbar artery. These are classified into three types: cranial, middle and caudal adrenal branches. It is also known that the adrenal vein flows into the phrenicoabdominal vein. However, individual differences in the branching pattern of adrenal vessels have not been systematically analysed. We evaluated adrenal vessels in dogs that underwent contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT). There were 255 arteries travelling to the adrenal glands in 47 cases, with 1-6 arteries travelling per adrenal gland. The arteries included 67 caudal phrenic arteries, 62 aortic arteries, 60 cranial abdominal arteries, 39 renal arteries, 12 phrenicoabdominal trunks, 8 cranial mesenteric arteries, 6 celiac arteries and 1 lumbar artery. Most of the branches were from the aorta and caudal phrenic artery on the left side, and the cranial abdominal and caudal phrenic artery on the right side. A total of 110 adrenal veins were identified. Inflow into the phrenicoabdominal vein and into the right and left renal veins was observed, and we identified no inflow into other veins. This study demonstrated two points: laterality and individual differences in adrenal blood vessels. When evaluating adrenal blood vessels with abdominal contrast-enhanced CT, it is recommended to take images under general anaesthesia with breath-holding and observe them using multiplanar reconstruction.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Renal Artery; Abdomen; Aorta, Abdominal; Renal Veins; Adrenal Glands
PubMed: 36047693
DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12858 -
PloS One 2020Allograft vasculopathy (AV) remains a major obstacle to long-term allograft survival. While the mouse aortic transplantation model has been proven as a useful tool for...
BACKGROUND
Allograft vasculopathy (AV) remains a major obstacle to long-term allograft survival. While the mouse aortic transplantation model has been proven as a useful tool for study of the pathogenesis of AV, simultaneous transplantation of the aorta alongside the transplantation of another organ may reveal more clinically relevant mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic allograft rejection. Therefore, we developed a combined abdominal heart and aorta transplantation model in mice which benefits from reducing animal and drug utilization, while providing an improved model to study the progressive nature of AV.
METHODS
The middle of the infrarenal aorta of the recipient mouse was ligatured between the renal artery and its bifurcation. Proximal and distal aortotomies were performed at this site above and below the ligature, respectively, for the subsequent anastomoses of the donor aorta and heart grafts to the recipient infrarenal aorta in an end-to-side fashion. The distal anastomotic site of the recipient infrarenal aorta was connected with the outlet of the donor aorta. Uniquely, the proximal anastomotic site on the recipient infrarenal aorta was shared to connect with both the inlet of the donor aorta and the inflow tract to the donor heart. The outflow tract from the donor heart was connected to the recipient inferior vena cava (IVC).
RESULTS
The median times for harvesting the heart graft, aorta graft, recipient preparation and anastomosis were 11.5, 8.0, 9.0 and 40.5 min, respectively, resulting in a total median ischemic time of 70 min. The surgery survival rate was more than 96% (29/30). Both the syngeneic C57Bl/6 aorta and heart grafts survived more than 90 days in 29 C57Bl/6 recipients. Further, Balb/c to C57Bl/6 allografts treated with anti-CD40L and CTLA4.Ig survived more than 90 days with a 100% (3/3) survival rate. (3/3).
CONCLUSIONS
This model is presented as a new tool for researchers to investigate transplant immunology and assess immunosuppressive strategies. It is possible to share a common anastomotic stoma on the recipient abdominal aorta to reconstruct both the aorta graft entrance and heart graft inflow tract. This allows for the study of allogeneic effects on both the aorta and heart from the same animal in a single survival surgery.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Female; Heart Transplantation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Transplantation, Heterotopic
PubMed: 32569305
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230649 -
PloS One 2022Diameter is currently the only screening and diagnostic criterion for asymptomatic aneurysms. Therefore, aortic and lower-extremity arterial diameter has diagnostic,...
OBJECTIVE
Diameter is currently the only screening and diagnostic criterion for asymptomatic aneurysms. Therefore, aortic and lower-extremity arterial diameter has diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic importance. We aimed to determine aortic and lower-extremity arterial reference diameters in a general population and compare them according to age, sex, and other characteristics.
METHODS
We evaluated consecutive 3,692 patients who underwent computed tomography as part of a general health checkup from 2015-2019 in a single tertiary center. Aortic and lower-extremity arterial diameters and the most important factor related to arterial diameters were evaluated.
RESULTS
The mean diameter of the abdominal aorta was 17.490 ± 2.110 mm, while that of the common iliac artery was 10.851 ± 1.689 mm. The mean diameter of the abdominal aorta was 18.377 ± 1.766 mm in men and 15.884 ± 1.694 mm in women. Significant intersex differences were observed for all mean diameters and lengths. Multilinear regression analysis showed that age, sex, and body surface area impacted mean diameters of all measured sites except aorta and common iliac artery length. Between male and female patients matched for body surface area, there were significant intersex differences for all measured sites, except for common iliac artery length.
CONCLUSIONS
The mean diameter of the abdominal aorta in this healthy cohort was 17.490 ± 2.110 mm overall, 18.377 ± 1.766 mm in men, and 15.884 ± 1.694 mm in women. Arterial diameter increased with male sex, older age, and increased body surface area, and aortic diameters were larger in men than in women with the same body surface area.
Topics: Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Body Surface Area; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Iliac Artery; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35511926
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268077 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Dec 2014
Topics: Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Female; Humans; Male; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 25454112
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.07.023 -
Folia Morphologica 2021The common iliac arteries (CIA) are the two terminal branches of the abdominal aorta which supply the pelvis and the lower extremities. The present study aims to examine...
BACKGROUND
The common iliac arteries (CIA) are the two terminal branches of the abdominal aorta which supply the pelvis and the lower extremities. The present study aims to examine the morphometric features of the CIA in a cadaveric sample and possible correlations between lengths.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventy-six formalin fixed cadavers of Greek origin were dissected in the Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. In each cadaver dissected, the abdominal aorta and the CIA were identified and their lengths were measured. Also the torso length was measured and the height of each cadaver. All the statistical analysis was done by SPSS 15.0.
RESULTS
The mean length of the left CIA was 6.12 cm (SD: ± 1.791, SE: 0.205) and that of the right one was 6.03 cm (SD: ± 1.607, SE: 0.184). The lengths of the CIA differed between the sexes, but no statistically significant difference was observed. Statistically significant differences regarding the torso lengths and body heights were found between the sexes, as well as a statistically strong correlation between the lengths of the left and right CIA in the cadavers dissected.
CONCLUSIONS
The knowledge of the anatomy and morphology of the CIA is ofgreat clinical significance, given that abnormal course, length or branching pattern of these vessels are not uncommon and their clinical impact may be great. Mostly interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons should be aware of this knowledge.
Topics: Aorta, Abdominal; Cadaver; Formaldehyde; Humans; Iliac Artery; Lower Extremity
PubMed: 32896870
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2020.0109