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Clinical Journal of the American... Oct 2018
Topics: Dialysis Solutions; Humans; Peritoneum
PubMed: 30171049
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.09590818 -
Revista Do Colegio Brasileiro de... 2016The damage control surgery, with emphasis on laparostomy, usually results in shrinkage of the aponeurosis and loss of the ability to close the abdominal wall, leading to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The damage control surgery, with emphasis on laparostomy, usually results in shrinkage of the aponeurosis and loss of the ability to close the abdominal wall, leading to the formation of ventral incisional hernias. Currently, various techniques offer greater chances of closing the abdominal cavity with less tension. Thus, this study aims to evaluate three temporary closure techniques of the abdominal cavity: the Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy - VAC, the Bogotá Bag and the Vacuum-pack. We conducted a systematic review of the literature, selecting 28 articles published in the last 20 years. The techniques of the bag Bogotá and Vacuum-pack had the advantage of easy access to the material in most centers and low cost, contrary to VAC, which, besides presenting high cost, is not available in most hospitals. On the other hand, the VAC technique was more effective in reducing stress at the edges of lesions, removing stagnant fluids and waste, in addition to acting at the cellular level by increasing proliferation and cell division rates, and showed the highest rates of primary closure of the abdominal cavity. RESUMO A cirurgia de controle de danos, com ênfase em peritoneostomia, geralmente resulta em retração da aponeurose e perda da capacidade de fechar a parede abdominal, levando à formação de hérnias ventrais incisionais. Atualmente, várias técnicas oferecem maiores chances de fechamento da cavidade abdominal, com menor tensão. Deste modo, este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar três técnicas de fechamento temporário da cavidade abdominal: fechamento a vácuo (Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy - VAC), Bolsa de Bogotá e Vacuum-pack. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura com seleção de 28 artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos. As técnicas de Bolsa de Bogotá e Vacuum-pack tiveram como vantagem o acesso fácil ao material, na maioria dos centros, e baixo custo, ao contrário do que se observa na terapia a vácuo, VAC, que além de apresentar alto custo, não está disponível em grande parte dos hospitais. A técnica VAC, por outro lado, foi mais eficaz na redução da tensão nas bordas das lesões, ao remover fluidos estagnados e detritos, além de exercer ação a nível celular, aumentando as taxas de proliferação e divisão celular, e apresentou as maiores taxas de fechamento primário da cavidade abdominal.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques; Humans; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Polyvinyl Chloride; Time Factors
PubMed: 27982331
DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912016005015 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Sep 2021Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the lymph... (Review)
Review
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE
Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the lymph nodes, peritoneal cavity and abdominal vasculature provides important information useful in the investigation of a number of conditions, including aortic thromboembolism.
CLINICAL CHALLENGES
Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even for the experienced ultrasonographer, differentiating between incidental findings such as Bates bodies and pathological changes can be challenging.
AIM
This review, the last in an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses ultrasound examination of the abdominal lymph nodes and peritoneal cavity, and also the role of the technique in identifying thromboembolism of the aorta. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge of and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material.
EQUIPMENT
Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience.
EVIDENCE BASE
Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author's own clinical experience.
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Aorta; Cats; Lymph Nodes; Peritoneal Cavity; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34428939
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X211037874 -
Biomolecules Oct 2022A peritoneal adhesion (PA) is a fibrotic tissue connecting the abdominal or visceral organs to the peritoneum. The formation of PAs can induce a variety of clinical... (Review)
Review
A peritoneal adhesion (PA) is a fibrotic tissue connecting the abdominal or visceral organs to the peritoneum. The formation of PAs can induce a variety of clinical diseases. However, there is currently no effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of PAs. Damage to peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is believed to cause PAs by promoting inflammation, fibrin deposition, and fibrosis formation. In the early stages of PA formation, PMCs undergo mesothelial-mesenchymal transition and have the ability to produce an extracellular matrix. The PMCs may transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and accelerate the formation of PAs. Therefore, the aim of this review was to understand the mechanism of action of PMCs in PAs, and to offer a theoretical foundation for the treatment and prevention of PAs.
Topics: Peritoneum; Epithelium; Extracellular Matrix; Myofibroblasts; Fibrin
PubMed: 36291710
DOI: 10.3390/biom12101498 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... Jul 2021We don’t understand Alzheimer, its origin and disease mechanisms. The absence of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer today is due to the amyloid...
We don’t understand Alzheimer, its origin and disease mechanisms. The absence of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer today is due to the amyloid hypothesis, a misguided hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease etiology, which has dominated Alzheimer research, drug development, and clinical trials for 30 years. However, the hypothesis is not dead yet, as exemplified by the recent resurrection of clinical trials with aducanumab. Recent advances in Alzheimer research include astrocytes, synaptic function and glutamate signaling. Many studies indicate EAAT2 as a promising target in drug discovery and clinical development for novel therapies in Alzheimer’s disease, and other neurologic and psychiatric diseases.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Douglas' Pouch; Humans
PubMed: 34313409
DOI: 10.17219/acem/139501 -
Radiologia 2022Lumboperitoneal shunting makes it possible to regulate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid by establishing a connection between the thecal sac and the peritoneal cavity. The... (Review)
Review
Lumboperitoneal shunting makes it possible to regulate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid by establishing a connection between the thecal sac and the peritoneal cavity. The main indication for lumboperitoneal shunting in children is idiopathic intracranial hypertension, but the technique is also useful in the treatment of postinfectious, posthemorrhagic, and normotensive hydrocephalus, as well as in the treatment of postsurgical pseudomeningocele or leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. This article reviews nine cases treated at our centre to show the normal imaging findings for lumboperitoneal shunts in children and to provide a succinct review of the possible neurological and abdominal complications associated with this treatment.
Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; Child; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Neurosurgical Procedures; Peritoneal Cavity; Pseudotumor Cerebri
PubMed: 35504679
DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.03.004 -
PloS One 2023Pregnancy leads to a state of chronically increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) caused by a growing fetus, fluid, and tissue. Increased intra-abdominal pressure is...
INTRODUCTION
Pregnancy leads to a state of chronically increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) caused by a growing fetus, fluid, and tissue. Increased intra-abdominal pressure is leading to state of Intra-Abdominal Hypertension (IAH) and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Clinical features and risk factors of preeclampsia is comparable to abdominal compartment syndrome. IAP may be associated with the hypertension in pregnancy (HIP).
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to determine the antepartum and postpartum IAP levels in women undergoing caesarean delivery (CD) and association between hypertension in pregnancy, and antepartum and postpartum IAP levels in women undergoing CD.
METHOD
Seventy pregnant women (55 normotensive, 15 HIP) undergoing antepartum, non-emergency CD, had their intravesical pressure measured before and after the CD, the intravesical pressure measurements obtained with the patient in the supine position were considered to correspond to the IAP. Multivariable linear regression models were used to study associations between intraabdominal pressure and baseline characteristics in normotensive pregnancies and hypertensive pregnancies.
RESULTS
In normotensive pregnancies at mean gestation age of 38.2 weeks (95%CI 37.9 to 38.6), mean antepartum IAP was 12.7 mmHg(95%CI 11.6 to 13.8) and the mean postpartum IAP was 7.3 mmHg (95% CI 11.6 to 13.8). Multivariable linear regression models showed HIP group antepartum IAP positively associated with coefficient value of 1.617 (p = 0.268) comparing with normotensive pregnancy group. Postpartum IAP in HIP group positively associated with coefficient value of 2.519 (p = 0.018) comparing with normotensive pregnancy group. IAP difference is negatively associated with HIP (coefficient -1.013, p = 0.179).
CONCLUSION
In normotensive pregnancies at term, the IAP was in the IAH range of the non-pregnant population. Higher Antepartum IAP and Postpartum IAP are associated with HIP. Reduction of IAP from antepartum period to postpartum period was less with HIP.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Infant; Intra-Abdominal Hypertension; Pre-Eclampsia; Abdominal Cavity; Risk Factors; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
PubMed: 37851647
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284230 -
Abdominal Imaging Apr 2015Many diseases cause substantial changes in the mechanical properties of tissue, and this provides motivation for developing methods to noninvasively assess the stiffness... (Review)
Review
Many diseases cause substantial changes in the mechanical properties of tissue, and this provides motivation for developing methods to noninvasively assess the stiffness of tissue using imaging technology. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has emerged as a versatile MRI-based technique, based on direct visualization of propagating shear waves in the tissues. The most established clinical application of MRE in the abdomen is in chronic liver disease. MRE is currently regarded as the most accurate noninvasive technique for detection and staging of liver fibrosis. Increasing experience and ongoing research is leading to exploration of applications in other abdominal organs. In this review article, the current use of MRE in liver disease and the potential future applications of this technology in other parts of the abdomen are surveyed.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Digestive System Diseases; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Female; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Spleen; Splenic Diseases; Uterine Diseases; Uterus
PubMed: 25488346
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0315-6 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2024Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis also known as cocoon abdomen is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the peritoneum in which the bowel loops are encircled by a...
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis also known as cocoon abdomen is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the peritoneum in which the bowel loops are encircled by a membrane (cocoon formation) within the peritoneal cavity leading to intestinal obstruction. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary (chemotherapy, beta-blockers, peritoneal dialysis, shunts, tuberculosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.). The symptomatology report includes recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting. We present here a case of a 32-year-old male who presented with complaints of being unable to pass stools, vomiting (3-4 times), and abdomen pain for 4 days. This case is considered worth mentioning due to its rarity, lack of identification of secondary causes, and diminutive mention of histopathological aspect.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Peritonitis; Intestinal Obstruction; Peritoneum; Vomiting
PubMed: 38358217
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1228_21 -
Critical Care (London, England) Nov 2023Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is one of the most common of invasive candidiasis observed in critically ill patients. It is associated with high mortality, with up to... (Review)
Review
Intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is one of the most common of invasive candidiasis observed in critically ill patients. It is associated with high mortality, with up to 50% of deaths attributable to delays in source control and/or the introduction of antifungal therapy. Currently, there is no comprehensive guidance on optimising antifungal dosing in the treatment of IAC among the critically ill. However, this form of abdominal sepsis presents specific pharmacokinetic (PK) alterations and pharmacodynamic (PD) challenges that risk suboptimal antifungal exposure at the site of infection in critically ill patients. This review aims to describe the peculiarities of IAC from both PK and PD perspectives, advocating an individualized approach to antifungal dosing. Additionally, all current PK/PD studies relating to IAC are reviewed in terms of strength and limitations, so that core elements for the basis of future research can be provided.
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Critical Illness; Candidiasis, Invasive; Abdominal Cavity; Intraabdominal Infections
PubMed: 37981676
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04742-w